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This article seeks to provide insight into the history and acceptance of paper money within British North America by examining the state money issued by Lower Canada's civil government and the British Army during the War of 1812. Prior to the war, British North America was suffering from a specie shortage that was further exacerbated by the need for significant expenditure increases to provision the state with the resources it needed for its war effort. In response, colonial authorities issued the Army Bills, a paper money that was backed by acceptance in paying public debts and duties while also possessing qualities that adhered to metalist principles. To many observers surprise, the money successfully circulated and was accepted by Lower Canada's colonists, who beforehand had largely been perceived by colonial officials as distrusting of paper money. This research argues that the state's acceptance of Army Bills for discharging public debts, particularly merchant duties, ensured that the money would provide the colonial government with the fiscal flexibility it needed to conduct its war effort. This provision, in addition to measures like legal tender laws protecting its use in private transactions, also supported its successful circulation within the colonial economy during the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecoscience (Ecoscience) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soils in wild lowbush blueberry production are prone to wind erosion and have very low nutrient and water storage capacities. An experiment was initiated to assess paper mill biosolids (PB) mixed with wood ash and ground bark as a soil amendment/fertilizer for wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccium angustifolium Ait.) in the Lac St-Jean area, Quebec, Canada. A mixture of PB was applied during spring (mid-May) of the sprout year (1998) on 120 m2 plots at a rate of 15t ha−1 (wet basis) with wood ash (1 and 2t ha−1) and ground bark (0, 3, 6,9 and 15t ha−1, wet basis). Blueberry leaves were sampled in the first year and wet digestion and dry ashing were performed to determine foliar nutrient concentration. In 1999 and 2000, fruit yields tended to increase with PB with wood ash and ground bark application (31% in 1999 and 29% in 2000). Foliar N, P and K concentrations were increased whereas Ca and Mg were unaffected compared to control. Other nutrients were also determined and only Fe tended to increase with PB application whereas Ni tended to decrease. This study indicated that PB mixed with wood ash and ground bark is a potential nutrient source for blueberry on these poor sandy soils without short-term loss in crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores why the provinces of Ontario and Quebec devised contrasting policies in response to similar incidents of urban violence in the mid-2000s. In both settings, municipal police departments launched aggressive campaigns against so-called "youth gangs." However, Ontario went one step further and created a new "youth policy" to expand out-of-school programs for children and adolescents. By examining the origins of the policies in each province, the paper concludes that Black political actors in Ontario were leading champions of the youth policy, whereas, in Quebec, police chiefs took the driver's seat and advocated for a disciplinary strategy against "street gangs." The contrasts in policy and Black political participation exemplify the distinct racial politics of the provinces. Race-conscious policy in Ontario grows out of a tradition of Black radicalism and multi-racial coalitions. In Quebec, minority nationalism turns race into a proxy for clashes over ethnicity and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the 7th Symposium of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in Montreal, Quebec. Exchange of ideas and research for clinical linguists and phoneticians; Function of phonetics and linguistics methods; Selection of summary papers from the forum.

In Québec (Canada), vocational training centres hire their teachers based on their occupational skills and knowledge. Often without prior pedagogical training, teachers must complete a bachelor university degree including three or four internships. Conducted in their workplace, novices are then accompanied on-site by an assistant teacher (AT). Untrained for this role, there are little to no measures to support ATs in these additional tasks. Based on the testimonies of 15 ATs, this paper aims to expose the motivating factors and perceived benefits of performing this role, and how this plays an important part in the development of competent action and performance. To extract meaning, a qualitative methodology was used, and semi-inductive logic technics were applied. The results detail the ATs' experience in providing support to interns, as well as enlighten the facilitating and limiting factors to their competent action using desire to act theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST). Searches were conducted in August 2021 on four electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible papers included cross-sectional validation studies evaluating the psychometric properties of all QUEST versions. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and comparison tools were reported. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review. Results showed that the QUEST and QUEST 2.0 were available in 10 languages, and most validation studies analysed this tool in patients using mobility devices in various clinical conditions. One article analysed the child version (QUEST 2.1) in English. The most analysed psychometric property was Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency in 14 out of 19 studies, with values ranging between 0.74 and 0.79. Overall, 17 out of 19 studies were of adequate quality, though responsiveness was never studied. Our systematic review showed that the QUEST and its subsequent versions are reliable and valid measurement instruments to evaluate satisfaction in patients with different disabilities using various assistive technologies. This study provides useful information on the instrument's psychometric properties in different populations and cultures. This systematic review verify the appropriateness of the "Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology" (QUEST), as a measure of satisfaction; This systematic review allow clinicians to keep up to date with new versions of the tool, new countries of validation and population in which it can be used. This study supports clinicians in making informed decisions when choosing assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routing regular and dangerous commodities in railway freights transportation is discussed in this paper. Based on a link-based modeling approach, a mixed integer nonlinear programing model is developed. The model takes into account weather stability conditions of urban and rural areas and spatial distribution of risk at yards and around links as it impacts these zones along the routes. This paper also discusses the advantages of using bifurcation of flows on risk-cost tradeoffs and route planning decisions. The widely used nonlinear risk function is linearized and then the problem was solved to optimality using a commercial software. Results of the experiments on two hypothetical networks and one based on the rail network of the Province of Québec in Canada are presented and analyzed. Routing decisions associated with both variants of the proposed model with bifurcation of the material flows are compared to obtain managerial insights on the model in solving hazmat freight routing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital environments have expanded the forms of cultural participation. This paper has two aims: first, to elucidate the changing definitions of cultural participation in relation to digital environments; second, to examine the ways in which cultural policies respond to the new digital conditions of cultural participation. Focusing on Quebec (Canada), this paper is based on a critical review of grey literature in the public policy. We identified three main goals pursued by Quebec cultural policies regarding digital participation: 1) to produce and disseminate national cultural content; 2) to encourage cultural equity and diversity; 3) to encourage digital equity. The analysis shows that these goals partially exceed the scope of cultural policies to intersect with economic, educational, and youth policies. We also argue that policy frameworks and funding programs in support of cultural policies tend to legitimize an overlap of civic, commercial, and industrial logics of cultural participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Bernstein's concept of recontextualization, this paper explores how mid-level actors interpret and translate curriculum policies in the context of growing concerns about the performance and accountability of education systems. Little is known about the work of recontextualization agents responsible for the professional development, support and control of teachers, uniquely positioned at the interface of policy and practice, and comparative perspectives are even scarcer. Based on empirical research in France and Canada (Quebec), this paper examines the work of pedagogic advisors and inspectors intervening at lower secondary school level. Data are drawn from interviews (n = 24) conducted in three mid-level school authorities. Our comparative analysis brings to the fore specific forms of recontextualization in each education system. In particular it shows important variations in the use of knowledge based on experience and observation and decontextualized knowledge drawing on research and statistical data. Agents also elaborate different discursive strategies projecting contrasting models of teaching. In both contexts, but to varying degrees, the rise of data and 'evidence' is reshaping the missions of mid-level actors, potentially eroding professional discretion and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the growing body of work on precarious labor, immigration, and social gerontology by examining the racialization of precarious employment across the life course. In particular, the authors examine the impact of precarious employment and discrimination among racialized older immigrants in Canada. Racialized older immigrants are more likely to be disadvantaged by the effects of lifelong intersections of economic and social discrimination rooted in racialization, gender, ageism, and socio-economic status. Drawing from a narrative-photovoice project that focused on the life stories of older immigrants living in Quebec and British Columbia, this paper presents the in-depth stories and photographs of four participants to highlight how intersections of race, gender, age, immigration status, and ability shape and structure experiences of aging, labor market participation and caregiving relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the ethical judgment that lies at the heart of assessing requests for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada and Quebec, namely is it ethically right to help the person requesting assistance to end his or her life? We address situations in which making this judgment may be challenging despite the person fulfilling legal eligibility requirements. Using three clinical cases that are challenging by virtue of the legal requirement that a person experience intolerable suffering we explore this issue. We review practice guidance provided to providers and assessors in six jurisdictions and discuss potential resources to inform the ethical judgments involved in MAID assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of industries is at the heart of today's global economy. However, there seems to be confusion about the most effective methods for initiating this transformation, and even more so for the manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME). In a context of labor shortages, globalization and access to goods, services and skills everywhere and at any time thanks to the Internet, the need to stand out from the competition becomes a crucial issue. This research attempts to evaluate and identify the most effective ways to facilitate the digitalization in a context of manufacturing SMEs. Thanks to the measure of the digital performance and an 80-hour experience-based methodology using a questionnaire and field interviews, the determining factors of influence of the digital transformation could be raised. This paper uses a model of digital performance and hypothesis testing to try to identify the business practices and the 4.0 technologies that have the greatest effect on the performance of manufacturing SMEs. The results then intents to guide the efforts both in academia and in the field concerning digitalization of SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Introduces a series of articles presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the International Input-Output Association held at Montreal, Quebec in October 2002. Information on winners of the best conference paper.

As part of a larger prospective longitudinal research project to track parents as they navigate the family court system in Canada's two largest provinces, this paper reports on the mixed methodology results at Time 1 as parents came into contact with the family courts. Data was collected by using in-person surveys at seven family court sites in Ontario and five family court sites in Quebec. A total of n = 1,539 litigants in Ontario (n = 865) and Quebec (n = 674) were recruited for Time 1. Reflecting differences in eligibility for Legal Aid, significantly more Quebec (86%) litigants had a lawyer than in Ontario (37%). Only a minority of those who attended government supported mediation found it helpful. Those who were unrepresented generally expected a worse outcome and slower resolution because they did not have a lawyer. Implications for parents accessing family court services are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents with physical disabilities face challenges in their relationships with perinatal and early childhood services. This paper aims to better understand the experiences and needs of parents with physical disabilities regarding perinatal and early childhood services in the public healthcare system in Quebec, Canada. We also describe how adequately current services meet the needs of these individuals. Thirteen interviews were conducted with ten mothers and three fathers with physical disabilities. Results indicate challenges in various phases of the parental experience: the decision to have a child and conception; pregnancy follow-up; delivery; postnatal care and parental practices. The main issues reported by participants involved access to information and professionals' attitudes. Participants also emphasized the importance of keeping control over the parenting process. As there is a growing interest in the questions surrounding parents with disabilities in Quebec, this study can provide useful insights for community organizations and political stakeholders. Parents with physical disabilities report needs at various stages in their parental experience: the decision to have a child and conception, pregnancy follow-up, delivery, postnatal care and parental practices. Parents ask to be provided with appropriate information and to be part of the decision-making process during the delivery and with regards to child care. Professional services may fail to address parents' needs. Inclusive services would provide support for parents with physical disabilities surrounding both the medical, and the social aspects of their parenthood. Services of this nature could lead to positive outcomes in their parental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-year study of Lean implementation in public healthcare organizations in Québec identified poor understanding of the organizational context as a contributing factor to unsustainable Lean implementation. This paper presents a holistic perspective of the unique context of public healthcare organizations and discusses its implications with regards to Lean implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the constitutive rhetoric regarding the sovereignty of Quebec province. Development of political associations dedicated to Quebec's political sovereignty; Appraisal of the narrative ideological effect of rhetoric; Assessment of the effective power of constitutive rhetoric; Overview of a white paper drafted to secure Quebec's sovereignty.

Robin Aubert's 2017 film Les Affamés is a zombie genre film, set in an unspecified region of rural Quebec. The first Quebecois addition of note to the zombie film genre, Les Affamés follows the few remaining humans who have avoided contamination from their infected, flesh-eating pursuers. The rustic setting provides a haunting backdrop as the protagonist, a bearded science-fiction devotee named Bonin, and his five companions, attempt to flee through the woods to safety, pursued by a screaming, blood-thirsty horde of their former friends and neighbors. Les Affamés functions in large part as an allegory for rural poverty and economic isolation. Decaying farmhouses, rusting tractors, and an abandoned mine are just a few of the iconic images that invoke the real-world struggles of once-healthy agricultural and mining communities in a twenty-first-century neo-liberal economy. This paper will focus in particular on the zombie as an avatar for Quebecois and, more broadly, North American rural decay, noting how Aubert uses a zombie virus as an allegory for depopulation and economic marginalization. Indeed, the Affamés of the film's title also suggest the ravenous appetites of a capitalist system which, like the film's titular flesh-eating monsters, appears insatiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women of many cultures and religions find a means of coping with stress and ill health in faith-based practices, such as meditation and prayer. It is customary for Muslim women to participate in such activities, usually with a special dress code, which often includes a hijab. The headscarf ban in French and formerly in Quebec public schools not only forces Muslim female students to shed theiressentialreligious dress code, but also fails to address the resulting health consequences and to acknowledge the cultural aspects of head-covering. This paper argues that the ban on head coverings in public schools is not only an infringement on religious and cultural freedoms, and violation of human rights, but that it is also an unhealthy policy intervention, as it undermines health by restricting prayers, mindfulness and spirituality. Furthermore, the ban has taken away Muslim women's choice to wear a hijab, thus restricting a sense of self-autonomy and in turn causing additional negative health implications. By synthesising these ideas, this paper holds a novel and critical perspective that the headscarf ban policy in France should be re-examined not only because of its infringement of human rights, but also to assess the negative health impacts on affected groups. For these reasons the paper advocates a reversal of the ban, as has happened in Quebec, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the actors and activities and the institutional-spatial dynamics that characterize innovation and knowledge processes within the aquaculture industry and its support organizations in the coastal region of Quebec, Canada. It aims to identify the main features and components of such support organizations and their roles in entrepreneurial and knowledge processes. Comparing this Canadian case with the more developed Norwegian innovation system in aquaculture, the paper concludes that the market possibilities for the products of aquaculture are almost the same in Norway and Quebec. However, it is the policy and institutional settings, as well as the historical trajectories of the respective innovation systems, which seem to explain the growth of the aquaculture industry in Norway and its less successful development in Quebec. The paper also investigates the conditions and institutional arrangements that may stimulate the building and development of a more mature aquaculture innovation system support in Quebec's coastal region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successive governments of the Liberal and CAQ parties have worked on Quebec's cannabis regulation. Although "progressiveness" is a key part of its political identity, and despite its population being the largest user of cannabis since it was legalized, Quebec adopted the most repressive legislation among Canadian provinces. The process of framing the issue was nevertheless heavily influenced by the use of scientific evidence. In this paper, we seek to understand how evidence from different scientific fields was mobilized in the policymaking process. In order to classify the actors' positions and use of science, we develop a bidimensional continuum in which approaches to both health and behavior are presented. We specifically discuss three relevant issues that distinguish Quebec from other Canadian provinces: personal cultivation, public consumption, and legal age. Although multiple approaches to these issues were possible, government actors persistently put forward an individual approach to health and a moralistic approach to behavior. The adoption of the same repressive approach on each issue without scientific consensus suggests that scientific arguments were mobilized as a tool to support preexisting beliefs rather than to ground policy on evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper presents the phenomenon of stigmatisation among injured immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers experiencing a long-standing disability. Stigmatisation was one of the main findings of our study, the aim of which was to gain insight into the work rehabilitation process in the context of intercultural relations in Quebec. Various categories of stakeholders took part in the study, which sought to describe their experiences and perspectives and to identify the constraints, barriers, facilitators, and specific needs they encounter in terms of intercultural competencies. Methods: A purposive sample of 40 individuals was selected and divided into four groups: workers (N = 9), clinicians (N = 15), workers' compensation board rehabilitation experts (N = 14), and workplace representatives (N = 2). Semi-structured interviews were conducted using the critical incident technique, combined with an "explicitation" interviewing technique. Data collection and analysis procedures were based on grounded theory. Results: This study shows that immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers may experience stigmatisation as a cumulative process involving different concomitant parts of their "identity": age, gender, social class, ethnicity, mental health, and occupational injuries. Cumulative stigma may aggravate personal distress and feelings of shame, rejection, and disqualification from full social acceptance. Negative anticipatory judgements made by practitioners may undermine the therapeutic relationship and breach mutual trust and confidence. Conclusions: The phenomenon of stigmatisation is well documented in the sociological and health literature, but studies tend to focus on only one type of stigma at a time. Future research should focus on the cumulative process of stigmatisation specifically affecting immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers and its potentially damaging impact on self-concept, healthcare delivery, rehabilitation interventions, and the return to work. The repetition of certain clinical situations with people from certain groups should not lead practitioners to undue generalizations, even if they may sometimes be accurate; these generalizations must always be verified on a case by case basis. Ethnicity and culture, along with other social attributions, should serve as working hypotheses or support tools in health communication, not as hindrances to clinical reasoning. Practitioners should deepen their understanding of the patient's treatment expectations and the support available for rehabilitation in his family and community. Stigma in the context of care is linked to the idea of conforming to the proposed institutional models of care (including expected beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours). Therefore, practitioners should be aware that alleged differences, misunderstanding or disagreements can highlight an asymmetry in practitioner–patient power relationships. Organisations should also promote exchange and reflection on how to adapt their institutional models to avoid asymmetrical power relations. Intercultural training should be promoted at the various organisational levels so that managers, decision-makers, and practitioners share a common knowledge of the challenges of intervention in multi-ethnic settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the conflict over the management of the boreal forest of Quebec has been constructed through the documentary film l'Erreur boreale. It pays particular attention to the kind of discourses and practices used by the filmmakers to present the forest as a threatened entity. The paper shows that despite raising questions over the accessibility of the forest, the film promotes dominant industrial relationships with the forest which undermine other ways of imagining the relationships between forest users and the non-humans making up the forest. The paper suggests that the debate that resulted from the film offered few novel ideas to re-imagine relationships with the forest other than through the epistemic realm of forestry science and ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite major investments in healthcare, access to front line health services (family doctors, walk-in clinics) is still difficult. If front line healthcare services remain insufficient, emergency departments will have to offer non-urgent patients appropriate services. More than half of emergency patients are ambulatory patients and their medical condition is not usually as serious as for patients on stretchers (Thibeault, 2014). This paper is devoted to the analysis of ambulatory patient length of stay in an emergency department of a hospital in the province of Quebec. The average length of stay for ambulatory patients in that hospital is slightly more than 7 hours which exceeds the average 4 hours observed for all emergency departments in Quebec. To identify the factors and their interactions affecting the performance of the hospital emergency, measured by the average length of stay for ambulatory patients, experimental design and discrete-event simulation were used. This research aims at verifying how nurses can contribute to reduce emergency department overcrowding. Our results show that giving more responsibility to nurses (collective prescriptions, review patients) reduce greatly the average patient length of stay with less financial effort than adding new doctors. This allows doctors to focus on the more acute patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the assumptions that women 'care' as a matter of course, that care work is natural, inevitable, and easy - requiring little skill and as a result should not be highly valued or rewarded. It does so by assessing the impact of Quebec's (Canada's) $7/day childcare program on an economically disadvantaged community near the Quebec/Ontario border. This pilot study of mothers and childcare workers marks the first phase of research in the community. This paper looks at some of the care work involved in childcare settings in small-town Quebec. At the same time, the paper aims to show the importance and impact of Quebec's childcare initiative on an economically hard-hit community. It shows that, despite mothers' recognition of the importance of the program to themselves, their children and their community, there is still evidence of the undervaluing of the care work that childcare providers do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common in discourse surrounding Québécois and Puerto Rican nationalism to discuss both regions in terms of their linguistic marginality to Anglo-majorities found in Canada and the USA, respectively. As two areas faced with the common American task of inventing a national identity in displaced settings in the New World, English becomes an easy "other" against which the French Quebecker and Spanish Puerto Rican may define themselves. However, language becomes a problematic means of definition when considered in relation to its intrinsically Old World origins. This paper reexamines Quebec and Puerto Rican nationalism from a larger New World perspective that focuses on the role of American landscapes and settings in conjunction with the traditional linguistic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how KIBS establishments combine innovation and exports, and which factors are associated with these combinations. In particular, we hypothesize that KIBS establishments which both export and innovate will be over-represented in metropolitan regions, and under-represented in peripheral regions. Our analysis draws upon a sample of 429 innovative KIBS establishments in the province of Quebec (Canada). We show that strategies differ across space (but not as expected – metropolitan and peripheral strategies are similar), that T-KIBS' strategies are associated with non-market information sources, and that P-KIBS' strategies are associated with information purchasing. P-KIBS' and T-KIBS' strategies vary with the performance of in-house R&D. Taken together, these results suggest that whereas KIBS' choice of export and innovation strategies do not reflect their 'hard' or 'soft' nature, the factors associated with this choice do. The similarity between metropolitan and peripheral regions reflects the fact that Quebec's resource-based peripheral economy is international and innovative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtually all youth in detention have been exposed at least one traumatic event in their family system or in the community, and a vast majority have experienced cumulative traumatic events that led to major dysregulated states. Building on several seminal works on trauma-informed juvenile justice programs and on implementation research, this theoretical research-based paper aims to describe the preparation stage for implementation of the Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency framework (ARC) to a population of youth in detention. The ARC framework is well-suited to meet the complex needs of young offenders by focusing on building blocks that promote resiliency, including caregiver affect management and attunement, affect identification and modulation, and executive functions and self-identity. Based on this extensive preparation stage and a case illustration, recommendations and best practice protocols for making a shift towards a trauma-informed youth justice system are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Network Robustness Index (NRI) was one of the first tools to successfully assess networkwide congestion effects due to single-link closures. This paper investigates the use of systemwide metrics in the context of Montreal’s urban road network, and provides a new mechanism to evaluate the importance of individual links while internalizing the environmental perspective. Specifically, the NRI is expanded to include road emissions in the link criticality analysis process, resulting in the creation of an Emissions-based NRI (ENRI), to be used in conjunction with the NRI. The results of this new Emissions-based NRI (ENRI) are compared with the NRI results and we observe that both tools provide similar results for major scenarios (such as capacity reduction on major bridges) while for minor scenarios (such as capacity reduction on arterial roads) the results are quite different. The results suggest that new holistic frameworks are needed to assess link criticality in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a condensation of a paper given at the second Pugwash conference at Lac Beauport, Quebec in April 1958 discussing the problems of different approaches to permanent peace. It asserts that, Americans find it difficult to admit people's right are permanently deprived to choose what kind of economic and political system they want. It argues that the West must recognize the present political state in all parts of the world and admit it as a beginning for future development toward a stable and peaceful world. The article also includes the contribution of Dr. Skobeltzyn on the new fact of life in Eastern Europe to which the West cannot become reconciled.

This paper looks at the role that musical discourse played in shaping a dialectical construction of social identity for the Acadians during French Canada's nationalist movement at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By examining how the Acadians were represented in the press, this analysis serves to identify how discursive practices manifested competing notions of victimization and empowerment in Acadian society. Considering musical discourse as a reflection of cultural power relations occurring between the Acadians and Canada's largest francophone population in Quebec, this paper assesses identity-formation in relation to how the aesthetic and the political intersected as musical discourse was used to promote the socio-political interests of nationalists in Quebec. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Analysing parties' media representations in the context of France's 2010 legal ban of Islamic facial coverings and Québec's (rejected) Charter of Values in 2013, this paper foregrounds the neglected role that party competition plays in shaping the construction of nationhood in public debates around immigrant religious practices. Our findings show that in these debates, political parties aim to maintain their distinct identities by generating a particular universalism, in which purportedly "universal" values, such as gender equality, are imbricated with particularistic images of nationhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature on trans youth has been dominated by etiological studies interested in trans experience as a medical phenomenon. An emerging body of literature has begun to document that trans youth are a diverse, vulnerable, yet resilient population, and to investigate the role of various sites of support such as the family, peer groups, institutions, and community spaces in contributing to or impeding trans youth's well-being. Method: This article presents the results of Stage One of interviews (n = 24) conducted for a Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) qualitative research project based in Quebec. It studies the factors that enhance trans youth's well-being as well as the factors of oppression that negatively affect it. This paper offers a brief overview of the anti-oppressive methodology used for this project, emphasizing how CBPAR was combined with Grounded Theory (GT) methods to encourage the direct involvement of communities and the translation of knowledge into action. Results: We present preliminary categories emerging through the ongoing axial coding process. These categories address trans youth's experiences in and perceptions of various “sites”: 1) healthcare services both for gender-related and general care, 2) other institutional spaces, 3) the family and other social circles, and 4) community spaces. Conclusion: While much of this study's results support existing evidence on trans youth's experiences, they also provide a more nuanced portrayal of the complex ways in which recognition, as well as non-, mis-, or mal-recognition, influence trans youth's well-being at different sites. We also argue that recognition itself must be considered through the lens of intersectionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1840s, a monumental cairn was built on an island in the St Lawrence River by the Glengarry Highlanders Militia who were stationed in eastern Upper Canada and western Lower Canada during the Rebellions of 1837–1838. The cairn was officially raised to commemorate the Glengarry Highlanders' supreme commanding officer, Sir John Colborne and to acknowledge the role the Glengarry Highlanders played in supressing the Rebellion. However, as a product of early Victorian Highlandism and its association with three generations of a transatlantic Highland regiment, the cairn was also a physical representation of the historic Highland Scottish military contributions to the British imperial project in the Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reform initiative, the Supporting Montreal Schools Program (SMSP), created by the government of Quebec to assist 184 low socio-economic-status schools in Montreal implement seven reform strategies prescribed by the government. On a regular basis, the professional team of the SMSP engages in reflection and research with universities concerning one or more of the strategies they are charged with helping schools implement or the functioning of the SMSP more generally. The present research programme is part of the team’s ongoing reflection on a component of Strategy 4: professional development of school administrators and the school team. In this paper, we detail results from this initial and subsequent studies on the work of principals in low-performing schools. We also describe our collaborative relationship with the SMSP team, discuss the effectiveness of the SMSP in promoting the implementation of the seven government-mandated strategies and critique the utility of our partnership with the SMSP and our use of that programme as a vehicle for linking research to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the response to the hijab in France, Quebec and the rest of Canada to explore the different political cultures of those three polities, the ideals behind them and the modes of repression and tolerance which give meaning to those cultures. More specifically, the paper compares the Stasi Commission in France with the Bouchard-Taylor Commission in Quebec in terms of both process and conclusions. What role do public commissions play in the education of the public against a background of educational institutions charged with that task? In asking that question, the paper explores the role of daily practices in realising that ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine students' values in 'relationship to their studies.' After defining the concept within this rubric, we attempt to define the values at work from the perspectives of (1) the motivation for pursuing post-secondary studies; (2) the pace of studies; (3) the time devoted to study; (4) the time spent in the institutions; and (5) student culture. The study focuses on students enrolled in the medicine and sociology programs. Our paper draws primarily from the results of an online survey and interviews of a sampling of the target student population, with the analysis in both cases developed in light of the distinction between 'instrumental' values and 'expressive' values. The analysis presented here is based on theories recently developed in France and Quebec regarding values, students and student attitudes toward their program of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the impact of extensive journalistic coverage on a small community in Quebec that experienced the murder of a teenage girl by a local man. Press coverage of the case was intense, as journalists converged on the small rural town to cover the story and the subsequent arrest of the suspect and his parents. In presenting the voices of both local residents and a journalist, this paper illuminates the secondary trauma and symbolic violence that can result from some forms of news coverage of a traumatic event. Five key themes regarding the impact of the media on community residents arose from the data: alienation from the community, anger at the media's public construction of the community, intrusion on community life, intrusion on the private processes of grief, and triggering renewed feelings of loss and grief. Implications for journalists are discussed, including being aware of the dynamics of symbolic violence and secondary trauma and incorporating positionality, empathy, and reflective practice into their reporting praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility of health care services is a major concern in many countries. This paper examines the impact of limited access to occupational therapy community services on the right to services, distributive justice (resource distribution based on social solidarity), and service quality. Legal documents and relevant scientific papers were analyzed from three standpoints: legal, ethical, and clinical. Random use of criteria to prioritize requests, partial response to complex needs, task delegation, and long waiting times, all affect distributive justice and compromise the right to and quality of services. Various alternatives are suggested to ensure a balance between the distribution and quality of occupational therapy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a qualitative approach of narrative inquiry, this paper examines how Quebec's distinct society identity interacted with objectives of a Multicultural Education course in Montreal. The authors, one of whom was a teaching assistant in the course and the other a student in the course, interviewed seven students and the professor. The reasonable accommodation debates on how best to integrate Quebec immigrants into a society steeped in distinct society narratives were the backdrop to both the course and the research. This paper contributes to the growing research on how teacher candidates negotiate multicultural education programme objectives. Based on our analysis of two participants' interviews we advocate for a more context-based approach with course content specific to the distinct society element in multicultural courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on psychiatric medication experiences among a sample of North American university students to explore a new cultural and social landscape of medication 'compliance.' In this landscape, patients assume significant personal decision-making power in terms of dosages, when to discontinue use and even what medications to take. Patients carefully monitor and regulate their moods, and actively gather and circulate newly legitimated blends of expert and experiential knowledge about psychiatric medications among peers, family members and their physicians. The medications too, take a vital role in shaping this landscape, and help to create the spaces for meaning-making and interpretation described and explored in this article. In concluding the article, the authors claim that two popular academic discourses in medical anthropology, one of patient empowerment and shared decision-making and the other of technologies of self and governmentality, may fail to account for other orders of reality that this paper describes - orders shaped and influenced by unconscious, unexpressed and symbolic motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research has helped us understand that high stakes tests can have some sort of influence at the micro level on classroom practice and activity. To date, much variation has been reported. This paper discusses washback in second language (L2) education contexts and specifically the teacher factor in classroom activity. It draws on four areas of research: washback research in second language (L2) and general education, the teacher factor in washback, alignment of assessment internal and external to the classroom, and mixed methods research. It provides teacher case study examples from a larger study probing into teacher practice and beliefs when dealing with a new high stakes English as a second language (ESL) provincial exit exam at the high school level. The participants are from the population of ESL secondary teachers in the French school system in the province of Quebec in Canada. The main research question is: How do teachers mediate between classroom assessment activity and preparing students for upcoming external exams? Results indicate that teachers used common overall approaches, but that there was variation in individual practice. When first introduced to the new exam material, teachers used a formative assessment approach. As the exam time neared, their practice evolved into a summative assessment approach. This phenomenon demonstrated an interfacing or 'blurring' of formative and summative assessment in an attempt to align classroom and external exam assessment. Implications are discussed pertaining to a coherent education system across curriculum, teaching, learning and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to show how urban sustainability issues have been addressed by social, political, and economic actors involved in housing production in Montreal. Specifically, it looks at how the environmental question has been incorporated into the practice and discourse of recent housing schemes. Principles of sustainable development such as adaptive reuse of industrial buildings and infill housing that allow for reinvestment in inner-city neighbourhoods, inclusion of affordable, or social housing in private housing developments to secure social mix, citizen participation, energy, water, and transportation matters have been increasingly circulated. By examining planning documents, design proposals, and briefs presented at public hearings on housing schemes in Southwest Montreal, a former working-class borough undergoing revitalisation, this paper shows that the values of sustainable development have been used by both private developers and local authorities to negotiate urban transformations with community groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written about the link between local networks and institutions, about place and territory, and the capacity to innovate. In this paper we set out to answer two questions, based upon a survey of 1,122 knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms in the province of Quebec, Canada. First, do KIBS firms in different regions display different propensities to innovate? If so, this will be taken as prima facie evidence that there is some connection between local context and innovation. Second, can any regional level explanatory variables be found to explain the different levels of regional innovation? We find evidence that geographic patterns of innovation exist amongst KIBS firms in Quebec, although they are not those expected if there were a connection between local territory and innovation. We find that innovation first decreases with distance from the core of metropolitan areas, then, after 30-50 km, begins to increase again, though this pattern is not the same for all sub-sectors. This pattern is in keeping with recent theoretically derived expectations relating to the geography of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The town of Senneville, located at the western edge of the Island of Montreal, has thrived as a small community surrounded by large urban neighbourhoods. Once a popular location for the summer homes of wealthy Montrealers, Senneville is characterized by a series of architecturally and historically unique estates. As suburban growth continues to alter the character of the Island of Montreal, residents of Senneville have begun to fear that their community is in danger of losing its distinctiveness. The town's current bylaws inadequately prepare it for sustainable growth. As a result, the author was engaged by the municipality to survey the community and prepare architectural guidelines for its preservation. The process began by visiting, documenting and photographing each of Senneville's 350 homes. Survey sheets were created, through which criteria deemed essential to an architectural inventory were formulated. Town character, civic buildings and its public spaces were studied. Six character zones were designated for the appraisal of different architectural areas. The observation, synthesis and analysis resulted in the creation of design guidelines for preservation and development. This paper describes the process of conceiving those guidelines. It details the guidelines created for one of Senneville's character zones, the Urban, and offers a broad overall of how they might be useful in other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a model to estimate the market value of residential properties where the selling price is an imprecise estimate of the real value, and when the number of observed residential transactions is small. Thus, the price paid for a property may lie between a lower and an upper limit. The real estate appraiser's experience, judgement and knowledge will be introduced explicitly in the proposed estimation model through a learning process by using the satisfaction functions concept. This model was utilized to estimate the market value of a number of properties in a residential area of the town of Saint-Etienne-de-Lauzon, situated in the Regional Municipality of Des-Chutes-De-La- Chaudière in the Province of Quebec, for taxation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]