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This paper contributes to the burgeoning literature related to reparative planning, with an emphasis on housing policy. After exploring the state of theorizing related to reparative planning, this paper describes its three central dimensions: public recognition, material redistribution, and social/spatial transformation. The authors use these dimensions to evaluate a housing policy designed to repair harms to Black residents in Portland, Oregon. This in-depth analysis draws on survey, interview, and focus group data to explore the degree to which residents' experiences of the policy reflect these three dimensions. The paper concludes with implications for other municipalities considering reparative housing policies, namely the need to explicitly name the harm(s) the policy is designed to repair, for robust accountability measures to guide policy implementation and for holistic community development strategies that attend to multiple dimensions of racial reparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slippery slope argumentation features prominently in debates over assisted suicide. The jurisdiction of Oregon features prominently too, especially as regards parliamentary scrutiny of assisted suicide proposals. This paper examines Oregon's public data (including certain official pronouncements) on assisted suicide in light of the two basic versions of the slippery slope argument, the empirical and moral-logical versions. Oregon's data evidences some normatively interesting shifts in its assisted suicide practice which in turn prompts consideration of two elements of moral-logical slippage that are not widely discussed. One is slippage from an initial autonomy-based public justification for assisted suicide which does not include burden-based concerns within its operative account of voluntariness to an evolved public justification that does. The other is an expansion of a terminal illness ground to include chronic illnesses effectively rendered terminal via a refusal of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a review of the research paper "Getting to Know Us: Judicial Outreach in Oregon," by Mary J. Deits and Lora E. Keenan which address the disconnect between the state appellate courts, trial courts and the public in Oregon.

Medical aid in dying refers to policies that allow terminally ill patients to seek assistance from their medical providers to obtain medications to hasten death. In this paper, we used a 7-point policy analysis model to examine the diversity of medical aid in dying policies that exist in jurisdictions (states and territories) in the U.S. and the implications of these policies for suffering at end of life. As of this writing, these practices are available in 12 jurisdictions, including 11 states and the District of Columbia. Legalization has occurred via statutory approaches in 10 jurisdictions and permissive approaches in two jurisdictions. We discuss the structures of these laws, the requirements for participation, and the limitations created by having jurisdiction-specific policies on such broad, bioethical issues. Existing laws appear to relieve suffering in patients at end of life. Jurisdictional differences create barriers to comprehensive expansion but provide insights into practice in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tolerance for wildlife can be informed by a person's beliefs, attitudes, norms, or other characteristics. Although theoretical papers emphasize the interrelations of these multiple antecedents of wildlife tolerance, empirical studies have not tested them using a rigorous scale development process. We used psychometrics to characterize the cognitive antecedents of tolerance toward black bears (Ursus americanus). Proposed scale items were tested via web-hosted questionnaire (n = 240) and refined into 29 items representing five antecedent dimensions of tolerance for black bears. We then administered these items to a different sample of recreational trail users in western Oregon (n = 210). Second-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 19-item measure representing four distinct yet related antecedent dimensions of tolerance: antipathy, connection, lethal control (damage), and lethal control (danger to self, pets, and economics). These dimensions help better explain why people may be more or less tolerant toward black bears and, potentially, other wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the processes by which "stakeholder" status is constructed, and the importance of sense of place to that construction in collaborative water resource governance processes. Water management often involves collaborative governance, but there can be differences between who has an interest in the outcome, and who is formally invited to participate as a "stakeholder." We examine a case study of a collaborative water governance process in Central Oregon, and found that existing models of stakeholder formation present in scholarly literature did not fully explain the dynamics of stakeholder participation. We propose a two-step "Interest-Participation" model of stakeholder formation: to be considered stakeholders, a group must not only have an interest in the outcome but must actively navigate barriers to participation. We moreover argue that collaborative engagement is an embodiment of sense of place, emphasizing the importance of competing place meanings in resource governance processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the strategies Beatrice Morrow Cannady used to persuade people to subscribe for, and renew their subscriptions to, The Advocate, a newspaper for African Americans published in Portland, Oregon, from 1903 until 1936. It also considers her efforts to collect past-due accounts, promote advertisers, and encourage collective action to ensure her paper's success. Although scholars who study the black press agree that finances were a problem for most publishers, few have considered how the stress of worrying about a publication's bottom line might have affected an editor's ability to advocate for equal rights and liberties in her or his community. Yet Cannady's distress is apparent in correspondence to NAACP officials and editorials in her newspaper. Examining her efforts to keep her newspaper afloat may offer a framework for studying other African American papers both small and large and perhaps lead to more nuanced discussions of the similarities—or differences—discovered in regional publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and exurban development pose challenges for water resources. This paper examines the perceptions and adaptive responses to those stressors among stakeholders engaging in exurban water management. Drawing on 42 interviews with planners, water managers, and local experts, we analyze perspectives on water-related hazards in the Hood River watershed, Oregon, and identify contrasting approaches to adaptation. Interview subjects identified climate-related hazards as most significant, with relatively less – although not insignificant – concern about development. Interviewees understood the role of the Watershed Group in four different ways: resistance to change, sustaining the present system, adapting to improve resilience, or transformational adaptation. Despite tensions between these approaches, the Watershed Group empowers local actors, offering grounds for social development. This study indicates that exurban areas may be poised to experiment and develop methods of collaborative resource management that reconcile different interests toward transformational adaptations to the dual challenges of climate change and urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting accessibility and expanding transportation options are at the center of many livability programs. Using the 2017 Oregon Livability Survey administered in three regions in Oregon, this paper studies the livability impacts of accessibility and transportation options in the broader context of residential preferences and choices. Findings show that residents valued accessibility and transportation options in both livability conceptualization and their residential choice process within a similar a hierarchy of preferences. Expanding accessibility and transportation options can enhance livability, but its effectiveness is limited if other situational factors critical to residents' residential choice are not adequately addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the risk-informed evaluation of different tsunami evacuation risk mitigation strategies to facilitate the identification of effective strategies that are robust to uncertainties. The tsunami evacuation risk (in terms of casualty rate) is used as a quantitative performance measure to compare different mitigation strategies. An improved agent-based model is used to simulate the tsunami evacuation. A simulation-based framework is used to quantify the tsunami evacuation risk, and various uncertainties associated with the evacuation are explicitly considered. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify critical risk factors and guide the selection of candidate mitigation strategies. The concepts of importance sampling and augmented sample-based approach are used to efficiently evaluate the evacuation risk under different candidate strategies. The risk-informed evaluation of mitigation strategies is illustrated for the tsunami evacuation in Seaside, Oregon, where strategies such as route widening, bridge retrofit, building vertical shelter, preparedness education, and evacuation drill are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. This paper describes how a sample of inpatient and outpatient psychiatric treatment units use technology to aid in patient care through scheduling, tracking, billing, and documenting clinical services. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 68) at four inpatient and four outpatient psychiatric facilities in Oregon. Results indicate psychiatric facilities are assembling systems for managing information that include a combination of electronic linked clinical records, paper records, and unit-specific, unlinked databases. Barriers remain in (1) improving the sophistication of psychiatric information systems, (2) improving linkages of behavioral health with other medical information systems, and (3) increasing information technology support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a flowchart-based methodology for describing the movement of foster youth in and out of placements of differing types and durations. This longitudinal methodology is designed to be sufficiently simple to appeal to policymakers and administrators seeking to chart the movement of groups of youth over time and the sequencing of their placements, and sufficiently descriptive to be of use to researchers seeking to predict the placement trajectories of subgroups of foster youth. The paper provides an example of the use of the method drawing upon state administrative data from a large study of preadolescent and adolescent youth in foster care situated in Oregon. Implications for the application of the methodology to different issues of interest to researchers, policymakers, and administrators are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating the harms of gentrification to communities of color is a pressing challenge. One promising approach is preference policies that enable long-term residents to remain in or return to gentrifying neighborhoods. This mixed-methods study evaluates the City of Portland's "Preference Policy," which provides targeted affordable rental housing to residents displaced from a historically Black neighborhood. This paper draws on survey, interview, and focus group data to explore resident motivations, changes to well-being, and recommendations for improving the policy. Findings suggest preference policies can enhance well-being, and underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to advance racial justice in gentrifying neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how home care workers in Oregon, a predominantly female, geographically dispersed, and economically undervalued workforce, were brought together to engage in collective action and extend their reach beyond the local union to civil society. Drawing on qualitative interviews with union staff and member activists, along with archival data, it documents how home care workers used social movement unionism to improve their working conditions in the early 2000s. The lessons from this case are especially relevant today given the growing demand for in-home care as a means to avoid being placed in institutionalized settings and the shortage of workers to meet the rising demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides are a significant geohazard, which frequently result in significant human, infrastructure, and economic losses. Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS and remote sensing can help communities prepare for these damaging events. Current mapping efforts utilize a wide variety of techniques and consider multiple factors. Unfortunately, each study is relatively independent of others in the applied technique and factors considered, resulting in inconsistencies. Further, input data quality often varies in terms of source, data collection, and generation, leading to uncertainty. This paper investigates if lidar-derived data-sets (slope, slope roughness, terrain roughness, stream power index, and compound topographic index) can be used for predictive mapping without other landslide conditioning factors. This paper also assesses the differences in landslide susceptibility mapping using several, widely used statistical techniques. Landslide susceptibility maps were produced from the aforementioned lidar-derived data-sets for a small study area in Oregon using six representative statistical techniques. Most notably, results show that only a few factors were necessary to produce satisfactory maps with high predictive capability (area under the curve >0.7). The sole use of lidar digital elevation models and their derivatives can be used for landslide mapping using most statistical techniques without requiring additional detailed data-sets that are often difficult to obtain or of lower quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing devolution of climate policy-making to sub-national levels has prompted growing interest in policy entrepreneurship by individuals who are politically and technically creative and institutionally resourceful. This paper investigates the case of the materials-management programme in the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality which has emerged as a national and international leader by focusing on the role of household consumption in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Two noteworthy innovations involve the development of a consumption-based GHG emissions inventory and introduction of policies aimed at facilitating construction of small homes (so-called Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU). The case traces over several decades the higher order learning processes within the group and their entrepreneurship toward affecting broader changes in emission accounting and climate policies in Oregon. The paper identifies the enabling factors for these innovations, and considers: how to create the conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; how to reproduce these conditions in different locales; and how to recognize and foster innovations that arise outside the established mainstream 'climate community'. It also stresses the benefits of breaking down the barriers between science-based analysis and policy. The two questions frequently raised in the climate policy debate – how to bring researchers and practitioners together to develop efficacious policies; and how to replicate successful programmes and policies across different communities, jurisdictions, and locations – should be re-examined. It may be more appropriate to ask instead: How to create conditions for learning, experimentation, and policy entrepreneurship; and how to reproduce these conditions in different locales. Key policy insights Using a consumption-based greenhouse gas emission inventory instead of a sector-based inventory radically changes climate policy priorities, shifting the emphasis from technological fixes to curbing household consumption. Policy innovations thrive in teams that combine technical and scientific competencies with: a commitment to addressing societal problems; interest in inquiry, experimentation, and learning; entrepreneurship; and strategic and political savvy. These qualities require breaking down artificial barriers between science and policy. Transformative policy ideas can originate within institutional nodes that operate outside of an established community of expertise and authority; and these should be identified and fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This talk was presented at the ICTT-22 meeting held in Portland, Oregon on September 12–16, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Garrett Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons argument states that resources held in common will inevitably suffer overexploitation and degradation. However, recent contradicting evidence has led theorists to question the soundness of this claim. This paper assesses the accuracy and predictive success of the six essential assumptions of Hardin's approach. The aim of the paper is to compare the functioning of the tragedy of the commons approach at the local and the international levels, in order to demonstrate that the context we choose affects the applicability of the hypothesis in explaining policy outcomes. The paper compares the validity of the tragedy of the commons hypothesis in three marine cases: California fisheries, modern Oregon fisheries and European Union Common Fisheries Policy. We find that at the local level the tragedy of the commons can be mitigated when a co-management of institutions is achieved, while the EU case shows that the tragedy of the commons is a realistic prediction when dealing with international institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Age, a weekly newspaper for Oregon's small but vibrant black community, offers stark insights into race relations in the Pacific Northwest at the turn of the twentieth century. The newspaper also provides details about culture, religion, education, migration, politics, job opportunities, and other topics that were critical to residents. Despite its importance to black Oregonians, scholars who study the black press have overlooked the Portland paper and its editor/publisher, Adolphus D. Griffin. This article addresses that gap in journalism history and aims to restore a forgotten journalist to the canon. More than one hundred issues of The New Age published between 1899 and 1907 were examined using historical methods and interpretive textual analysis. Topics and themes in editorials and news articles were analyzed for denotative and connotative meanings; the content also was viewed through the lens of identity construction and counter-narratives. Census and voting records, and articles published in the white and black press were consulted to supplement this study and shed light on Griffin, his career, and the complexities of race relations in the late 1800s and early 1900s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The destruction of riparian vegetation in urban areas signals the loss of valuable ecosystem services. This paper documents the extent of riparian vegetation loss during a period of rapid development (1990 - 2002) in three Oregon cities with distinctive, local management strategies. Findings show that loss has occurred in all three cities, but this loss has been curtailed by implementation of protective policies. Moreover, more than half the losses in each city were due to a few large development projects, rather than a large number of smaller ones. The paper concludes that management strategies do limit destructive actions by small projects and that large losses are potentially avoidable with targeted attention to large-scale projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over 25 years, inflation has dictated the growth of the collection at Portland State University's (PSU) Millar Library. In 1975, Joseph Kohut, former PSU librarian, stated that if “the current trends continue, within a few years, the total book budget of many academic libraries faced with constant or decreasing book budgets will be exhausted by serial subscription costs.”1 From 1986 to 2000, serial costs in ARL libraries rose 226%, thereby reaffirming that this dilemma has not ended. This paper outlines steps taken by PSU to improve the alignment between the allocation of PSU's library materials budget and PSU's priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was presented as the Keynote Speech at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Children’s Residential Centers in Portland, Oregon. In this paper, a number of contemporary challenges in the field of residential care are described. These include the requirements of collaborative work, confronting public policy criticisms of residential care, effective work with task groups, and working with professional staff members. The challenges also include the development of a supportive business climate, finding effective ways to work with other agencies, boards, staffs, and providing leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper aims to assess the performance of a sample of completed building projects in Oregon by employing the range-adjusted measure, a slack-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. In the first stage of analysis, project efficiency ratings (ie composite indicators) are derived using selected single performance indicators in a no-output model; whereas in the second stage, censored Tobit regression is employed to model the efficiency ratings. The results indicate that only four out of the 50 sample projects are efficient within the DEA context. Moreover, there is not much evidence for systematic effects of project size on DEA efficiency rating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across North America, street vending of snacks and small meals is growing in popularity, coinciding with a rising interest in local food systems and mixed-use planning in urban neighbourhoods. However, many cities have little or no urban street food due to historically strict bylaws, and in some centres, the move to relax the prohibition on street foods has been difficult. This paper examines the theoretical discourse surrounding street food and presents a case study of the city of Portland, Oregon, which is seen as a leader in the area of allowing a vibrant street food culture to develop. This study found that Portland's success is a product of both progressive municipal bylaws and intrinsic spatial and social qualities of the urban landscape. Lessons for cities trying to encourage a street food industry are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The grape and wine industries in the Pacific Northwest have evolved in quite different ways. The expansion of the wine industry in British Columbia has been driven by increased competition resulting from the enactment of the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement in the late 1980s. In contrast, the grape and wine industries of Washington State and Oregon have expanded in response to global market trends in consumers changing life styles and wine preferences. In this paper, we explore the changing production and export trends of the Pacific Northwest wine industries over the last decade and analyze how these trends have been influenced by government regulations, business organizations, and export promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Portland metropolitan area has benefited from the intergovernmental cooperation employed across the region and the sense of metropolitan identity that is held by public officials and the general public. The key tools that have been employed include formation of a metropolitan government, establishment of an urban growth boundary to contain sprawl and redirect market forces to produce a more compact region, and development of a regional light rail system and a regional parks and open space system. This paper argues that linking the typically inward focus of sustainable development to a global context, the region can realize an even greater benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Outlines the strategies which were used by the Oregon State University (OSU) for the creation of a role that would be consonant with the functions of a Carnegie I Research University. Description of the environmental factors influencing the strategy; Details on the curriculum offered by OSU; Discussion on the role of the environment.

In this paper we report a morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular (16S rRNA, 16S-23S ITS, rbcL and rpoC1 gene sequencing) survey on a very thin, non-heterocystous, filamentous cyanobacterium, isolated from mats covering several mud maturation tanks of the Euganean Thermal District, at temperatures ranging from 26 to 59°C. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results, obtained using cyanobacterial primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene, confirmed that this cyanobacterium is one of the commonest taxa growing in the mud tanks. Comparison with Geitlerinema sp. PCC 8501 (=Phormidium laminosum Gomont ex Gomont strain OH-1-p Cl 1), a thin thermobiotic species isolated from hot springs of Oregon and morphologically similar to our isolate, led us to hypothesize that the Euganean and PCC 8501 strains are either very similar sister species or ecotypes of the same species in a yet to be defined clade, clearly distinct within the paraphyletic Leptolyngbya group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Oregon State University (OSU) Libraries, librarians are evaluating the decade-old information commons in the transition to a learning commons. Visits to commons spaces at libraries across the country provided perspective on this transition. This paper describes the development of the OSU Libraries Information Commons, identifies themes from our trips to other commons, and discusses the idea that we need to incorporate the concepts of the commons throughout the library in recognition that wherever our students are in the library becomes their learning commons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper compares neighborhoods with more traditional features in two very different cities. As expected, in Portland the majority are socially diverse and in Atlanta they are low-income. However, in both cities about a quarter are high-income. In Atlanta the latter are located in older neighborhoods, whereas in Portland they are also in areas combining newer and older housing. A return to valuing a more traditional urbanism may explain the signs of revitalized central cities in both places. Our findings, however, indicate it may be accompanied by the relocation of low-income neighborhoods to areas where activities are not readily accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares Portland in Oregon and Charlotte in North Carolina to determine if recent residential development patterns in each area are as different as their existing policy framework and regulations might suggest. Using spatial data sets from local sources, we first perform a cluster analysis to develop a typology of census block groups based on built-environment characteristics. This derived typology is coupled with data on single-family residential construction for both study areas to assess the degree of similarity. We find that Portland and Charlotte present very different residential development outcomes in recent years. More specifically, single-family residential development has occurred most frequently in the inner- and middle-ring suburbs in Portland and most heavily in the urban fringe areas in Charlotte. Potential explanations of the observed difference are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a quantitative method for classifying neighbourhood types and applies the characterization method to the neighbourhoods of new single-family homes in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. The study first measures a set of 21 urban form attributes in neighbourhoods that contain newly constructed single-family homes. Factor analysis is then used to identify a small set of dimensions that capture essential differences in urban form. Finally, these factor scores are used as input to a cluster analysis to identify distinct neighbourhood types. The results demonstrate that most new single-family homes in Portland are built in new suburban neighbourhoods, but a substantial portion of single-family construction is occurring in traditional and neo-traditional urban neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant junctures in natural resource planning and management in recent years has been the emergence of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). The central focus of CBNRM is the environment, of course. However, it explicitly considers the local economy and community as well. It is a highly participatory approach to local, place-based projects, programs and policies aimed simultaneously at environmental and community health. This paper is an attempt to shed light on what happens in the local economy and community as a result of pursuing a CBNRM strategy. Oregon has been in the vanguard in putting CBNRM into operation. A key example is the state's experience with local watershed councils and the state agency that supports them, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB). Drawing from a larger study of Oregon's watershed councils, we ask and answer the questions: 'What direct contribution do watershed councils make to the local economies of Oregon?'; 'Do watershed councils contribute to 'civic engagement' in Oregon?' and 'Do they enhance individuals' and communities' capacity to engage in public issues beyond watershed council activities?' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time when many libraries have decided that the creation and maintenance of individual virtual reference service requires too great an investment of time and effort for too small a return, Oregon State University Libraries recently deepened their commitment to virtual reference. Since 2003, OSU has participated in L-Net, Oregon's statewide virtual reference service. As a participant, OSU is eligible to use the Tutor.com software to create a local virtual reference service for the OSU community and has been encouraged by the state to do so. In this paper we share OSU libraries' reasons for creating a separate queue for our community, our experiences with it so far, and our plans for the future of L-Net OSU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1998, physician-assisted suicide has been legal in the American state of Oregon. In this paper, Idefend Oregon's physician-assisted suicide (PAS) law against two of the most common objections raised against it. First, I try to show that it is not intrinsically wrong for someone with a terminal disease to kill herself. Second, I try to show that it is not intrinsically wrong for physicians to assist someone with a terminal disease who has reasonable grounds for wanting to kill herself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study begins with the question of whether the press is conveying messages that help readers in their moral development. Using a Kohlbergian model, this study explores the question by analyzing the moral language in columns and letters to the editor from three Oregon newspapers. The study's content analysis reveals that most arguments presented in the opinion section of the three papers are done so at either Kohlberg's preconventional or conventional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portland boosters invited Lewis Mumford and Robert Moses to Portland to comment on the growth of the city and the region in the years surrounding World War II. Mumford emphasized regionalism and a dispersal of the population to new towns, which would be satellites to the central city, strengthened as a regional centre. Moses, coming to Portland just five years later than Mumford, stressed freeway, bridge and park development, with a mind toward girding the city for post-war growth. In the mid-century, Portlanders were more inclined to adopt Moses' suggestions, almost all of which were eventually implemented. A shift in political culture in the 1960s and 1970s, however, brought a renewed commitment to the ideals Mumford had espoused and, today, the Portland area's regional planning agency, Metro, has adopted a Regional Framework Plan that embraces the Mumfordian vision, with an almost blatant rejection of Moses' commitment to freeways, bridges and other types of massive investment in auto-accommodating infrastructure. This paper discusses the difference between the two paradigms of planning and provides some explanations for the shift in the Portland region from a Mosesian to a Mumfordian ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a six-month period beginning in the fall of 1998, Oregon State University's libraries migrated all bibliographic, patron, circulation, and acquisitions data from a GEAC automated system to one designed by Innovative Interfaces Inc. (III). The most important factor in achieving this success was the active involvement of staff of all levels in planning, implementation, and testing. This paper provides an overview of the process developed by OSU to train staff from all units of the library to assist in the migration, plan the technical details for transferring all data, test the new system, and correct problems that arose as a result of the migration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The participation rate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) varies significantly among states. In 2018, the national participation rate was 82%, and only three states (Delaware, Illinois and Oregon) enrolled all eligible households in the program. This article investigates the causes behind Oregon's success in reaching a 100% SNAP participation rate starting in 2009 and maintaining this percentage till the present time. A combination of policy, political, administrative, governance and demographic variables have all contributed to making Oregon a national leader in SNAP participation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on longstanding debates about communicative rationality in policymaking, this article introduces the "funds of knowledge" approach to identifying how individuals access and utilize information in public discourse. Drawing on 46 interviews with first- and second-generation immigrants serving on public decision-making bodies in Oregon, the authors analyzed a subset of individuals who used their lived experience, rational expertise, or both while engaging in their respective bodies. Based on interviewees' perceived level of influence over policymaking, the authors present new insights on the importance of knowledge expression in designing participatory spaces that aim to be inclusive in increasingly diverse communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of tethered-assist harvester technology on steep terrain by the forest industry has decreased workplace accidents. However, there are portions of harvest units that remain inaccessible to mechanized falling, therefore requiring manual falling as well. This study characterized the differences in terrain and forest conditions between manual and machine felled areas within the same harvest units. The hypothesis is that manual fallers will work more time in challenging terrain on harvest units using both mechanized and manual falling when compared to harvest units using manual falling only. This was tested using field data from three new harvest units, six previously harvested units, timber faller surveys, and harvest managers' interviews. For both field datasets, only slope was a statistically significant predictor of falling method. Further, both managers and fallers confirmed steep slope as one of the main reasons for requiring manual falling in addition to rocky bluffs, unstable terrain, and lack of access. This study indicates that when harvest units on steep terrain are felled with mixed falling methods, timber fallers likely work on steeper slopes than the machine, and spend a larger proportion of work hours on steeper ground than the average slope of a harvest unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study investigated group differences and pre-post changes in knowledge, beliefs, and behavior by mandatory reporters and Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) survivor status for a CSA prevention training designed for the general public. Of the 8,114 study participants, 32% identified as having experienced CSA, and 77% indicated they were mandatory reporters for child abuse and neglect. Mandatory reporters had higher baseline knowledge about CSA than those who were not mandatory reporters and reported more CSA preventative behaviors. Mandatory reporters continued to have higher levels of knowledge following the training. Survivors of CSA also had higher baseline knowledge about CSA and preventative behavior scores than individuals who are not survivors of CSA. Unlike mandatory reporters, they experienced fewer increases in knowledge. At posttest, there was no evidence of a difference in knowledge between CSA survivors and non-CSA survivors. For items related to beliefs, mandatory reporters had higher baseline scores than other participants. However, they had smaller gains, so mandatory reporters and non-mandatory reporters had more similar beliefs related to CSA after the training. There were few differences between CSA survivors and non-survivors on baseline beliefs related to CSA, though CSA survivors reported greater increases in beliefs that CSA prevention is their responsibility and in the idea that they know what to do to prevent CSA. These results have significant results for the development and evaluation of trauma-informed prevention programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding tolerance for wildlife requires accounting for the multiple cognitive antecedents of this concept and its contextual factors. We examined whether direct experience was associated with four antecedent dimensions of tolerance for black bears (antipathy, connection, lethal control [damage], lethal control [danger to self, pets, and economics]), both directly and indirectly via risk perception, self-assessed knowledge, and factual knowledge. We collected data using intercept surveys at trailheads in western Oregon, United States (n = 210). Risk perception was most strongly related to antipathy (cost-related beliefs) and connection (benefit-related beliefs) toward black bears. Self-assessed knowledge was most strongly associated with an individual's assessment that bears are a nuisance (lethal control [damage] and a safety concern [danger to self, pets, and economics]). Direct experience was related to all four antecedents, whereas factual knowledge was not related to any dimension. Identifying drivers of tolerance can inform actionable recommendations that promote tolerance for wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal differences in the processes that transform precipitation into runoff are a common source of error in watershed models. For large watersheds, spatial disaggregation of the drainage area can improve efforts to model the precipitation-runoff relationship when the model employs physically explainable variables to represent horizontal and vertical variations in moisture fluxes and storages. The paper presents the conceptual structure of a hydroclimatic model that simulates the runoff process as four functionally discrete subsystems linked in series. Moisture inputs are routed through each subsystem employing environmentally dictated rules and readily available data. Dividing the basin into homogeneous subunits addresses the problem of horizontal heterogeneity. Residence times for two groundwater storage subsystems are calculated by an optimization algorithm included in the model. Modeled hydroclimatic characteristics for the Deschutes River Basin in Oregon illustrate the ability of the model to reveal important spatial and temporal differences in the runoff process. Sectors representing 20 percent of the basin area contribute 57 percent of modeled groundwater recharge and 61 percent of total modeled runoff for the watershed, but some other sectors make a relatively small quantitative contribution to basin runoff. Moisture exchange processes in the basin display explicit seasonal characteristics that explain the surprisingly large proportion of annual precipitation allocated to groundwater recharge and the dampening of the seasonal moisture input by the groundwater storages. This knowledge of the basin runoff process provides a rational basis for formulating water management strategies for the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the recent actions of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, Dr. Timothy Quill and the Hemlock Society's initiatives for legalizing physician assisted suicide for special cases in the states of Washington, Oregon and California, arguments for and against euthanasia and physician assisted suicide have grown into a substantial and impassioned debate. This paper outlines and analyzes salient issues within the controversy of legalizing physician assisted suicide for terminally ill patients. It highlights significant issues for state and federal policy formation and further suggests unique roles which medical social workers might play in developing and implementing a compassionate and reliable system for caring for the terminally ill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 1992, The (Portland) Oregonian announced it would no longer use sports team names that readers may find offensive, such as Redskins, Redmen, Indians, and Braves. Many journalists have criticized The Oregonian's decision, calling it an abandonment of the journalistic principles of objectivity and neutrality. This article addresses the ethical/political issues involved in the controversy through an examination of commentaries by journalists published in newspapers and public comments made by journalists critical of The Oregonian. After evaluating the explicit and implicit assumptions behind those criticisms of The Oregonian, a defense of the newspaper's decision that relies on more overtly political arguments than the paper's managers used will be offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This phenomenological study explores the experiences of Chinese international undergraduate students in the United States as they work through the complications of COVID-19 that are potentially intertwined with Sinophobia. By drawing on insights from critical race theory, especially the lens of racial trauma and trauma-informed care, the current study interprets four primary themes: (a) Paradox: Confusions about Racism in Academic Life; (b) Racially-Traumatic Incidences and Risk Factors in Social and Cultural Life; (c) Exodus: Burnout, Homesick, and the Dilemma; and (d) Determined Traumatic Symptoms: Insomnia, Nightmare, and Negative Memories. Noticeably, social justice issues such as isolation, exclusion, threats, and discrimination were present during the 2020 academic year. Therefore, the implications are explored through sociopsychological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]