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We investigate two research questions using a recent statewide transition from paper to computer-based testing: first, the extent to which test mode effects found in prior studies can be eliminated; and second, the degree to which online and paper assessments offer different information about underlying student ability. We first find very small mode effects for a more recent transition in Massachusetts. Second, we investigate the predictive evidence of validity for paper and online tests for predictions of future test scores and grades. We generally find minimal differences for the extent to which scores on paper tests can differentially predict future online versus paper test scores. Finally, online and paper test scores are similarly predictive of future grade point average. We conclude that the online test penalty can vary substantially by test and that extreme care should be taken when administering online tests to some students and paper tests to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article refers to: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nathan John and David Deuel, Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. (Peabody, Publishers Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019). 167 pp. Paper, $19.95. We, the Author, Editors and Publisher of Journal of Disability & Religion, have retracted the following book review: Sunil Kathramalla (2021) Nathan John and David Deuel, Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. (Peabody, Publishers Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019). 167 pp. Paper, $19.95., Journal of Disability & Religion, DOI: 10.1080/23312521.2021.1901639 The book review was mistakenly published as a duplicate of the below book reviews by the same author, and the author has agreed to retract. Kathramalla, S. (2020), John, Nathan and Deuel, David, eds. Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. Peabody, Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019. 167 pp. International Review of Mission, 109: 144–145. Kathramalla, S. (2019), Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. Asian American Theological Forum, 8. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted book review will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used as a color developer in thermal paper. Thermal paper is ubiquitous in daily life due to its use in cash register receipts, so opportunities for human contact abound. For this study, 10 blank cash register receipts were obtained from businesses in suburban Boston. BPA was extracted and analysis of concentration was performed using gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. In some receipts, BPA was not detected but in others it was as high as 19 mg for a 12-inch long receipt, which is in line with concentrations indicated in patents. This study is intended to highlight the potential for human exposure to BPA as well as the ease with which exposure may be reduced through the use of BPA-free thermal paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents titles and abstracts of papers submitted at a meeting held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1938. The paper "The Sequent Occupance of a Boston Suburban Community," presented by Edward A. Ackerman focuses on areas surrounding the Boston metropolitan district. The proximity of a large city market, plots of level land and fertile soil determine the existence of these suburban fanning communities. The article "The Recession of Victoria Falls," by Wallace W. Atwood. The world famous falls on the Zainbesi have had a strange and remarkable history in recession. The gorge is serpentine with many curious off-shoots, and located on the floor of a broad and much older flat-bottomed valley. Today the water tumbles over a ledge, fully a mile in length, and into a very narrow chasm 350 ft. deep.

Presents several abstracts of research on specimen mineralogy that were presented at the 30th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium. "Mineralogy of the Kimberlites From New York State," by M. Lupulescu; "Mineralogy of the Hiddenite and Emerald Vein Assemblage, Hiddenite, North Carolina," M. A. Wise, A. J. Anderson and R. L. Isaac; "Diopside From the Atwater Quarry Area, Westfield, Massachusetts," by W. Shelton, G. W. Robinson, D. Burgess and D. Levine.

A list of papers relating to Ming topics presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) on March 11-14, 1999 in Boston, Massachusetts is presented, including "The Cultural Uses of the Ming Erotic Novella," by Richard G. Wang, "Lyric Complex in the Early Qing Scholar-Beauty Romance," by Chi Xiao, and "Audible and Visible Body in Ancient China," by Jane Geaney.

The article reports that "The Journal of Experimental Science" hosts a series of papers from presentations given at the Nano Science and Technology Institute (NSTI) Nanotech Conference and Trade Show held in Boston, Massachusetts. The authors of the papers were invited to contribute to the Journal.

Questionnaire data from 137 panel chairs at the 2003 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences meeting in Boston reveal respondent perceptions of the conference site, overall impressions of the conference, as well as panelist attendance, and the quality of information presented by panelists. The findings reveal high marks for the conference space, hotel rooms, and the city of Boston itself, resulting in an overall positive conference experience, but responses also highlight several areas of concern, including panelist attendance problems and presentation etiquette. Recommendations are provided, which may foster positive, incremental change at future ACJS annual meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to derive minimization algorithms based on the Nesterov accelerated gradient flow [Y. Nesterov, Gradient methods for minimizing composite objective function. Core discussion paper, (2007). Available at ; Y. Nesterov, A method of solving a convex programming problem with convergence rate $ \mathcal {O}(1/k^2) $ O (1 / k 2). In Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 269, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1983, pp. 543–547; Y. Nesterov, Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization: A basic course, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, 2004.] to compute the ground state of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which can potentially include a fractional laplacian term. A comparison is developed with standard gradient flow formulations showing that the Nesterov accelerated gradient flow has some interesting properties but at the same time finds also some limitations due to the nature of the problem. A few simulations are finally reported to understand the behaviour of the algorithms and open the path to further complicate questions that require more advanced studies concerning the application of the Nesterov accelerated gradient flow to nonlinear Schrödinger equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America in Cambridge, Massachusetts was founded in 1943 when Radcliffe College, Cambridge, accepted the Woman's Rights Collection (WRC) . The WRC documents several woman's suffrage organizations and includes the papers of Maud Wood Park and other women active in the women rights movement. But it does not end with 1920, the year the federal suffrage amendment was ratified, and it includes the library's first labor collection, papers of Frances Perkins, U.S. Secretary of Labor, 1933-45, and the first woman in the Cabinet. Thus despite the emphasis on suffrage and women's political and legal rights, labor issues, from the beginning have been an integral part of the Schlesinger Library. At about the time the WRC arrived at Radcliffe, president Wilbur K. Jordan and Professor Arthur M. Schlesinger, of the Harvard University's history department decided to make it the centerpiece of a growing research library on women, rather than a static memorial to the suffrage movement. Soon after, in December 1945, another major labor collection arrived, the papers of Leonora O'Reilly. O'Reilly's papers make up one major series in the micropublication, "The Papers of the Women's Trade Union League and Its Principal Leaders," a project sponsored by the Schlesinger Library, edited by Edward T. James, and published by Research Publications Inc. in 1981.

Reports on the presentation of the Taylor and Francis Group Ltd. Award for Excellence in Research in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Recognition of the best paper on a venture capital topic presented at the annual Babson College-Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Research Conference; Procedure for choosing the prize-winning paper; Names of the winners for the 2003 awarding.

Accurately segmenting roads is challenging due to substantial intra-class variations, indistinct inter-class distinctions, and occlusions caused by shadows, trees, and buildings. To address these challenges, it is crucial to simultaneously pay attention to important texture details and perceive global geometric context information. Recent research has shown that CNN-Transformer hybrid structures outperform using CNN or Transformer alone. CNN excels at extracting local detail features and Transformer naturally has the ability to perceive global context information. In this paper, we propose a dual-branch network module called ConSwin, which combines the advantages of ResNet and Swin Transformer for better road information extraction. Taking ConSwin as the basic encoding module, we build an hourglass-shaped network with an encoder-decoder structure. In order to better transfer texture and structural detail information between the encoder and decoder, we also design two novel connection blocks. We conduct comparative experiments on the Massachusetts and CHN6-CUG datasets, and the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of overall accuracy, IOU, and F1 metrics. Other experiments verify the effectiveness of our method, while visualization results demonstrate its ability to obtain better road representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to use eye-tracking emulation software to understand and forecast the human responses to signage and directional cues in Massachusetts, USA. Using eye-tracking emulation software, this study measured the unconscious visual responses people are projected to have to designs and layouts in new built environments, focusing on what makes streets most walkable. The study found differences between the way the brain takes in conventional automobile-oriented residential developments versus new urbanist layouts, with the former lacking key fixation points. The study's discoveries explain why new urbanist layouts promote walking effortlessly and conventional automobile-oriented residential developments cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sociotechnical systems perspective offers intriguing and potentially valuable insights into problems associated with workplace safety. While formal sociotechnical systems thinking originated in the 1950s, its application to the analysis and design of sustainable, safe working environments has not been fully developed. To that end, a Hopkinton Conference was organised to review and summarise the state of knowledge in the area and to identify research priorities. A group of 26 international experts produced collaborative articles for this special issue ofErgonomics, and each focused on examining a key conceptual, methodological and/or theoretical issue associated with sociotechnical systems and safety. In this concluding paper, we describe the major conference themes and recommendations. These are organised into six topic areas: (1) Concepts, definitions and frameworks, (2) defining research methodologies, (3) modelling and simulation, (4) communications and decision-making, (5) sociotechnical attributes of safe and unsafe systems and (6) potential future research directions for sociotechnical systems research. Practitioner Summary:Sociotechnical complexity, a characteristic of many contemporary work environments, presents potential safety risks that traditional approaches to workplace safety may not adequately address. In this paper, we summarise the investigations of a group of international researchers into questions associated with the application of sociotechnical systems thinking to improve worker safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School closings in response to COVID-19 reduced the opportunity for students to engage in all learning including career and technical education (CTE). As a result of the COVID-19 disruption student opportunities for work-based learning and completion of hours required for professional certification was severely reduced. The absence of these experiences had the potential to create disruptions in the skill and experience accumulation for youth and their transition to the labor market. Prior research demonstrated that CTE training and certifications in high school improve earnings and employment outcomes for students, particularly those from marginalized communities. This paper uses administrative data from Massachusetts to investigate whether COVID-19 disruptions differentially influenced outcomes for CTE students relative to non-CTE students. We find graduation rates fell for all students, but students in specialized CTE high schools experienced smaller declines. These smaller differences were apparent for CTE students from lower-income families and those with disabilities. In contrast, students in large cities where the influence of COVID-19 was elevated fared less well, even among CTE participants. In contrast to educational attainment, graduating seniors continued earning industry credentials comparably to pre-COVID-19 rates. This work illuminates how the pandemic disrupted youth transitions to adulthood, particularly in marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, the State of Massachusetts enacted a law known as the 'Right to Repair' requiring automakers to share vital vehicle information and data with consumers and small auto repair shops for maintenance and repair purposes. This paper assesses the impact of this law on the number and percentage of small repair shops in the state. The results of a synthetic control and a difference-in-differences analysis show that the law led to increases in the number and market share of small auto repair shops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-to-speech options on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices are limited. Often, several individuals in a group setting use the same synthetic voice. This lack of customization may limit technology adoption and social integration. This paper describes our efforts to generate personalized synthesis for users with profoundly limited speech motor control. Existing voice banking and voice conversion techniques rely on recordings of clearly articulated speech from the target talker, which cannot be obtained from this population. Our VocaliD approach extracts prosodic properties from the target talker's source function and applies these features to a surrogate talker's database, generating a synthetic voice with the vocal identity of the target talker and the clarity of the surrogate talker. Promising intelligibility results suggest areas of further development for improved personalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the course `Drugs in the Nervous System' aimed at getting college students to think critically and creatively about science. Course at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts; Project-based, student-centered approach; Focus on students exploring primary literature; Development of variety of skills for scientific work.

Background/Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that people who are arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol are more likely to screen positive for psychiatric disorders than the general population. Additionally, psychiatric comorbidity has been shown to increase vulnerability to criminal re-offense. However, DUI programs face many barriers to screening for psychiatric disorders. This paper evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of a screening tool developed for these programs, the Computerized Assessment and Referral System (CARS) Screener. Methods: We used data from 381 DUI offenders in Massachusetts, as well as a secondary data source, the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R: N = 9,282) to examine the accuracy of the CARS Screener when compared to full assessment. Results: Based on both sets of analyses, we found that the CARS Screener offers a sensitive and specific method to screen for many psychiatric disorders. Specifically, the CARS Screener has a high sensitivity and specificity for bipolar disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, depressive disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol and drug use disorders, gambling disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and social phobia. Conclusion: The CARS Screener appears to be an effective tool that will help DUI programs better understand and address the mental health issues facing their clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses an intractable problem: how to energy-upgrade the existing residential housing stock on a large scale, potentially saving up to 30% of all greenhouse gas emissions? The paper focuses on the USA, with a case study in Worcester, Massachusetts. To address this problem we conceptualise the residential housing stock as a socio-technical system, with as main elements technology, professional knowledge and know-how, formal institutions, markets and the key actors within each. The analysis demonstrates the interconnectedness of the elements and sub-elements of the system, the need to affect change in all of them, identifies homeowners (consumers) and local authorities as the most difficult to change, and suggests that both technological and social innovation – including grassroots activism and multistakeholder collaboration – is needed. We conceptualise housing retrofitting projects as small-scale niche experiments and as grassroots innovations. In this paper we describe an experiment in Worcester, Massachusetts, in which the vision of the project – as community development – was produced by a coalition (WoHEC) of many local actors. This project illustrates both the potentials of our proposed framework in terms of grassroots innovations and socio-technical experiments and its limitations: learning among stakeholders is often slow and ineffective. More research is needed to refine the conceptual framework and to make it applicable to both grassroots innovations and municipal projects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Articulating the 'magic' of the child treatment process has confounded clinicians for years. The work of the Boston Change Process Study Group has contributed to the beginnings of our understandings and articulation of the nonverbally articulated processes in reatment: the 'something more'. The child papers under discussion are considered in light of the contributions of the BSG. This discussion focuses on emergent transformative moments in the dyadic, bidirectional and interactively regulated treatment process between child patient and adult analyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents one of the papers discussed at the convocation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the impact of science on human activity held on April 1, 1949. It is said that because of science, the western world no longer possesses the sense of common values which gave coherence to human activities in earlier ages. In this paper, the author examines some of the spiritual implications of the commitment of the scientist on his program of dealing with the universe and considers some of the consequences of the new insights which have been acquired in carrying out the program thus far.

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic studies of HIV/AIDS interventions are important for providing cost-effective care. This paper presents a costeffectiveness study of a three-arm clinical trial conducted at Tufts University School of Medicine/New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts that treated 50 patients with AIDS wasting from March 1998 through January 2001. This study compared the costs and impacts of a nutritional counseling intervention alone (NC arm), the nutrition intervention with oxandrolone (OX arm), and the nutrition intervention with progressive resistance training (PRTarm) for the treatment of AIDS wasting. The cost of each intervention was derived for both the three-month clinical trial and a six-month estimated community model (ECM), its projected adaptation to community-based medical care. The cost determination involved obtaining and multiplying unit economic costs and quantities expended of each resource within each study arm. The ECM average cost per client in the cost-effectiveness analysis incorporated both institutional and societal perspectives. The costeffectiveness analysis compared the cost of each intervention to its quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gain (Zeckhauser and Shepard, 1976). From a societal perspective, for the NC arm, the cost per client totaled $983 for the actual and $596 under the ECM. For the OX arm, the cost per client totaled $3,772 for the actual study and $3,385 under the ECM. For the PRT arm, the cost per client totaled $3,189 for the actual study and $2,987 under the ECM. Under the societal perspective the cost per QALY was $55,000 (range: $51,000 to $83,000) for the NC arm, $151,000 (range: $149,000 to $171,000) for the OX arm, and $65,000 (range: $44,000 to $104,000) for the PRTarm. When using only an institutional perspective, the cost per QALY was $45,000 (range: $42,000-$64,000) for the NC arm, $147,000 (range: $147,000 to $163,000) for the OX arm, and $31,000 ($21,000 to $44,000) for the PRTarm. This paper shows that cost and cost-effectiveness analyses can be adapted to a community setting by combining information from community practice and costs with data from a randomized trial. Compared to other AIDS treatments, such as highly active antiretroviral therapies, all three interventions were affordable, but their cost-effectiveness was intermediate. Oxandrolone was the least cost effective of the interventions, even compared to nutrition alone, as it included similar or somewhat greater costs for less of an increase in quality of life. PRT was the most cost-effective treatment for AIDS wasting, particularly from an institutional perspective. Third party payers should consider coverage of PRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a conceptual critique of 'smart growth', an increasingly popular urban redevelopment strategy, as an economic development policy. It seeks to do this in two ways. First, an argument is made for how the smart growth movement is linked to more broad discourses of economic development. Second, through an urban political ecology analysis, it is suggested that smart growth, through the lens of the environment, reveals an uneven distribution of benefits among people affected by smart growth developments. This is because smart growth itself is embedded in a particular historical construction of environment. To explore these issues the author focuses on the Blackstone River and Canal, the site of a new smart growth development, in New England's third largest city of Worcester, Massachusetts. The Blackstone case presented here is exemplary in that it so clearly reflects the evolution of regional capitalist development, including the current one. Moreover, these periods, once past, are not relegated to the dustbins of history; rather they inform the next round of development. The case study below will thus reveal how these histories have, circuitously, played a role in the rationalization for the redevelopment of the canal as a smart growth project as well as elucidate the implications for the winners and losers of smart growth. The paper concludes with some thoughts on how we might, in practical terms, unlock the progressive potential of this development paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three existing areas of research activity are addressed: (1) the local gendering of entrepreneurship; (2) gendered relationship between institutions and resource mobilization in place; and (3) gendered spaces of engagement. Looking through the lens of geography, a case study involving interview data from loan officers in Worcester, Massachusetts in the US are used to examine how financial institutions and the perceptions of loan officers create differential access to financial resources for women entrepreneurs. The paper finds that loan officers localize the interconnections between lending rules and institutional structure to collectively inform a landscape of resource availability for women starting businesses. The paper confirms the notion that lending is gendered but the effects of this are spatially variable, which has implications for industry standard advice regarding the best lenders for business owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1998, when University College Northampton (UCN) selected WebBoard as its campus-wide virtual learning environment (VLE) and encouraged its adoption, e-learning became a central feature of the French Department's learning and teaching strategy. By September 2003, all the campus-focused modules in French had become VLE-resourced. In April 2004, we conducted a paper-based survey to measure our students' views on (1) ‘e-novation’ in general; and (2) computer-assisted language testing (CALT) in particular, with a view to (1) evaluating the French Department's e-ffectiveness; and (2) making student-informed decisions for 2004–2005. This paper concerns itself, initially, with the origins of e-learning in our French Department, the latter's evolving range of web-based learning offerings as well as the educational principles underpinning our e-learning strategy. It then presents selected results of our investigation and offers some tentative conclusions with regard to ‘e-ffectiveness’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the challenges of implementing an electronic reserves program which extends library services to off-campus distance education students. Case study using the University of Massachusetts-Amherst program; Project's context and history focusing on practicalities, problems and solutions in starting an electronic library reserves service; Issues integral to the service.

Focuses on the experience of the librarians at the Simmons College Libraries in Boston, Massachusetts as they integrated active learning strategies into the library instruction program for first year students. Library tour; Game of library jeopardy; Participation in the research process during workshops; Measurement of the success of the program through anecdotal evidence and reviews of student's research paper bibliographies.

Editorial. Introduces the experimental psychology-related articles discussed at the 1994 International Conference on Working Memory held in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Evidence on control and coordination in working memory; Short-term memory for object location in visual arrays.

The extinction of intracity competition among daily newspapers in the U.S. has increasingly caused concern. Between 1923 and 1978, the percentage of cities supporting more than one daily newspaper has descended. It is feared that the monopolies that large metropolitan newspapers are achieving will eventually destroy competition from suburban newspapers. This article presents a case study test of umbrella competition for circulation in a directly competitive metropolitan newspaper markets, the Boston standard metropolitan statistical area in Massachusetts.

ObjctivesSelf-rated health (SRH) is an important indicator of overall health, predicting morbidity and mortality. This paper investigates what individuals incorporate into their self-assessments of health and how acculturation plays a part in this assessment. The relationship of acculturation to SRH and whether it moderates the association between indicators of health and SRH is also examined. DesignThe paper is based on data from adults in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, living in the greater Boston area (n=1357) mean age 57.2 (SD = 7.6). We used multiple regression analysis and testing for moderation effects. ResultsThe strongest predictors of poor SRH were the number of existing medical conditions, functional problems, allostatic load and depressive symptoms. Poor SRH was also associated with being female, fewer years of education, heavy alcohol use, smoking, poverty, and low emotional support. More acculturated Puerto Rican adults rated their health more positively, which corresponded to better indicators of physical and psychological health. Additionally, acculturation moderated the association between some indicators of morbidity (functional status and depressive symptoms) and SRH.Self-assessments of overall health integrate diverse indicators, including psychological symptoms, functional status and objective health indicators such as chronic conditions and allostatic load. However, adults' assessments of overall health differed by acculturation, which moderated the association between health indicators and SRH. The data suggest that when in poor health, those less acculturated may understate the severity of their health problems when rating their overall health, thus SRH might thus conceal disparities. Using SRH can have implications for assessing health disparities in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Massachusetts experience of health care reform before the Affordable Care Act of 2010 reveals a moral economy of care in which expanded access was met by neoliberal demands for accountability and cost control. Publicly subsidized health insurance programs in the U.S. are deeply concerned with managing and regulating low-income residents’ access to and coverage for medications. By focusing our attention on the new forms of social relations invoked by specific techniques of governing, analyses of accountability can help us understand the ways in which subjectivities are shaped through their encounters with overarching social and economic structures. This paper presents qualitative findings from a four-year, prospective study that combined two waves of survey and chart-based data collection with four qualitative methods. Medicaid patients are made accountable to their medication regimens as they must track their supply and obtain refills promptly; regular blood tests carried out by health care providers verify their adherence. Both patients and their physicians are subject to cost savings measures such as changing lists of covered medications. Finally, patients struggle to pay ever-increasing out-of-pocket costs for their medications, expenses which may keep patients from taking their medications as prescribed. The fraught relationship between trust, accountability, and verification finds emphatic expression in the moral economy of health care, where the vulnerability of the sick and their hope for a cure confront policies designed to hold down costs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The World Health Organization describes menstruation management as "using a clean menstrual management material to absorb or collect menstrual blood that can be changed in privacy as often as necessary." The menstrual equity policy landscape in the United States, specifically pertaining to the needs of students in public schools, has gained considerable traction within the past decade. Since 2017, 16 states in the United States have signed legislation mandating the provision of menstrual products to public school students. This study explored the experiences of students from a public high school in Massachusetts where there is currently no state policy. The research is driven by the following questions: (1) How do students at the high school manage menstruation while at school? (2) How do students describe the impact of menstruation upon their physical and mental health and their participation in school-related activities? To address these questions, this study utilizes qualitative data, including student focus groups and interviews. Both focus groups and interviews were audio recorded with permission and analyzed using AtlasTI software. The researcher noted and incorporated themes and questions in an iterative and emergent manner. In total, three focus groups were conducted; one consisted of a group of five seniors and the following two included 10th-grade students. The researcher also conducted a total of 11 student interviews. This study ultimately finds that a lack of menstrual management support for high school students may be creating and perpetuating a condition in which students experience social, even academic, exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of place in the reform efforts of two teachers who established Miss White's Home School in Concord, Massachusetts (USA). Flora and Mary White rebelled against the prevailing industrial model of instruction in tax-supported schools where they taught. As a solution, they moved to Concord a nonconformist town with a literary and historical heritage where they founded a private day and boarding school within the child-centred ideals of progressive education. Their experience, and the link between school and town, highlight the significance of the writing of Edward Casey, Doreen Massey, and bell hooks on the role of place in the search for identity and the relationship between place and home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A companion paper in a previous issue of Managing Leisure suggested that crowding, litter, and waiting time to get a use permit were among the variables important in defining a high-quality off-road vehicle (ORV) experience at Cape Cod National Seashore (Cape Cod). Potential standards of quality - the minimum acceptable condition for these indicator variables - are addressed in this paper. Data to help formulate standards were collected during the 2005 summer-use season by asking visitors to evaluate narrative/numeric questions describing a range of visitor-caused impacts or photographic simulations depicting such impacts. Responses to survey questions suggest that between 12.0 and 33.2 ORVs per 0.16 km are appropriate for the ORV route, depending on what evaluative dimension (i.e., 'preference', 'acceptability', 'management action', or 'displacement') is considered. Maximum litter densities of 4.0-56.8 pieces of litter per 225 m2 area and a maximum waiting time to receive an ORV-use permit of 58 min to 11 h, 37 min are appropriate, again depending on the evaluative dimension considered. The normative data developed in this study can be used to help formulate standards of quality, enhance understanding of the ORV experience, and guide the management of high-quality ORV recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the design and analysis of the Annisquam River Bridge railing to satisfy the requirements of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 Test Level 3. Design of a previously accepted Minnesota Test Level 3 bridge railing was used as the starting point. A baseline finite-element model of a crash-tested Minnesota bridge railing is developed and validated against the full-scale crash test results, using the non-linear dynamic finite-element program LS-DYNA. After validating the baseline model, a series of finite-element simulation studies are performed to evaluate the crashworthiness of six design alternatives. A separate resistance analysis was also performed using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' Load and Resistance Factor Design (AASHTO LRFD) procedure to verify the adequacy of the final Annisquam Bridge railing design in satisfying NCHRP Report 350 Test Level 3 requirements. Results of the LRFD resistance analysis support the LS-DYNA predictions. This project used a finite-element model that was validated based on a crash test and then used to extrapolate the design to an untested condition. Another novel feature of this research is the comparison of the finite-element-based design in comparison to the AASHTO LRFD procedure. As shown in the paper, the two methods result in essentially identical results. Based on the study results, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued an acceptance letter allowing the use of Annisquam Bridge railing design on the National Highway System in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Boston Change Process Study Group (BCPSG) has consistently and incisively explicated child development literature in its relationship to a theory of change in adult psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. This paper assesses some central aspects of their work. We highlight several themes that we believe are relevant to the issues that the BCPSG has raised. As a main point we note the manner in which the BCPSG bifurcates theoretical models. We maintain that this type of bifurcation is not justified by the data they cite. After summarizing their assumptions, we examine some of the empirical evidence that they mention and contend that this evidence can be interpreted in several different ways. We try to show that the infant research they cite supports a contemporary Freudian position as well the position advocated by the BCPSG. We offer a model that we believe reflects greater continuity in theoretical and clinical concepts. In this paper we also offer a critique of a clinical case the BCPSG has stated illustrates their theoretical-clinical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that engagement and retention are key components for the delivery of successful health care for HI V-positive individuals. Many social workers are often frustrated with the difficulty in forming and maintaining sup- port groups; however, some providers have greater success. This paper illustrates and discusses an innovative support group for HI V-positive women in central Massachusetts. The purpose of this paper is to describe the context, formation, and functioning of the group,followed by a deconstruction analysis. In addition, the paper will build on this innovative method of support group work by suggesting ad- ditional women-engaging themes, activities, and tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some instructional practices concerning the non-optimal uses of video, films and other mass media in the K–12 classroom. Based on a six-year process of observing and interviewing teachers regularly in two school districts in Massachusetts, USA, this paper presents a typology of seven common patterns of non-optimal media use, instructional practices that diminish or weaken the value of film and video viewing as a learning tool. A telephone survey was conducted with a purposive sample of 130 middle-school and high-school teachers to provide additional evidence concerning teacher perceptions of the frequency of their colleagues' non-optimal use of video. Teachers in the USA report that their colleagues frequently use media for non-educational purposes, including to fill time, to keep students quiet, as a break from learning, or as a reward for good behavior. The implications of non-optimal media use are considered in light of renewed interest in integrating media literacy into K–12 instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though offshore wind power projects provide renewable energy and do not produce air pollutants, they can negatively impact the environment during construction and operation. Moreover, wind power projects can interfere with other uses of coastal resources. Newspapers could play an important role in facilitating informed public debate concerning specific proposals and offshore wind power generally. This article focuses on the newspaper coverage of a proposal for an offshore wind power development in Massachusetts. The author analyzed 110 newspaper articles, editorials, and op/ed pieces on the proposal that appeared in three newspapers. The analysis showed that the papers did a poor job covering most environmental, social, and regulatory issues. Among other things, the analysis also showed that the papers relied heavily on cultural models that deal with contests to frame their stories and failed to draw on the expertise of nearby research institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-use initiatives represent a potentially effective tool for coping with the kinds of mobility pattern that North American cities faced in the 1990s and still face in the present century. As fine-grained data about land use and travel activity become available, they provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of the linkage between land use and transport. This paper examines in detail the neighbourhood characteristics that could affect mode choice on the work and non-work tour. Neighbourhood characteristics include land use, network and accessibility-related characteristics which are quantified through the use of geographical information systems (GIS). Ultimately, such measures could be used in conjunction with detailed surveys of travel behaviour to specify, calibrate and use models of modal choice and residential choice that are more sensitive to the fine-grained spatial structure of neighbourhoods and transport corridors in metropolitan areas. Micro-level data for the Boston metro area, together with a 1991 activity survey of approximately 10 000 residents, provide a rich empirical basis for experimenting with relevant neighbourhood measures and for simulating the effects on travel behaviour. We find that spatial characteristics do affect mode choice, both for the relatively (spatially) restricted non-work tour and the work tour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of Schumpeter's "lost" seventh chapter—with the holistic and Faustian title "The economy as a whole", so typical of the German economic tradition—again raises the question of the ''duality'' in Schumpeter's economic thinking: On the one hand Schumpeter's typical ''Germanic'' approach, emphasizing dynamics, technical change and the entrepreneur, on the other hand his admiration for the mechanical economics of Walras. This paper attempts to explain Schumpeter's duality—his "schizophrenia"—by placing his work in the context of two different canons of economic thought, the standard mainstream canon (the ordnende and passivist-materialist tradition in Werner Sombart's terms) and what we have labelled "The Other Canon" (the verstehende and activist-idealist tradition in Sombart's terminology). The paper attempts to show that in the light of the now almost extinct Other Canon of economics, Schumpeter appears far less original than what he does to today's mainstream. It is argued that while the Harvard Economics Department during Schumpeter's tenure there moved away from the Other Canon type economics, Schumpeter found ample support and research activity in this alternative canon of economics at Harvard Business School. The paper explores the possible influences and similarities of thought on Schumpeter from three economists associated with Harvard Business School: Herbert Somerton Foxwell, Edwin Gay and Fritz Redlich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1960s, the growth of high technology industries in Boston's Route 128 region has attracted the attention of academics, planners and politicians. What was especially remarkable about the region was the capability of its economic base to recover from major structural crises. Owing to this ability, the region is often looked at as being an American example of an industrial district. In contrast to Silicon Valley, however, Boston does not readily fit into the definition of an industrial district because of the dominance of large, vertically-integrated producers and the proprietary nature of high technology production. In the late 1980s, Boston was hit by an additional structural crisis when the minicomputer industry lost its competitive basis and defence expenditures were drastically reduced. As a result, almost 50000 high technology manufacturing jobs were cut between 1987 and 1997. This paper aims to identify the forces behind the region's economic recovery in the mid-1990s and relate these findings to the discussion of the importance of collective learning processes in industrial production and the development of localized competencies. In the literature, it is argued that firm-specific competencies and learning processes can lead to a regional competitive advantage if they are based on localized capabilities (e.g. specialized resources, skills, conventions and institutions). The author will demonstrate in an explorative way that the economic recovery of the Boston region is related to a number of specific forces that differ greatly between the subsectors of the high technology economy. I will also provide tentative evidence of how the willingness to co-operate and engage in interactive learning processes has encouraged economic recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts is the site of a survey course on medical informatics. Medical librarians have been attending this course with other health professionals for ten years. The purpose of this paper is to offer a description of the setting and synopsis of salient points from a few of the lectures. Hopefully, remarks made in this paper will encourage librarians to apply for the National Library of Medicine grant, which supports the course. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Urban restructuring policies have uprooted residents and dismantled communities. Previous studies focus on housing redevelopment that minimizes the fraction of housing units left for poor residents and on interviewing residents only once the redevelopment has been announced. By contrast, this paper examines how residents over time experienced the HOPE VI redevelopment of the Orchard Park public housing project in Boston, which sought to preserve a low-income community. Using official records and a unique set of interviews with residents before and after redevelopment, we find marked declines in crime and increased residential satisfaction, which are attributed to changes in tenant composition. The redevelopment process reduced the total number of public housing units yet maintained the vast majority of housing for poor families while creating a new social mix. The findings suggest that to more fully capture the impacts of restructuring, existing theory must be expanded to consider who is displaced and how poverty is deconcentrated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores changes to the educational policy-making arena through case study analysis of a Massachusetts law passed in 2012 that limits seniority-based job protections for public K-12 teachers. I use data from interviews with policy stakeholders, observations of public meetings, and policy artifacts to explore struggles over democratic engagement in what unfolded as a highly undemocratic policy development process. Using the policy cycle framework, I explore the ways that political pressure and political discourses shaped the policy development process through various contexts of political struggle. Ultimately, I argue that the case is indicative of what I am calling ‘neo-democratic’ decision-making, in which high-level interest group conflict leads to narrow forms of democratic engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]