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Following the recent advances in Industry 4.0 and the upcoming Industry 5.0, the use of multiple UAVs for indoor tasks has risen, particularly in real-time remote monitoring, wireless coverage, and remote sensing. As a result, UAVs can be viewed as proactive problem solvers and can support Internet of Things (IoT) platforms by collecting and monitoring data cost-effectively and efficiently, leading to better decision-making. Moreover, sophisticated drone operations require specialised software and data processing abilities. However, the utilisation of drones has been mainly focused on outdoor environments, thus creating a literature gap regarding indoor navigation and operation. Therefore, the design and development of a method for remote planning and control of drones based on the utilisation of AR is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the utilisation of drones for remote monitoring. The suggested approach involves engineers designing a sequence of actions and transmitting them wirelessly to the drone, eliminating the need for human intervention. Thus, the proposed method contributes towards enabling engineers visualise the drone path with the use of Augmented Reality and provides the flexibility of adding multiple way points. The applicability of the developed framework is tested in a laboratory-based machine shop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) has been extensively applied to health science education. However, a question still remains as to the optimal way to design AR interfaces to enhance users’ understanding of information that is presented in text format. Utilising the context of indoor air pollution, the current study examines the effects of messages about particulate matter (PM) delivered using different modes of AR visualisation (i.e. overlaying AR visuals onto users’ faces [AR-overlay self] vs. overlaying AR visuals onto users’ surroundings [AR-overlay environment] vs. no use of AR [AR control]). A between-subjects online experiment (N = 306) demonstrated that the AR-overlay environment has a pronounced effect on perceived realism toward 3D-rendered PM, which induced powerful effects on increasing both issue involvement and positive attitudes toward the textual information being presented. Compared to the AR control, the AR-overlay environment demonstrated a serial and positive mediation effect on perceived realism, which subsequently influenced issue involvement and message attitudes. However, overlaying 3D-rendered PM onto one’s face turned out to be a less effective means of eliciting perceived realism. Implications are discussed in the context of how to design effective AR interfaces that can best help users understand health science information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn-vehicle Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays (AR-HUDs) offer drivers integrated navigation and vehicle status information, thereby improving the driving experience. Many studies explored the effects of AR-HUD navigation design and information presentation on driving performance; however, these studies neglected the occurrence of inattentional blindness, which may lead to potential safety hazards. This study used a two-factor within-subjects design to investigate how dynamic effects (pulsation, blinking, movement) and color transparency levels (T1, T0.75, T0.5, T0.35) of AR-HUD navigation graphics influence inattentional blindness and user experience. The results indicated that color transparency significantly affects the drivers’ inattentional blindness behavior and user experience. Specifically, T0.75 resulted in the lowest inattentional blindness, while T0.5 was associated with the shortest reaction time (without blindness) and highest user satisfaction. Dynamic effects did not significantly impact inattentional blindness, but blinking reduced reaction time (without blindness). This study provides design insights for vehicle AR-HUD navigation interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) technology is expanding into the restaurant industry, yet the use of AR menus has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this research is to study consumers’ perceptions of the use of AR menus in restaurants. A research model grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used for the study. After 368 responses were collected through an online self-administered survey, multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the impact of factors on customer intention. The results of the study indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived innovativeness, subjective norm, perceived enjoyment, and perceived benefit influenced customer intention. In addition, it was found that there are gender differences in consumer intention. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed; limitations and recommendations for future study are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Buttenfield led the user evaluation and user interface design/improvement tasks in the Alexandra Digital Library (ADL) Project from 1994 to 1998 funded by the National Science Foundation in the U.S. Her research efforts in the ADL extended the role of cartographers from traditional map designers to web-based user interface and user experiences (UI/UX) designers. This paper will highlight key concepts and design principles (including user center design (UCD), usability testing, and user interface evaluation) in the ADL project and re-investigate these pioneering research topics in cartography with recent development of the Metaverse and human-computer interaction (HCI) using Extended Reality (XR), including Virtual Reality, (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). The new role of cartographers today includes user interface designers and usability evaluators using XR-enabled mapping tools and technologies. This paper will discuss cartographic research challenges and opportunities in the era of the Metaverse and highlight some software issues for cartographers to develop 3D or 4D web GIS applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) has received increasing attention and has been utilized to enhance the customer experience in museums. This study employs the Information System (IS) success model, immersion theory, and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the impact of AR quality on various dimensions of immersion and the effects of different dimensions of immersion on perceived usefulness and ease of use. Quantitative research was conducted on 295 visitors surveyed at the Wuhan Natural History Museum. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to test the model. The results indicate that higher-quality AR enhances immersion and that aesthetic experience can enhance the escapist experience within the AR environment. Both dimensions of immersion contribute to perceived usefulness, while the aesthetic experience of museum visits contributes to perceived ease of use. The results obtained from the experiments provide insights into designing AR systems for use in museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of augmented reality (AR) as a tool for geospatial data analysis and urban environment interaction relies on developing robust and accurate systems capable of aligning the virtual reference frame with the geographic one. In this article, we introduce our work toward the conceptualization and realization of Geographic-Aware Augmented Reality (GeoAR), including an evaluated framework for the automatic registration of georeferenced AR content. The proposed framework uses a novel calibration method that enables highly accurate placement of augmentations at their assigned geographic coordinate. Moreover, it introduces four calibration approaches suitable for different user needs. The framework was evaluated to assess the robustness of the augmentation's positional accuracy in three areas with different environmental characteristics, using references up to 50 m away while the user moves around. The results demonstrate that this framework supports novel outdoor AR applications, extending the possibilities in research and urban applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality, augmented reality, quantum dot light-emitting diodes, and organic light-emitting diodes have progressed over the last two years. Key achievements in these displays are discussed in terms of device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research in sports marketing examining technological innovations has predominantly focused on their acceptance by sport spectators. However, theoretical and empirical arguments suggest that investigating innovation resistance provides a distinct and complementary perspective to understanding spectators' responses to technological innovations. Therefore, the present study examines spectator resistance toward augmented reality (AR) technology used within the stadium. We explore adoption barriers to in-stadium AR, and empirically test their influence on three forms of resistance (postponement, rejection, and opposition). The study used a mixed-method approach comprised of qualitative in-depth interviews (N = 22) and a cross-national online survey (N = 1,206) targeting spectators in Germany and the UK. The study identified seven adoption barriers to in-stadium AR: distraction from the live experience, interference with fan rituals supporting the team, reduced social interactions, reduced emotionality in discussions, risk of personal image damage, fan identity incongruence, and loss of stadium atmosphere. These barriers mainly influenced the resistance forms of rejection and opposition, while the relation to postponement was weaker. Beyond AR technology, this research is the first to examine innovation resistance among sport spectators highlighting the importance to consider downsides of technological innovations and their consequences as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With software developments and advances in display technologies substantially improved, augmented reality (AR) application has gained popularity. In this study, we discuss using classic PowerPoint and AR for two kinds of scaffolding tasks (task-lifeline assembly and hedge assembly) for users with different spatial ability. We considered both objective and subjective measures of performance, i.e., correct rate and system usability and the ITC-sense of presence inventory (ITC-SOPI) scale. The results of the study show that participants using AR achieved higher operating performance than those using PowerPoint. Furthermore, the users' learning effect was influenced by spatial ability when using PowerPoint. Participants with high spatial ability achieved higher performance than participants with low spatial ability in PowerPoint. However, participants who used AR as a training method did not show significantly different operating performance at different levels of spatial ability. Consequently, AR was believed to be a potential method for enhancing training performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusionsThe prosthetic socket provides the critical interface between prosthesis and residuum. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of altering socket-residuum coupling integrity on limb and body control, through the use of vacuum-assisted suspension. A secondary purpose was to explore the potential use of two measurement tools designed to assess mobility in a clinical context.Individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation performed intentional sway (n = 7) and treadmill walking (n = 6) tasks at three vacuum levels. Sway deviation from a straight-line path to peripheral targets was measured using an instrumented balance platform. Step width variability and targeting accuracy were measured using an augmented reality treadmill.There was a significant difference in intentional sway performance toward the target on the anterior diagonal toward the prosthetic side (p = 0.036); higher vacuum levels tended toward less deviation from a straight-line path. We found no group differences between total intentional sway deviation, step width variability or stepping accuracy across vacuum levels.Improved socket-residuum coupling integrity via vacuum may have measurable effects on functional control that warrant further investigation. We highlight limitations of the clinical testing paradigms to inform future work.Implications for rehabilitationThe fit of the socket is a critical factor in the success of lower limb prosthesis use.Vacuum-assisted suspension modifies the coupling between the residuum and socket.Changes in socket-residuum coupling may lead to measurable differences in control; however, these may be activity and person-specific.Clinically intended instrumented tests of movement function derived for an intact anatomy should be used with caution when assessing prosthesis users.The fit of the socket is a critical factor in the success of lower limb prosthesis use.Vacuum-assisted suspension modifies the coupling between the residuum and socket.Changes in socket-residuum coupling may lead to measurable differences in control; however, these may be activity and person-specific.Clinically intended instrumented tests of movement function derived for an intact anatomy should be used with caution when assessing prosthesis users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractResearchers face the challenge of efficiently navigating vast scientific literature while valuing printed papers in the digital age. Printed materials facilitate deeper engagement and comprehension, leading to active reading engagement and enhanced retention. However, existing digital tools often need to pay more attention to the needs of researchers who value the tactile benefits of printed documents. In response to this gap, we introduce AR-PaperSync, a solution that leverages Augmented Reality (AR) and cross-device interaction technology. AR-PaperSync integrates the physical experience of printed papers with the interactive capabilities of digital tools. Researchers can navigate inline citations, manage saved references, and synchronize reading notes across mobile, desktop, and printed paper formats. Our user-centric approach, informed by in-depth interviews with six researchers, ensures that AR-PaperSync is tailored to its target users’ needs. A comprehensive user study involving 28 participants evaluated AR-PaperSync’s significantly enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and system usability and reduced cognitive load in academic reading tasks compared to conventional methods. These findings suggest that AR-PaperSync enhances the reading experience of printed scientific papers and provides a seamless integration of physical and digital reading environments for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractResponding the digitalization of the fashion industry, technological innovation, the acceleration of trends, the article identifies a tendency toward affect and discusses the potential of affective fashion trends. Selected cases are examined: from the pandemic-born nostalgia aesthetic on TikTok, and ASMR videos, to digital fashion and the use of augmented reality to push the boundaries between human body and adornment. Through an analysis grounded in a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework, we identify a shift in the cultural Zeitgeist toward emotions, feelings, sensations, and bodily experience. We stress the need for an affective, rather than purely visual perspective on aesthetics and argue for the potential of technology as a vehicle for affect in fashion and popular culture more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of the metaverse, augmented reality (AR) is expected to become the next interface between people and computers. Research is conducted to improve the usability of AR applications and devices. Color transparency and background effect are the two critical factors to consider while developing AR applications. Ten user interface conditions (5 color transparency levels × 2 background conditions) were evaluated in an AR environment. The task completion time and mean error were noted along with the subjective scores of button visibility, background visibility, and motion sickness. The results revealed a significant difference in task completion time, button visibility, and background visibility between transparency conditions, but not in the number of errors and total motion sickness. The transparency level of T0.5 and T0.75 is recommended for the interface of AR applications. This study could be helpful when creating augmented reality applications for the metaverse and other platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museums have expanded beyond their initial role in preserving artefacts as memory intuitions, playing an educational role and being tourist attractions. They had to adapt and increasingly utilise digital technologies to stay relevant in contemporary times. The use of technology in museums can be divided into two domains: digitalisation and digitisation. This study reviews 83 screened articles aligning with the guidelines of PRISMA systematic review to analyse existing knowledge about digitalisation and digitisation in museums, to demonstrate how these processes impact the role of museums, memory-making, and identify gaps for further research. The results indicate that digitalisation and digitisation enhance the overall museum experience for museum visitors and promote the educational aspect of museums as an 'interconnected space'. Notable use of digitalisation includes the use of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, while digitisation often is present through museum websites. Nonetheless, four current challenges for museums have been identified that warrant further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering drawing is valuable in capturing geometric features, conveying engineering ideas, and creating a blueprint of the intended product. Engineering students usually perform orthographic projections, imagining a 3D situation and sketching its 2D representation. That requires imagination and mental visualization, determined by the learner's spatial ability. This study proposes the infusion of an AR stereogram mobile application into an engineering drawing course to establish how it influences learning outcomes among students with different spatial abilities. The quantitative experimental study involved two mechanical engineering classes in northern Taiwan, N = 69 first-year vocational high schoolers. Statistical analysis revealed that the experimental group with high spatial ability recorded better results and excellent drawing skills. Bloom's taxonomy categorization reported that spatial ability influenced "understanding" and "applying" levels, with the strongest effect on "understanding." Although no significant interaction existed, learning outcomes were highly affected by spatial ability in "understanding" and "applying" levels and AR in the overall performance. The findings and discussions show AR holds great potential to enhance students' spatial ability for real-time visualization and enables better concept comprehension by improving their understanding of engineering topics. Future studies should consider these implications in creating effective and immersive learning environments for different courses in engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of virtual and augmented reality (VAR) in higher education on students' self-efficacy in science and engineering, and academic performance. An innovative VAR classroom is set up as an immersive and interactive learning environment at Nanyang Technological University for curriculum-based learning. This classroom is equipped with 6 individual VR displays and headsets, where high-end computers are connected to each display providing the computational power required for VAR technology. 46 undergraduate engineering students experience the VAR lessons over the course of 5 weeks. The self-efficacy and academic performance of the students are measured for quantitative analysis with surveys and regular (pre-/post-) tests as they participated in the lessons. Post-lesson focus-group discussions and interviews are conducted for qualitative analysis. The data analysis shows a significant increase in students' self-efficacy levels and academic performance after 5 weeks of VAR lessons. It is found that the collaborative, interactive and immersive nature of the VAR learning environment enriches students' learning experiences and thus contributes to their learning effectiveness. The study provides insights into how the VAR learning environment affects undergraduate students' learning, and how the VAR system can be deployed for effective STEM education [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on three ludic journeys through an autoethnographic account of Wellington, New Zealand, this paper explores how the performance of playful movements can alter the meaning, practice, and feeling of urban spaces. Attention is drawn to becoming hybrid, how technology mediates and augments the power to transform the everyday and support playful engagement with the city. These three ludic stories focus on e-scootering, cycling, and playing an augmented reality game, and highlight how play orientates our bodies through a sense of 'with-ness', with our environment and others. It also looks at orientations of 'against-ness', a leaning away from the materiality of objects, spaces, and events through play. This paper concludes by drawing on how space feels, and how it may open up the design potentials that these mediated practices offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe importance of physical activity (PA) for overall health and well-being cannot be overstated, especially in today’s fast-paced and sedentary society. Engaging in enjoyable activities like dancing can significantly enhance PA levels and positively affect one’s mood. Advances in technology have the potential to increase individuals’ engagement in more physical activities. This work explores the effectiveness of augmented reality-driven persuasive intervention in enhancing users’ physical activity and mood. To achieve our goal, we developed AR Dancee, a mobile-driven intervention combining Augmented Reality, Machine Learning, and persuasive technology to encourage adults to increase their PA through dancing, ultimately improving their mood. A 15-day user study with 104 participants showed that the intervention effectively increased PA levels, with equal effectiveness across genders and a stronger impact on younger adults. The results also show that the intervention improved participants’ mood while reducing anxiety levels, demonstrating its potential for stress management. Overall, the contribution of this work to the HCI fields is threefold: (1) the design and development of an AR-driven persuasive mobile app, (2) providing design recommendations, and (3) pinpointing limitations and providing suggestions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to investigate the impact of augmented reality (AR) technologies developed within the framework of primary school students' on student achievement, attitudes towards the course, attitudes towards technology, and participation in classroom activities. The contents of AR-based learning materials have been developed by 4th-grade teachers and writers within the context of the existing curriculum. The study process was carried out based on the instructional design model. The research was performed in conjunction with the quasi-experimental design among the experimental designs of quantitative research methods. Using the cluster random sampling method, students in the experimental and control groups were selected among 11 primary schools. The findings indicate that contrary to the students in the control group, the students in the experimental group had higher academic achievement and participation in classroom activities, and also their attitudes to the course and applied technology were more positive. Moreover, concerning the experimental group students, a positive and significant correlation between their academic achievements, attitudes towards the course, attitudes towards technology, and their participation and participation in classroom activities have been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) could improve maritime collaboration by facilitating human factors like situation awareness and decision-making. However, it is not clear in which ways AR can be beneficial and for which maritime operations. This paper addresses the need for a systematic literature review of state-of-the-art ways AR can facilitate maritime collaboration. Following the PRISMA statement, we searched for the constructs "AR," "maritime operation," and "collaboration" in the Web of Science and IEEE Xplore databases. Out of 691 search results, we retained 32 publications for analysis. Ten publications from other sources were included. Our results provide a review of AR applications for the maritime operations of ship navigation, personal navigation, maritime construction, maritime maintenance and inspection, and other. We suggest that research focuses on bringing promising AR applications to higher technology readiness levels, learning from other industries, applying robust evaluation methods, and grounding more on human factors like decision-making, situation awareness, and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) can bring a new interactive experience to the collaboration between users. When users are in the same place, there are two modes of joint operation for the same object: parallel-work (PW) and cross-work (CW). PW means two users perform their tasks, while CW means assisting each other. To investigate the difference that collaboration using PW and CW in an AR environment brings to users, we developed a two-person local collaboration system, LoCol. We designed and conducted user experiments by selecting the tasks of adjusting the virtual model of the assembly and adding missing boundaries in the model. The results showed that CW led to a higher sense of social coexistence while reducing workload. In terms of task completion time and accuracy, CW and PW each had advantages. We found that users generally want to reduce unnecessary repetitive operations and frequent movement by working with others. This is likely an important criterion for determining who is better suited for a particular job in either approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital transformation is affecting museums. New technologies such as applications, beacons, QR codes, virtual guides, holograms, touchscreens, and augmented reality are commonly adopted. Although much research was conducted on how visitors perceived the adoption of new technologies by museums, little is known about the reaction of the staff. Individual predispositions such as resistance to change, AI anxiety, and attitudes towards robots were used as the independent variables. This paper presents the research conducted on 220 museum employees. The results suggest that museum staff react to the decision on the adoption of social robots cognitively, emotionally, and behaviourally. Negative cognitive reactions are elicited by earlier negative attitudes towards interactions with robots. Negative emotional reactions are associated with earlier negative attitudes towards interactions with robots and the fear of being replaced. Ultimately, behavioural reactions are elicited by all of the above along with the anxiety of learning new technological skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging tools in interventional radiology (IR), enhancing IR education, preprocedural planning, and intraprocedural guidance. Areas covered: This review identifies current applications of AR/VR in IR, with a focus on studies that assess the clinical impact of AR/VR. We outline the relevant technology and assess current limitations and future directions in this space. We found that the use of AR in IR lags other surgical fields, and the majority of the data exists in case series or small-scale studies. Educational use of AR/VR improves learning anatomy, procedure steps, and procedural learning curves. Preprocedural use of AR/VR decreases procedure times, especially in complex procedures. Intraprocedural AR for live tracking is accurate within 5 mm live patients and has up to 0.75 mm in phantoms, offering decreased procedure time and radiation exposure. Challenges include cost, ergonomics, rapid segmentation, and organ motion. Expert opinion: The use of AR/VR in interventional radiology may lead to safer and more efficient procedures. However, more data from larger studies is needed to better understand where AR/VR is confers the most benefit in interventional radiology clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) has been used to enhance the shopping experience. However, existing AR shopping systems mainly focus on the solo user’s experience, while lacking multi-user experience. To address the gap, we propose a novel approach to collaborative shopping in a multi-user AR environment. By integrating the interactive personalized avatars of customers and shared gaze cues between shopping companions, we aim to understand how these technologies can enhance the collaborative shopping experience. We recruited thirty participants to conduct a 2 (personalized avatar: static vs. interactive) times 2 (shared gaze: without vs. with) within-subject repeat user study. The quantitative results from questionnaires showed that both interactive personalized avatars and shared gaze cues had positive effects on participants’ perceptions of enjoyment, usefulness, communication, co-presence, and future use. The combination of two features further enhanced the communication and perceived co-presence between shoppers and was preferred by participants. The qualitative results showed that interactive personalized avatars and shared gaze cues can enhance the shopping experience and promote efficiency which is consistent with quantitative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nSummaryVirtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated environment where scenes and objects appear to be real, immersing the user in their surroundings. This systematic review aims to explore the benefits and challenges of VR and AR in higher education and to identify the trends and issues regarding courses and teaching methods in which VR and AR are integrated. 95 articles from the past 7 years were reviewed to gather comprehensive insights. According to findings, VR and AR in higher education have been used most frequently in medical courses, while simulations have been predominantly implemented as teaching strategies in VR and AR. The most common types of research methods have been experimental and survey studies. The findings indicate that, while VR/AR has promising potential in higher education, certain challenges such as understanding how and when virtual and augmented reality can be most effective must be addressed before widespread adoption in higher education.What is already known about this topic Virtual and augmented reality-based learning modes, in terms of motivation and engagement, may attract and motivate learners to learn and boost their confidence.Virtual and augmented realities are not widely used in education due to limitations such as required technologies, cost, etc.Virtual and augmented reality-based learning modes, in terms of motivation and engagement, may attract and motivate learners to learn and boost their confidence.Virtual and augmented realities are not widely used in education due to limitations such as required technologies, cost, etc.What this paper adds Virtual and augmented realities in higher education have been implemented mostly in medical courses. These courses include medicine, biology, surgery, and nursing.In terms of interaction and collaborative learning, the teaching strategies used with virtual and augmented realities do not provide an interactive environment and opportunity for collaborative learning for students, contrary to expectations.Simulations have been used mostly in virtual and augmented reality research in higher education. Simulations are explained as scenario-based learning in some research, and students were expected to complete some tasks based on the scenario.Virtual and augmented realities in higher education have been implemented mostly in medical courses. These courses include medicine, biology, surgery, and nursing.In terms of interaction and collaborative learning, the teaching strategies used with virtual and augmented realities do not provide an interactive environment and opportunity for collaborative learning for students, contrary to expectations.Simulations have been used mostly in virtual and augmented reality research in higher education. Simulations are explained as scenario-based learning in some research, and students were expected to complete some tasks based on the scenario.Implications for practice and/or policy It is crucial to identify how and when learning with virtual and augmented realities is effective.Virtual and augmented realities in higher education have both advantages and disadvantages in the context of technology-enhanced learning, and its use is up to the learning designers.It is crucial to identify how and when learning with virtual and augmented realities is effective.Virtual and augmented realities in higher education have both advantages and disadvantages in the context of technology-enhanced learning, and its use is up to the learning designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionAugmented reality gait adaptive training (ARGAT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have both demonstrated efficacy in improving lower limb motor function in survivors of stroke.To investigate the effects of combining rTMS and ARGAT on motor function in survivors of stroke.The experimental group received a combination of rTMS and ARGAT, while the control group received ARGAT alone. The interventions comprised a total of 20 sessions, conducted over four weeks with five consecutive daily sessions. Outcome measures included three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA), surface electromyography (sEMG), Fugl-Meyer assessment for the lower extremity (FMA-LE), and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).Following the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in walking speed, symmetry index, affected step length, affected stride length, FMA-LE, and BBS scores (p < .05). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed (F = 4.58, p = .040), cadence (F = 5.67, p = .023), affected step length (F = 5.79, p = .022), affected stride length (F = 4.84, p = .035), FMA-LE (Z = 2.43, p = .019), and BBS (F = 4.76, p = .036) compared to the control group. The experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in the co-contraction index (CCI) of the knee joint (F = 14.88, p < .001), a change not observed in the control group (F = 2.16, p = .151). However, neither group showed significant alterations in CCI of the ankle joint (F = 1.58, p = .218), step width (F = 0.24, p = .630), unaffected step length (F = 0.22, p = .641), or unaffected stride length (F = 2.99, p = .093).The combination of low-frequency rTMS and ARGAT demonstrated superior effects on motor function recovery compared to ARGAT alone in survivors of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

True Crime Games is an award winning Melbourne-based game company headed by artist and designers Andy Yong and Emma Ramsay. This paper explores the first of their games–Misadventure in Little Lon – a case study that brings to light local histories that have been lost, elided or marginalized in traditional accounts of Melbourne and its development around the time of Federation. Drawing upon the phenomenology of Vivian Sobchack and the microhistory of Carlo Ginzburg, the article argues that implementing AR in historically driven game contexts allows for an improved grasp of the microhistory of a specific area. It does this by bringing the agency to the ‘ghost in the machine’ –characters in the AR game who enable players to resituate themselves and reorientate themselves to city streets through game play. This method of resituating historical sources so that players discover ‘opaque zones’, new ways of viewing located history that encourages reading ‘against the grain’ , is coincidental with important archaeological work that has been undertaken in the Little Lon district of Melbourne. Misadventure in Little Lon therefore joins a larger effort to reveal, circulate and celebrate the communities, individuals, and stories that traditional histories have ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to explore how mental rotation (MR) ability is enhanced using three-dimensional visualization. Earlier mental rotation trainings entailed two-dimensional drawings and representations that lack the necessary visual information present in three-dimensional spatial representations. Therefore, this review limits its scope to three-dimensional visualization-based training interventions using monoscopic, stereoscopic, and autostereoscopic 3-D displays as well as augmented and mixed reality displays to understand what representational fidelity can offer to improve mental rotation ability. ScienceDirect, Eric, SpringerLink and Web of Science databases were searched. A total of 51 articles were selected for the review. Results indicated that all studies but one found that 3-D visualization-based training significantly improved MR ability regardless of the technology and target group used. Allowing views from multiple angles was the most prominent affordance of 3-D visualization for MR training. The results also tentatively suggest that 3-D MR training is more effective than 2-D MR training. Furthermore, these systems may benefit females more than males while not imposing a greater cognitive load than 2-D training. The degree of immersion positively affects MR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe integration of virtual, mixed, and augmented reality technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology represents a transformative frontier. In this Commentary, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that explored the impact of Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Augmented Reality (AR) on cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. Our review highlights the versatile applications of VR, ranging from spatial cognition assessments to rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury. We found that MR and AR offer innovative avenues for cognitive training, particularly in memory-related disorders. The applications extend to addressing social cognition disorders and serving as therapeutic interventions for mental health issues. Collaborative efforts between neuroscientists and technology developers are crucial, with reinforcement learning and neuroimaging studies enhancing the potential for improved outcomes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, privacy, and accessibility, demand careful attention. Our review identified common aspects of the meta-analysis, including the potential of VR technologies in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, the use of MR and AR in memory research, and the role of VR in neurorehabilitation and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large language models (LLM) are now the de facto task planners for Embodied AI (EAI) systems. This shift can be attributed to LLMs' powerful, emergent properties which enable their adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal to no fine tuning via prompting. However, we find that LLM-driven task planning is not a solved problem. In this work we measure the extent to which these models can be adapted to complex and domain-specific task planning via few-shot prompting. Additionally, we contribute quantitative and qualitative analysis on prompt robustness. Lastly, to meet the challenges of adapting EAI systems to real-world, industrial domains, we adopt a human-in-the-loop approach to guarantee safe and interpretable task planning and execution. We successfully demonstrate co-located, human-robot teaming where an Augmented Reality (AR) headset mediates information exchanged between an EAI agent and human operator for a variety of inspection tasks. To our knowledge the use of an AR headset for multimodal grounding and the application of EAI to industrial tasks are novel contributions within Embodied AI research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) applications are becoming more mainstream, with successful examples in the mobile environment like Pokemon GO. Current malicious techniques can exploit these environments' immersive and mixed nature (physical-virtual) to trick users into providing more personal information, i.e., dark patterns. Dark patterns are deceiving techniques (e.g., interface tricks) designed to influence individuals' behavioural decisions. However, there are few studies regarding dark patterns' potential issues in AR environments. In this work, using scenario construction to build our prototypes, we investigate the potential future approaches that dark patterns can have. We use VR mockups in our user study to analyze the effects of dark patterns in AR. Our study indicates that dark patterns are effective in immersive scenarios, and the use of novel techniques, such as "haptic grabbing" to draw participants' attention, can influence their movements. Finally, we discuss the impact of such malicious techniques and what techniques can mitigate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the differential effects of the presentation position of the augmented reality–head worn display (AR-HWD) interface and the audiovisual-dominant multimodal learning material on learning performance and cognitive load across different learning tasks in training for high-speed train driving. We selected 48 participants to conduct an AR driving training experiment for high-speed trains. The results indicated that whether or not the AR interface was presented next to the learning target did not significantly affect learning performance and cognitive load. In complex learning tasks, such as learning to operate the controller of a high-speed train and to remember the steps of swapping the front and tail of the train, the auditory-led AR learning materials were effective in improving learning performance and reducing cognitive load compared with the visual-led AR learning materials. In the simple task of icon recognition, the visual-led AR learning materials performed better in terms of learning performance and cognitive load. The results of this study can guide the design of AR-HWD interfaces for different learning tasks in training for high-speed train driving, which can improve learning performance and reduce cognitive load during the learning process. HIGHLIGHTS We studied the position of AR interface presentation and AR multichannel learning for high-speed train-driving training. Whether or not the AR interface was presented next to the target did not have a significant effect on learning performance for that target. Auditory-dominant interfaces outperformed visual-dominant interfaces in complex learning tasks. Visual-dominant interfaces outperformed auditory-dominant interfaces in simple recognition tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study critically reassesses existing Metaverse concepts and proposes a novel framework for inclusiveness of physically disabled artists. The purpose is to enable and inspire physically disabled users and content creators to participate in the evolving concept of the Metaverse. The article also highlights the need for standards and regulations governing the inclusion of people with disabilities in Metaverse projects. The study examines current information technologies and their relevance to the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse. We analyse existing Metaverse concepts, exploring emerging information technologies such as Virtual and Augmented Reality, and the Internet of Things. The emerging framework in the article is based on the active involvement of disabled creatives in the development of solutions for inclusivity. The review reveals that despite the proliferation of Blockchain Metaverse projects, the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse remains distant, with limited standards and regulations in place. The article proposes a concept of the Metaverse that leverages emerging technologies, to enable greater engagement of disabled creatives. This approach is designed to enhance inclusiveness in the Metaverse landscape. Active involvement of physically disabled individuals in the design and development of Metaverse platforms is crucial for promoting inclusivity. The framework for accessibility and inclusiveness in decentralised Metaverses provides a basis for the meaningful participation of disabled creatives. The article emphasises the importance of addressing the mechanisms for art production by individuals with disabilities in the emerging Metaverse landscape. This article addresses a global challenge related to helping disabled people operate in the modern society, targeting new and emerging technologies, and enabling early understanding of required actions for inclusiveness of people with disabilities in the Metaverse. The increased use of advanced technologies (e.g., AI and IoT) in the Metaverse, amplified the importance of this research being conducted. The aggregate impact from this research for science and society is a more inclusive, and unbiassed Metaverses that are compliant with regulations on anti-disability discrimination. This is followed by the secondary values, related to increased technological opportunities from a breakthrough in designing new, more inclusive, and autonomous devices. The research study presents a new framework for integrating new technologies in existing Metaverses, resulting with a stronger accessibility and inclusiveness of the Metaverse. This creates a new understanding on how new technologies can be used for disability discrimination prevention and early understanding of disability requirements. We also highlighted normative constraints and the need for further reflection and weighing to avoid dystopian futures for the physically disabled in relation to the Metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most challenging scenarios for drivers of open-pit mines is driving in dense fog. As a result, drivers cannot see the road, which causes significant vehicle colloidal accidents. To overcome the problem, an intelligent vision enhancement system has been developed by real-time processing and integrating data from the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) module, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), radar, and infrared cameras to enhance the visibility range of the operative road to the driver and mitigate the chances of accidents. Final images after image processing and object detection are displayed using a dashboard screen in front of the driver for adaptive control and safe operation. Performance analysis of the visual computing algorithm has been carried out in a mine based on image quality parameters. Field-tested images' average contrast value, peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, visual information fidelity, and universal quality index were 0.87, 19.36, 0.39, 0.82, and 0.56, respectively, and the calculated accurateness of the convolution neural network (CNN)-based object detection model was 90%. These values indicate the output of the image processing algorithm provided better-enhanced images in the foggy condition. With the help of image processing algorithms, the camera view is able to provide a clear vision of more than 30 m in dense fog. Further, using V2X technology, the augmented visibility range has been increased up to 200 m. The 3D augmented reality (AR) view and 2D navigation view provide other surrounding vehicle locations. Untagged objects like rocks or bunds are also detected and displayed using radar. HIGHLIGHTS: The system fuses IR cameras, V2X, GNSS, radar, & visual computing for safe driving Image processing algorithm fuses CLAHE and DCP methods for clear image output CNN-based object detection algorithm integrated with image processing software Provides multi-stage safety using camera, 2D navigation, & 3D virtual reality views Intelligent system inbuilt with software and advanced analytics for fleet management [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) is being adopted at heritage settings as a means of creating and delivering experiences for heritage visitors. While several studies have examined AR applications and the antecedents and consequences of their employment from a consumer perspective, the heritage supplier's view in relation to how AR applications are designed remains underexplored. We explore the way heritage suppliers utilise AR for heritage settings, and as an interpretive medium that induces experience co-creation among visitors. Drawing on insights gained from interviewing heritage experts, the findings shed light on the virtual and physical experience elements included when designing AR. Five techniques employed by heritage producers that facilitate experience co-creation through AR are revealed: social interaction, personalisation, storytelling, gamification, and participation. Opportunities and implications of AR for sectors beyond heritage are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) is a dynamic field intersecting various disciplines, with applications spanning medicine and diagnostics. Our focus on advancing medical imaging has led to groundbreaking progress in brain tumor diagnosis, fostering optimism in treatment. In this pursuit, we introduce HoloBrain, an accessible AR application designed to transform medical education. Utilizing smartphones, HoloBrain enables automatic segmentation, AR visualization, and 3D interaction without the need for head-mounted devices. Emphasizing practicality over hyper-realism, our innovation allows medical students to seamlessly integrate a virtual brain tumor model into their surroundings. This immersive approach facilitates exploration of the 3D representation of an afflicted brain, enhancing educational experiences. Tests in a controlled environment using a phantom head yielded promising results, with our solution demonstrating average errors of 2 mm to 4.5 mm on smartphone displays. These outcomes highlight the precision and effectiveness of our contribution, underlining its potential in transforming medical education and training. HoloBrain represents a step forward in making AR accessible and impactful for aspiring medical professionals, offering a valuable tool for enhancing their understanding of complex medical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional medical education often lacks contextual experience, hindering students' ability to effectively apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. The integration of the metaverse into medical education holds great enormous promise for addressing educational disparities, particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) accompanied by rapid technological advancements. This commentary paper aimed to address the potential of the metaverse in enhancing basic sciences education within the constraints faced by universities in LMICs. We also addressed learning design challenges by proposing fundamental design elements and a suggested conceptual framework for developing metaverse-based teaching methods. The goal is to assist educators and medical practitioners in comprehensivley understanding key factors in immersive teaching and learning. Discussion: By immersing medical students in virtual scenarios mimicking real medical settings and patient interactions, the metaverse enables practice in clinical decision-making, interpersonal skills, and exposure to complex medical situations in a controlled environment. These simulations can be customized to reflect local healthcare challenges, preparing medical students to tackle specific community needs. Various disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pharmacy, dentistry, and pathology, have begun leveraging the metaverse to offer immersive learning experiences, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, and facilitate authentic assessments. However, financial constraints pose a significant barrier to widespread adoption, particularly in resource-limited settings like LMICs. Addressing these challenges is crucial to realizing the full potential of metaverse technology in medical education. Conclusion: The metaverse offers a promising solution for enhancing medical education by providing immersive, context-rich learning experiences. This paper proposes a conceptual framework and fundamental design elements to aid faculty educators and medical practitioners in effectively incorporating metaverse technology into their teaching methods, thus improving educational outcomes in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web and the advancement of computer technology in the 1960s and 1990s respectively set the ground for a substantial and simultaneous change in many facets of our life, including medicine, health care, and medical education. The traditional didactic approach has shifted towards more dynamic and interactive methods, leveraging technologies such as simulation tools, virtual reality, and online platforms. At the forefront is the remarkable evolution that has revolutionized how medical knowledge is accessed, disseminated, and integrated into pedagogical practices. The COVID-19 pandemic also led to rapid and large-scale adoption of e-learning and digital resources in medical education because of widespread lockdowns, social distancing measures, and the closure of medical schools and healthcare training programs. This review paper examines the evolution of medical education from the Flexnerian era to the modern digital age, closely examining the influence of the evolving WWW and its shift from Education 1.0 to Education 4.0. This evolution has been further accentuated by the transition from the static landscapes of Web 2D to the immersive realms of Web 3D, especially considering the growing notion of the metaverse. The application of the metaverse is an interconnected, virtual shared space that includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) to create a fertile ground for simulation-based training, collaborative learning, and experiential skill acquisition for competency development. This review includes the multifaceted applications of the metaverse in medical education, outlining both its benefits and challenges. Through insightful case studies and examples, it highlights the innovative potential of the metaverse as a platform for immersive learning experiences. Moreover, the review addresses the role of emerging technologies in shaping the post-pandemic future of medical education, ultimately culminating in a series of recommendations tailored for medical institutions aiming to successfully capitalize on revolutionary changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaze-adaptive interfaces can enable intuitive hands-free augmented reality (AR) interaction but unintentional selection (i.e. "Midas Touch") can have serious consequences during high-stakes real-world AR use. In the present study, we assessed how simulated gaze-adaptive AR interfaces, implementing single and dual gaze inputs, influence Soldiers' human performance and user experience (UX) in a fast-paced virtual reality marksmanship task. In Experiment 1, we investigated 1- and 2-stage dwell-based interfaces, finding confirmatory dual gaze dwell input effectively reduced Midas Touch but also reduced task performance and UX compared to an always-on (AO) interface. In Experiment 2, we investigated gaze depth-based interfaces, finding similar negative impacts of confirmatory dwell on Midas Touch, task performance, and UX. Overall, compared to the AO interface, single gaze input interfaces (e.g. single dwell or gaze depth threshold) reduced viewing of task-irrelevant information and yielded similar task performance and UX despite being prone to Midas Touch. Broadly, our findings demonstrate that AR users performing fast-paced dynamic tasks can tolerate some unintentional activation of AR displays if reliable and rapid information access is maintained and point to the need to develop and refine gaze depth estimation algorithms and novel gaze depth-based interfaces that provide rapid access to AR display content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As newsrooms begin to produce more immersive stories to better engage audiences, little is known about how immersive journalism compares with traditional journalism as we know it. Defined as news that is created with virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and 360° video technologies, research has tended to focus on ways to define it, and its effects on audiences and journalists. Understanding the extent to which immersive journalism adheres to long-held news values, norms, roles, and routines in journalism is essential as part of "boundary work", where boundaries that form the essence of journalism legitimize the profession and help journalists understand their work. This study examines 200 immersive stories from five prominent news organizations leading in their production of immersive stories, The New York Times, USA Today, CNN, BBC and The Washington Post. Results indicate that immersive stories remain timely and tend to focus on what is unusual or of human interest. When it comes to sources, there is a shift away from government voices towards civil society. Notably, however, while high on displaying objectivity, there is a lack of source and process transparency in immersive stories, and the infotainment role ranks high, presenting some concerns for journalistic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe maintenance and overhaul of rail transit vehicle frames are vital for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. AR-based maintenance has been proven to be cost-reducing and effective. Few studies explored the application of AR-based maintenance on subway overhaul. In this study, 74 participants were selected to conduct the underground maintenance AR recognition and obstacle avoidance experiment. And two-factor ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and non-parametric test were used for data statistics. The results show that a high-opacity AR interface has better recognition but affects obstacle avoidance. Facing different types of obstacles, AR interfaces with different layouts have significant differences in terms of recognizability and obstacle avoidance effects. Compared with the list layout, the matrix layout AR interface will make more effort for workers. The findings provide useful references for designing the visual information layout of AR interfaces and conducting usability testing of AR interfaces in complex scenarios such as underground maintenance.HighlightsThis study assessed the effects of the AR-HMD interface on workers’ recognition of and ability to safely avoid obstacles in a subway maintenance environment.A high-opacity AR interface leads to better recognition but affects obstacle avoidance.List AR interfaces lead to better recognition but increase the probability of obstacle avoidance failure by 50% under block obstacles.For linear obstacles, layout has no significant effect on recognition or obstacle avoidance.A matrix layout AR interface is more effortful than the list layout AR for the workers.This study assessed the effects of the AR-HMD interface on workers’ recognition of and ability to safely avoid obstacles in a subway maintenance environment.A high-opacity AR interface leads to better recognition but affects obstacle avoidance.List AR interfaces lead to better recognition but increase the probability of obstacle avoidance failure by 50% under block obstacles.For linear obstacles, layout has no significant effect on recognition or obstacle avoidance.A matrix layout AR interface is more effortful than the list layout AR for the workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of mobile phone applications with innovative features, the application of mobile recognition technology, such as a mobile image recognition-based (AR) application, is becoming increasingly widespread. Mobile Image Recognition-Based AR connect nearby objects or other physical targets with digital information. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using an image recognition-based AR application on students’ acquisition of science process skills and their motivation toward science learning. The study involved 56 students enrolled in two sections of tenth-grade female students in a private school in Jordan. Each section was randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group studied a unit from the biology textbook with image-based recognition content. In contrast, the control group studied the same unit using the conventional teaching method based on the traditional textbook content. The researchers administered a science both groups a science process skills test and a motivation toward learning science scale. Results showed that participants who used a mobile image recognition application to learn science had higher acquisition of all science skills and a higher motivation toward learning science than those who used the conventional learning method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While headsets dedicated to mixed reality are increasingly considered to virtualize workspaces in the office, the keyboard remains mostly unchanged and nevertheless is still envisioned as an interface for common professional activities heavily demanding in text entry. However, unlike headsets, a keyboard is intrinsically limited to immobile context during its use, due to the need for physical support. In this article, we investigate a radical change in the structural shape of the keyboard, switching from the plane to a cube, allowing users to fully benefit from their whole environment by entering text in a much wider variety of contexts. We designed a cubic layout based on the QWERTY and results from two user studies to define the best holding position as well as fingers preferences and reachability to the cubic shape. Then, we conducted two subsequent user studies and one longitudinal case study to compare and evaluate typing skill transfer from the keyboard, learning curve, fingers usage, usability, and workload in various contexts. The cubic-shaped text entry device finally showed its versatility with users having similar performances while standing with a mixed-reality headset or sitting in front of a laptop, and an input speed from an expert reaching 55.1 wpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn recent years, learning approaches such as flipped classroom model and technologies such as augmented reality has emerged as innovations that have the potential to transform learning approaches and environments. In this study, it is aimed to compile the current research trends of the studies aiming to reveal the effects of augmented reality technologies integrated into the flipped classroom model with the systematic review method. It is considered that the results to be obtained by systematically examining the applicability of augmented reality technologies integrated into the flipped classroom model are important in terms of guiding future research. For this purpose, studies published in Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and ERIC databases were examined based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and 14 studies were selected according to the criteria. These studies were subjected to content analysis and the results were presented with visual tools such as tables and graphs. The findings show that the interest in augmented reality technologies integrated into the flipped classroom model has increased significantly in recent years and that augmented reality can be effectively integrated into education. It has been determined that the flipped classroom model offers students the opportunity to focus on their individual needs by allowing them to learn at their own pace and plays an important role in the teaching process by combining these advantages with the features of augmented reality such as concretization, making the learning process remarkable and effective. More research is needed to understand the effects of augmented reality applications integrated into the flipped classroom model, which stands out as an approach that brings a new perspective to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAdvances in mobile consumer technology, especially in smartphones, have given rise to numerous new crowdsourcing opportunities. With the miniaturization of sensors and the growing number of smartphone models containing a wide range of them, we are now capable of creating digital imitations of real-world objects using everyday mobile devices. In this study, we created four augmented reality (AR) applications utilizing LiDAR sensors that were designed for crowdsourcing the creation of such digital imitations, i.e., digital twins. A user study was undertaken where video recordings, audio recordings, point cloud, and mesh data were collected in forest settings. Each approach was evaluated in terms of the characteristics and quality of the crowdsourced data acquired, as well as the participants’ behavior and experience. Our findings demonstrate that through gamification approaches, we can influence not only the user experience but also the type and quality of the crowdsourced data. Our findings offer guidance on which gamification dynamics and interactions are best suited for several types of crowdsourcing tasks. We also show that the collection of meaningful data is not limited to specific interactions or experiences and suggest that there are multiple routes in gamification design for reaching the desired outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine, a product steeped in tradition and history, is often challenging for consumers to decipher due to its intricate characteristics. Appealing to non-wine connoisseurs to break into untapped market segments requires both innovation and creative thinking. To accomplish this, three wine brands utilized augmented reality (AR) technology to craft unique brand storytelling experiences that centered around the label, without focusing on physical product attributes, ultimately resonating with new market segments. This article explores the use cases of three wine brands; 19 Crimes, Barefoot, and Enosophia Wines, that employed AR technology as a form of disruptive rhetoric, to supplement their wine label storytelling. The study sheds light on how multisensory technology such as AR can be used to carve out new wine target markets and proposes an AR experience model with accompanying propositions outlining how the experiential realms can be leveraged to achieve key brand objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical incidents are unanticipated events (either positive or negative) that teachers may encounter during a lesson or other situation causing them to reflect on their approach and change accordingly..Critical incidents have great potential for learning as they are vividly remembered and set the conditions for systematic reflection. However, despite the importance of the critical incident technique for professional learning in Initial Teacher Education (ITE), it is not generally used in teacher education programmes until the practicum stage when video-analysis is used. This study aims to analyse student teachers' individual and group reflections regarding two cases recorded on video in Portugal and Spain. Under the context of an Erasmus research project entitled 'Digital Practicum 3.0: Exploring Augmented Reality, Remote Classrooms, and Virtual Learning to enrich and expand preservice teacher education preparation (2020–1-ES01-KA226-HE - 096,120)' two cohorts of 39 and 22 student teachers, respectively, reflected upon two critical incidents previously selected by the student teachers who had taught the two lessons that were video recorded. They had to watch the videos and analyse the incidents both in group discussion and individual reflection. Findings suggest that such a strategy is key to enhancing the development of critical reflection in Initial Teacher Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Structural characteristics' are gambling product design features which contribute to the amount of time or money that gamblers spend using them, such as the short pay-out intervals of electronic gaming machines (EGMs). However, it is important to also understand the structural characteristics of current online sports betting products, and how these products may continue to evolve via a forward-looking analysis of utility patents, given the increasing international popularity of this gambling mode. A scoping review of the emergent structural characteristics associated with online sports betting was conducted upon the literature (2015–2022), and of sports betting utility patents. A total of 26 literature records and 8 utility patents were included. Results indicated that online sports betting is instantly accessible, provides rapid and continuous betting opportunities, and offers user-interactivity via features such as 'cash-out' and the ability to instantly deposit funds. Additionally, the online sports betting market has expanded into adjacent industries such as esports. The included utility patents suggest that online sports betting may evolve by incorporating peer-to-peer competitive elements, augmented reality, and highly specific statistics/notifications. Overall, the online environment has transformed sports betting into a faster and more harmful gambling mode that provides a diverse range of features and betting opportunities. It is important that this area of research develops in order to encourage appropriate policy and the more ethical redesign of online sports betting products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of Industry 4.0, rapid analysis and optimization of manufacturing processes are emerging as a vital demand of smart manufacturing factories. Ergonomics is an essential aspect of the ongoing screening of working conditions and a fundamental variable in Industry 4.0, as it calls for a flexible manufacturing system to strengthen the competitiveness of factories in the global market. This paper proposes a new augmented reality-based ergonomic evaluation platform: Augmented Reality-based Ergonomic Platform (ARE Platform). Introducing the Augmented Reality technology by superimposing virtual planning objects into the physically existing production environment. Utilizing the motion capture system collects data for a set of ergonomic indexes (RULA, OWAS, and NIOSH), accessibility and visibility verification. ARE platform could be used in the verification phase of smart manufacturing systems to evaluate the level of risk to workers' bodies during operations in real-time. The platform reduces the time and economic cost of verification and satisfies the rapid response of ergonomic evaluation and feedback in the context of smart manufacturing. Finally, the developed ARE platform is validated in two rigorous automotive assembly cases in the laboratory. Meanwhile, the ergonomic assessment results are analysed and reported for a people-oriented manufacturing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]