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The purpose of the paper is to analyse the relations between performance and structure in the banking market. The paper contains a theoretical definition and overview of approaches for competitive hypotheses testing. There have been used several methods to estimate the performance and concentration in the American banking market between 1966 and 2013. The results served as a basis for competitive hypotheses testing. The presence of the Structure-Conduct-Performance hypothesis and Efficient Structure hypothesis was verified by means of an estimate of regression models for panel data. Positive relations between the selected performance indicators and absolute concentration as well as between efficiency and market shares of the analysed banking sectors were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition in banking industry is nowadays very high. A model one bank for all life is no longer applicable and the clients are more informed, but also more demanding regarding their needs and satisfaction. The aim of the paper is to analyze customer satisfaction with financial services in Slovakia; theoretically define the basic concepts related to the topic of paper, to quantify the overall customer satisfaction, to identify the clue factors that have a significant influence on the satisfaction and the trust in banks, to better understand customer preferences and to compare this situation with the current situation in France. The analysis is completed by descriptive statistics and statistical test chi-square. The final part of paper is dedicated to conclusions and suggestions for banks to improve the customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to estimate the banking efficiency determinants of the Czech commercial banks during the period 2001-2013. For estimation of banking efficiency we applied the Data Envelopment Analysis on data of the Czech commercial banks. We simultaneously use two alternative specifications of Data Envelopment Analysis approach, specifically CCR model and BCC model that differ in returns to scale assumption. The determinants of banking efficiency were estimated using the panel data analysis. The results of the paper show that the level of capitalization, credit risk, liquidity risk and riskiness of portfolio had a positive impact on banking efficiency. Gross domestic product per capita had a negative impact on banking efficiency. We found that in BCC model, the liquidity risk and riskiness of portfolio had a positive impact on efficiency in the Czech banking sector. Other determinants were not statistical significant in this model. Banks with a higher ratio of loans to deposit, ratio of loans to assets, higher ratio of equity to total assets were more efficient than other commercial banks in the Czech banking sector. The impact of the ownership structure was not statistical significant during the analyzed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial crisis has affected the redistribution of power in the banking system and has strengthened the battle between banks for clients. In such an environment, banks need to find new ways of overcoming the competition through bid differentiation and attracting more customers. The purpose of the paper is to explore the predominant bank selection factors among undergraduate population in post-transition country. Based on the survey conducted among student population three most important bank selection criteria have been identified. The empirical results based on survey conducted among student population and application of AHP methodology show that financial benefits, recommendations by parents and family members and location convenience are three predominant bank choice criteria among student population. Analysis shows that gender and status of bank client also have an impact on bank selection factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of stock markets on economic growth in Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria using three proxies to determine whether the impact of stock markets on economic growth is sensitive to the proxy used to measure stock market development. It also seeks to determine whether the impact of stock markets on economic growth is sensitive to the inclusion of banking development indicator in the regression. After accounting for structural breaks and cross-sectional dependency, the study reveals that stock markets have positive impact on economic growth in all the countries, albeit the impact is not very robust in Ghana. The results are neither sensitive to the proxy used to measure stock market development nor the inclusion of banking development indicator in the regression. This implies that stock market is a complement rather than a substitute for banking development in the process of economic development in West African countries. Thus, the countries should strengthen policies that promote all aspects of stock market development in order to accelerate sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper we seek an explanation of disparities in the required minimum levels of the capital adequacy ratio. Attention is given to 40 European countries mainly in the pre-crisis period. Cluster analysis results justify a need for a discretionary approach of the national prudential authorities when adopting the supranational prudential recommendations, to be more precise, Basel Committee conclusions. In such a manner, lower regulatory burden, i.e. lower minimum level of capital adequacy ratio in this case, is and should remain a privilege of the more transparent, ethical and accountable economic systems with better country credit rating, higher GDP per capita and lower inflation rate. Despite insignificance of the banking sector variables in the cluster analysis, when linear regression method is adopted, variables such as bank concentration indicator and asset quality have the highest explanatory power. A conclusion can be made that the set-up of the minimum capital adequacy ratio should be carefully planned due to threats of loss in the economic output if the banking sector is over-regulated or on the other hand increased financial instability in case of being under-regulated.23 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is developed to investigate and compare the efficiency within Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) based Islamic and conventional banks. The analysis is conducted over a sample of 49 banks for the period of 2006-2015. The paper is divided into two stages of analysis; the first stage was conducted to estimate and analyze the efficiencies of the sample using Data Envelopment Analysis Approach. The second stage was developed to assess the bank-level and country-level determinants of the efficiency through Random Effect Estimation Approach with Heteroscedasticity-corrected Standard Error. First stage of analysis suggests that Islamic banks tend to be more technically efficient than conventional banks due to their managerial efficiency in utilizing their resources and minimizing their waste of inputs. During the period of study, conventional banks tend to operate at 73% of decreasing return to scale and 14% of each increasing return to scale and constant return to scale. However, Islamic banks are operating at 33% of constant return to scale, 30% of inceasing return to scale and 34% of decreasing return to scale. The second stage of analysis results indicates that efficiency is not affected by country-level and bank-level variables except the GDP growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberalization and globalization has led Indian banking companies to focus on quality of service, speed and cost to face severe competition. The paper measures the bank competitiveness among the select Indian commercial banks in terms of financial strength. A bank is said to be competitive if it is financially strong. Financial strength of the bank is measured in terms of financial ratios viz. efficiency ratio, profitability ratio, capital adequacy ratio, income-expenditure ratio, deposits and return ratios. Factor analysis is used to structure and detect the components of financial strength. The competitive position mapping of the public sector, private sector and foreign banks is obtained by applying discriminant analysis. It is found that foreign banks are the most competitive compared to the private and public sector banks in terms of the profitability ratio, returns ratio and capital adequacy ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial banks in Republic of Kosovo have undergone major changes since the beginning of their establishment after the end of the war in 2000. Changes mainly resulted from technological changes, changes in the regulatory environment, the entry into the market of foreign capital banks and as a result of increased competition. Due to these changes, particularly as a result of the last global financial crisis in 2008, commercial banks in general were faced with rising operating costs, which may have affected their profitability, liquidity and credit quality. Our research evaluates the performance of commercial banks in the Republic of Kosovo during the period 2006 - 2012 by utilizing the method of financial ration analysis. We have also utilized the statistical t-test to analyze the impact of the recent global financial crisis on the performance of commercial banks in the Republic of Kosovo. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 provides an analysis of the banking sector in Kosovo and macroeconomic indicators for the period analyzed. Section 2 provides a literature review on the performance of banks in other countries. Section 3 describes the research methodology and assumptions. Section 4 presents the results of research. While Section 5 consists of the summary of the research and provides our main conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis of yearly data between 2003 and 2012 from the Polish banking sector. The impact of changes in the concentration of the banking industry and the share of foreign banks in banking assets on loan rates, costs and efficiency of the banking sector is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the analysis of operational risk in commercial banking in Slovakia. The importance of operational risk has increased due to Basel II including capital requirements for operational risk in new concept of capital adequacy. The aim of this paper is to quantify the relationship between operational risk and selected variables in terms of commercial banks in Slovakia. First part analyses the Slovak banking sector in terms of capital adequacy and capital requirement for operational risk. In analytical part we examine with help of regression models the relationship between operational risk and selected variables, to find out what are the key factors affecting operating losses in commercial banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of credit risks in recent years has burned the world economy leading to the onset of one of the toughest global economic crisis. Superficiality and incompetence demonstrated by the banking system in credit risk analysis has seen the highest peaks. Banks had as main objective winning new markets at any cost and risk management and banking marketing have known the most serious contradiction. On the one hand, sales of banking products at any price, on the other hand mitigation of banking risks. The paper aims to demonstrate that a new approach is needed in credit risk analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analysis the impact of entrepreneurial financial activities on financial indicators of all sectors as industrial, financial and services listed in Muscat Security Market from 2008 to 2014. The sample of 109 firms has been selected from a total population of 115 firms. The model of study consist of five main financial activities related to entrepreneurial activities as independent variables, which include output of employment and prices, oil and gas, public finance, money, banking and financial institutions, foreign trade and balance of payments wherein every activity is measured by three variables. The dependent variable is financial indictors consisting of market and profitability indicators. The results show there is a statistical significant impact of three entrepreneurial activities of output of employment and prices, money, banking and financial institutions, foreign trade and balance of payments on market indicator and in all entrepreneurial activities on profitability indicator. Researchers strongly recommends to adoption of entrepreneurship in the government's planning and long term strategy at the country level and special attention for all economic activities that contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurial concept directly or indirectly through the influence in all economic sectors and this interaction could add effective economic value that will reflect positively on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general belief that some degree of market power in the banking sector was necessary to maintain its market stability, has led many countries into attending policies that implicitly or explicitly limit competition. Such policies have modified the banking market structure raising concerns about the competition and efficiency issues. Concerns grow even more for developing economies and especially for the Albanian banking system. Here, bank loans are the biggest source of the external financing for businesses and hence of the economic growth. Nevertheless, the link between competition and stability is quite complex. This is the main reason why this paper provides a test of such a relationship for the Albanian banking system. Competition level measured mainly by the Lerner index, while stability is assessed by Z index and non-performing loan /total loan. The analysis indicates that competition enhancement into the loan market has increased the risk taking, but the effect on the overall level of banking stability is not of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the existence of Plecit bank that provides blessings or suffering for the community. This study uses an interpretive approach to explore more deeply the problems that occur. Data collection was conducted by interview and observation techniques. The results show that there is an exploitative correlation that utilizes borrowers in perpetuating their business by applying high interest rates. Interest slavery grips the borrowers resulting difficulties paying off their loans. So based on a moral perspective, the credit service of the Plecit bank is not based on the conscience principle but rather gives suffering, not a blessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the association betwen audit adjustment and earnings quality. Samples used in this research are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2016, a total of 358 samples from 42 companies. This research examined the effect of audit adjustment on earnings quality with a focus on banking companies in Indonesia and measurements that were adjusted to the nature of banking companies.The analysis of this research employs Ordinary Least Square Regression, and T-test processed with STATA 14 software. This study finds that audit adjustment helps to reduce earnings management. The result indicates that audit adjustment has an impact on earnings quality in highly regulated industry, especially in the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at empirically exploring the short- and long-term relationships between lending interest rate, total deposits, total loans, and non-performing loans of the largest micro-lender in Indonesia. It also attempts to investigate both bivariate and multivariate causalities among these variables. For this purposes, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approaches are adopted using the quarterly data over the 2003-2015 period. The non-performing loans were positively affected by their total loans and total deposits, but they were negatively impacted by the lending interest rate. As for the dynamic causalities, the total loans and lending interest rate bidirectionally Granger caused the non-performing loans, but the non-performing loans were unidirectionally Granger caused by the total deposits. These findings imply that to enhance the capital structure of the small- and medium- enterprises in the country through the distribution of small-scale loans by the largest micro-financing banks in Indonesia, the bank should design a proper credit policy with a lower lending interest in order to have lower level of non-performing loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the relationship between competition and performance on a sample of banks in Slovakia and the Czech Republic over the 2005-2016 period. Results of the linear Granger causality test suggest that a higher degree of market power (measured by market share and Lerner index) is associated with the performance increase. We find strong causation running from market power to performance, whereas the opposite causality is very weak. Our nonlinear investigation shows that above a certain threshold, the higher market share of an individual bank is likely to exacerbate the individual-risk-taking behaviour, and could be detrimental to the performance of the banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between lending, funding, capital, human resource, asset liability management and non-financial sustainability of Rural Bank (BPR) in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the extent of BPRs in Indonesia because this microfinance institution plays an important role in the development of the Indonesian economy. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of the independent variables with the financial and non-financial sustainability of the BPRs in Indonesia. The overall set of measures is constructed to evaluate the practice of BPRs in Indonesia. Data from 92 BPRs in Indonesia were collected and processed using SPSS to determine the relationship. The result demonstrates that the relationship of lending, funding, human resource and asset liability management to non-financial sustainability is significant. Whereas the relationship between capital and non-financial sustainability is not significant. The result of this study has practical implications for the Indonesia regulators to establish and revise regulations and standards tailored to the Indonesian unique background. The future direction of this research can be developed by changing or adding the variables and broaden the scope of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct banking channels, specifically Internet banking have a high importance both for bank institutions and consumers. There is a clear tendency for expanding the perception of Internet banking by more consumers, especially in EU countries, albeit with some variations. This research aims to examine the Internet banking adoption (IBA) rate of young Bulgarian people and to compare it with the rate at national level in Bulgaria. The data used is obtained through a distribution of online questionnaire among Bulgarian young users aged mainly 18-34 on the example of academic audience. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between official data on IBA rate for all Bulgarian population with those found for young people -- the last one is about 50% and is more than 10 times the national level of the rate. Contrary to expectations, this study reveals that the majority of young Bulgarian people prefer to visit the traditional bank office for feedback and communication with their banks instead to use remote electronic channels. The findings also indicate that young consumers are not yet ready to complement Internet banking with a new channel such as social media banking. There are good preconditions for this in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Basel II Capital Accord, the Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMA) is stated as one of the pillar stone methods for calculating corporate risk reserves. One of the common yet cumbersome methods is the one known as loss distribution approach (cf. [Chernobai A S, Rachev S T and Fabozzi F J, (2007)]. In this article, we present an easy to implement scheme through electronic means and discuss some of the mathematical problems we encountered in the process together with proposed solution methods and further sought on the issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]