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Using data from the 2001 Census Special Migration Statistics, this paper explores ethnic variations in the propensity to migrate, the effectiveness of net migration in redistributing ethnic populations, and the connectivity between places that results from ethnic migration. London has by far the largest concentration of ethnic minority populations in Great Britain and plays a key role in the national internal migration system. By decomposing the net migration balances of boroughs into those within and across London's outer metropolitan boundary, the paper reveals different spatial processes of decentralisation and dispersal as well as centralisation when comparing ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a theoretical insight into bank regulation and the process of internationalisation by examining the concepts of regulatory push and market pull within the context of Japanese bank entry into London during the 1980s. Rugman and Verbeke's [(1998). Corporate strategy and international environmental policy. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(4), 819-833] Consistency of Home and Host Government Goals model is utilised to structure the discussion, which centres on a situation where there is a conflict of goals between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the home government but goal alignment between MNEs and the host government. As such the paper examines a relatively under-researched aspect of internationalisation and concludes that in certain circumstances internationalisation can occur despite great 'psychic distance'. The paper also argues that although bank regulation can lead to a conflict situation it can also be conducive to the development of a strong home base and the development of firm specific advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If Paris was the undisputed proving ground for late-nineteenth-century American artists, what was London? For most Beaux Arts-trained painters and sculptors with Anglo roots, London played a formative role in international reputation building, even if a 'second city' one. While Dublin-born Augustus Saint-Gaudens had a British presence, especially at the end of his career, it was not deliberately cultivated. This paper examines an unusual case: Saint-Gaudens' indifferent relationship with England, despite high-society patrons, several exhibition appearances and his election as an honorary foreign member of the Royal Academy of Arts in 1906. Instead, it was his English and American colleagues - all international cosmopolites - who put Saint-Gaudens forth as the model American sculptor on London's stage, serving as his press agents, handlers and business managers. What were their motivations for introducing Saint-Gaudens to an English audience? And why was Saint-Gaudens largely recalcitrant, unswayed by the 'American Anglomania' that captivated his countrymen? In this paper, I focus on Saint-Gaudens' interactions with several leading London-based arts figures in order to place England in the context of his overall career. His critical champion, Richard Watson Gilder, editor of Century Magazine, was responsible for the sculptor's earliest connections with English artists and literati, including writer Edmund Gosse, who served as the Century's London agent. Saint-Gaudens thus became acquainted with Gosse's great friend, Hamo Thornycroft, who promoted his work and reputation for twenty-five years. Through American painter Will Low, Saint-Gaudens met Robert Louis Stevenson, and in 1887 modelled his portrait in New York. Sidney Colvin, Stevenson's editor and keeper of prints and drawings at the British Museum, was a second major force in promoting Saint-Gaudens in England. In 1894, Colvin allowed his superb Stevenson cast (Tate Britain) to be exhibited at the Summer Exhibition of the New Gallery. The same year Saint-Gaudens was awarded the commission for the Stevenson Memorial (dedicated 1904) for St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, with Colvin and Lord Rosebery among the 'elite and nobility' (as Saint-Gaudens put it) serving on the committee. The third avenue of exploration involves London-based American expatriates, particularly John Singer Sargent and James McNeill Whistler. They took great personal interest in constructing Saint-Gaudens' image as an ambassador of American sculpture in England. Their most frequent interactions took place after Saint-Gaudens returned to Paris in 1897 to complete the Sherman Monument (1892-1903, Grand Army Plaza, New York). Saint-Gaudens regularly visited London during the next three years, with Sargent immersing the sculptor into a collegial fraternity of artists. In 1898 Whistler spearheaded Saint-Gaudens' election as an honorary foreign member of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers; Saint-Gaudens exhibited only once - in 1898, although there was a posthumous display of seventeen works in 1909, negotiated through American-born Joseph Pennell, that was indifferently received by English critics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is part one of a two-part paper. The papers outline the research for designing an m-learning (mobile phone) financial education game to counter financial exclusion. The paper will explain what led the researchers to use an m-learning game and what is unique about the design of the game compared to other serious games. The researchers will present the results of their 18-month project called “Innovation in Inclusion”, which teaches financial education to secondary school children aged between 13 and 15 years old, but which can be extrapolated into any type of interactive or m-learning method of teaching at any age. This game tested the hypothesis that if you increase financial education you can decrease the chances of being financially excluded in the future, by ensuring the people undertaking the learning aims can make effective financial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the contributions of educationalist Harold Rosen on the early works of the London Association for the Teaching of English (LATE) in England. According to the author, Rosen has become a strong force in the success of LATE's activities as well as the daily activities of the organization. In addition, the author notes that the contribution of Rosen has inspired a lot of teachers to become effective example and provide a difference on educational development.

This paper examines the connections between American institutionalists and a number of 'non-Marshallian' British economists and social scientists, several of whom were associated with the Fabian Society or the London School of Economics or both. Specifically, the links between institutionalists such as Walton Hamilton and Wesley Mitchell and British social scientists such as John A. Hobson, Henry Clay, R.A. Tawney, William Beveridge and Graham Wallas. It is argued that these connections were related to common views on the importance of institutions, compatible methodological views, common interest in questions of social value, shared policy concerns (particularly unemployment and the coal industry), shared interests in the development of new institutions for education and research in economics and shared connections with the funding activities of the Rockefeller Foundation. These connections were much more extensive than has usually been realized. Some reasons for this British group not to form into a movement similar to American institutionalism are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights what psychoanalysis can add to discussions of reflexivity, by specifically describing how reflexivity is conceptualized and fostered on psychoanalytic observation methods courses at the Tavistock Clinic, London. It is demonstrated that this psychological form of reflexivity is relevant to empirical and conceptual work and shown that it shares interesting parallels with debates about reflexivity in social research methods, while also being able to contribute to discussions of what constitutes reflexivity and what kinds of methods course might facilitate it. Reflexivity is often discussed in relation to a researcher’s empirical work, but this paper argues that reflexivity is equally needed in relation to the academic context in which most research and learning takes place. This paper demonstrates how psychoanalytic approaches to learning stimulate a reflexive relation to empirical and conceptual work and it provides examples of reflexivity from a two‐year infant observation and a research project on romantic love (involving conceptual and biographical research). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how neo-liberal education policy change and urban renewal in inner Sydney and London has interacted with “raced” and classed educational identities. I draw on two examples of policy change, the Building the Future policy development in the inner city area of Sydney and the “Excellence in Cities” partnership programme in East London. The paper outlines, and applies, a spatial education policy sociology framework to explore the interplay of space, place, “race” and education policy. This paper suggests that in inner Sydney and London “whiteness” as a racial construct is present but noticeably absent and that this absent presence creates a “white veneer” around educational policy change and urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationships between sex, gender and sexuality through a series of close readings of data generated through an ethnography undertaken in a south London secondary school. The paper takes as its focus girls aged 15 to 16 and considers how particular sexed, gendered and sexualized selves are constituted. Drawing on Foucault's understanding of subjectivation and the subsequent work of Judith Butler, in particular her theorization of the inseparability of gender and sexuality in the contemporary discursive frame, these analyses demonstrate how students' mundane and day-to-day practices—including bodily deportment, physical games, linguistic accounts, and uses of clothing, hairstyles and accessories—are implicated in the discursive constitution of student subjectivities. The paper argues for an understanding of sex–gender–sexuality joined together in discursive chains and intersecting with further identity categories. As such, the paper suggests that subjectivities might helpfully be thought in terms of constituting constellations that create both possibilities and constraints for ‘who’ students can be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast food seems unequivocally at odds with any moves towards more sustainable food consumption. It is identified as a major contributor to obesity, health inequalities, and to environmental impacts through its production and distribution. However, this problematisation of fast food ignores its contribution to understandings of "living well", particularly for young people. This paper draws on data from an international project which explores how young people understand what makes for living well in cities. We focus on research with young people in Lambeth, London, exploring the role of food – specifically fast food practices – in their constructions of living well. Drawing on focus group interviews and photo diaries with young people aged 12–24, we highlight the enthusiasm inherent in discussions of fast food whereby it is constructed as easily accessible, inexpensive and attractive, whilst affording young people a degree of autonomy and agency. Fast food outlets are regarded as friendly, convenient, and safe social spaces, in a context where austerity cuts have reduced access to spaces specifically for young people. Further, consumption of fast food facilitates and legitimises young people's use of local streets and green spaces. Thus practices of fast food consumption might be understood to contribute to the ability to "live well" from the perspective of young residents. Making fast food less accessible to young people may be part of obesity and sustainable food strategies, but a broader wellbeing strategy is needed which is informed by understanding the valued social practices fast food currently affords young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender inequality remains a persistent challenge in workforces globally, with the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) workforce no exception. This paper aimed to investigate gender dynamics in the Indonesian government WASH workforce at national and subnational levels and evolve conceptual foundations for this type of study. The Gender at Work framework (Rao, A., J. Sandler, D. Kelleher, and C. Miller. 2016. Gender at Work: Theory and Practice for 21st Century Organizations. London: Routledge), provided a framing to support critical examination of power relations embedded in institutions and communities. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 52 government employees in the districts of Sumbawa and Manggarai and two national ministries. The findings identified four important themes which hinder or support gender equality in the Indonesian government WASH workforce: (a) career progression, continued education, and professional ambitions; (b) gender equality and gendered social dynamics in the workplace; (c) family and institutional support; and (d) gender-based violence and safety in the workplace. Our findings also generated insights on intersectional aspects, including people of different ethnic origins, pointing to the need to explicitly account for these in frameworks such as the Gender at Work framework. Through the identification and consideration of 'gendered substructures' this research provides a basis to promote greater equality in the WASH workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on ethnographic research on the experience of Slovak au pairs living and working in the London area. It attempts to connect three areas: theories related to visibility and social recognition, debates on cities as public places enabling political action, and paid domestic work. Focusing on a specific group of migrant domestic workers, I analyze how various aspects of being visible or invisible relate to the empowerment, disempowerment, and resistance of paid domestic workers. I demonstrate that host families invisibilize au pairs and their work in order to both diminish their role in children's lives and secure the myth of the exclusivity of the nuclear family. Au pairs counter this process of invisibilization by making themselves visible in their rooms and in the city. I interpret au pairs' usage of visibility and invisibility as enabling au pairs subtle gestures of resistance without openly challenging the inequalities of the au pair scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London's selection as hosts for the 2012 Olympic Games was a significant moment for Britain. It was a chance to reinforce, through sport, a collective and inclusive British national identity. Most international sporting contests draw on English rather than British loyalties and identity constructions. This might have been especially important for members of the large British Asian diaspora, many of whom feel excluded from ethnically exclusive and narrowly White notions of 'Englishness'. This paper is framed within a post-London 2012 period and examines the role of sport in constructing and negotiating British Asian national identities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young British Asians in two English cities. For those who rejected an English national identity through sport, the Games presented an opportunity to connect with a more inclusive British version of sporting allegiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of the Spaniards who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), and the inhabitants of the Spanish colonies in the New World, the forerunners of the struggles for independence in their respective countries. Both ended up settling in London, a city that served not only as a refuge but also as a place from which to disseminate their slogans in favour of freedom. Three areas are discussed: the publications of liberal Spanish exiles in London in the early nineteenth century, the interaction between Spanish and (Latin) American exiles and the role of women in this endeavour and in the cause of liberalism in general. The London press shaped this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism in Spain when the extreme censorship from which these exiled journalists had fled was finally lifted. We believe that this global approach offers an original perspective from which to highlight the role of women, with a view to filling the traditional historiographical lacuna in this regard. To this end, we have employed recent relevant literature and primary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed in the 9th and 10th of the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs which were held in Cambridge on August 25-30, and in London, England on September 3-7, 1962. The conference gathered 60 scientists from 18 countries. The papers presented by Western scientists and the statements emanating from the conferences have shown no evidence of partisan inspiration.

Proposals for greater community involvement in local governance run through much 'New Labour' policy. Studies suggest that often the performance criteria tied to participatory mechanisms act to discipline citizen voices. This paper considers the ways in which this political space might simultaneously enable citizens to appropriate governmental power to their own ends. It draws on empirical evidence, gathered during qualitative research in south-east London, to focus on contestations surrounding the way in which 'voices' are expressed. The paper highlights the role of practitioners as allies in struggles to counter policy-makers' expectations for citizens to speak the 'language' of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A satirical weekly paper called theGrub-Street Journal(GSJ1730–1737)offered an innovative approach to managing the flow of unverified and contradictory reports that accompanied the growth of newspapers in eighteenth-century London. Using the fictional persona of ‘Quidnunc’ (a contemporary term for news addicts), the editor Richard Russel compiled accounts of the same event from several newspapers and juxtaposed them on the page, thereby revealing their similarities and differences. Russel’s manual version of news ‘aggregation’ exposed errors and contradictions, but it also provided readers with details that would have otherwise required consulting several sources. Meanwhile, Quidnunc interjected ironic remarks, poking fun at the pretensions of news writers, politicians, and others. Anchored in the literary culture of its time, and drawing on learned traditions of textual editing, theGSJoffered readers an eighteenth-century version of media criticism through satire. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cityhas, from its inception, paid close attention to London, to the ‘World City’ or ‘Global City’ ideologies underwriting its concentration of wealth and of poverty and to challenges from among its citizens to the prevailing orthodoxy. This paper focuses on London's extreme experience of the housing crisis gripping the UK—itself the European nation with the fastest long-term growth of average house prices and widest regional disparities, both driven by overblown financialisation and the privileging of rent as a means of wealth accumulation, often by dispossession. Londoners’ experiences stem partly from four decades of neo-liberal transformation and partly from accelerated financialisation in the last two decades and are now being accelerated by the imposition of ‘austerity’ on low- and middle-income people. The social relationships of tenancy in social housing, private tenancy and mortgage-financed owner-occupation are, however, divisive and the paper ends by identifying what may be the beginning of a unified social movement, or at least a coalition, for change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper builds upon Colin McFarlane's 2011 call inCityfor an ‘assemblage urbanism’ to supplement critical urbanism. It does so by mapping the spatio-political contours of London's 21st-century housing crisis through the geophilosophical framework of Deleuze and Guattari'sA Thousand Plateaus([1980] 2013, London: Bloomsbury] and Hardt and Negri's analysis of the metropolis inCommonwealth(2009, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). The paper examines the Focus E15 housing campaign based around a group of young mothers in the East London borough of Newham. In 2013, the mothers were living in the Focus E15 foyer supported housing unit for young people in Newham, but they were subsequently threatened with eviction as a result of welfare cuts. After successfully contesting the mothers’ own prospective expulsion from the city, the campaign shifted to the broader struggle for ‘social housing not social cleansing’. The paper draws upon participant observation at campaign events and interviews with key members. The Focus E15 campaign has engaged in a series of actions which form a distinctive way of undertaking housing politics in London, a politics that can be understood using a Deleuzoguattarian framework. Several campaign actions, including temporary occupations, are analysed. It is argued that these actions have created ‘smooth space’ in a manner which is to an extent distinctive from many other London housing campaigns which are rooted in a more sedentary defensive approach based around the protection of existing homes and communities—‘our place’. It is such spatio-political creativity—operating as a ‘nomadic war machine'—which has given rise to the high-profile reputation of the Focus E15 campaigners as inspirational young women who do not ‘know their place’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper argues that gaining an effective perspective on the London housing crisis requires an understanding of what is happening at the highest levels of the real estate market (£2 million+). It is based on data collected over two and a half years (2013–15) of research amongst the London elites through the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) project ‘Life in the Alpha Territories: London's “Super-Rich” Neighbourhoods’. It unpacks terms such as ‘foreign investor’ and frames the specificity of London as a global city, as well as using ethnographic and interview data to understand how actors who impact upon the city understand their role themselves. Distinctions are drawn between those who buy houses in Mayfair to shore up capital and middle-class Chinese investors, who buy flats to rent them out as investments. It differentiates between different types of ‘empty’ houses, and also considers the impact of ‘old’ elite families selling up and moving out who also purchase properties for their children in areas adjacent to traditional ‘elite’ hotspots, creating further ripples of gentrification, price rises and unaffordability. Eschewing the facile conflations of the populist press, this paper shows how capital flows into London, resulting in a mix of misplaced and mismatched investment—fuelling the building of the wrong types of units at the wrong price points. The paper also examines how the underuse of land deeply affects London well beyond its traditionally elite and ‘prime’ areas. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue including one on continuing professional development (CPD) for early career science teachers in London, one on teachers' CPD experiences, and another on the value of an integrated evaluation processes in CPD.

A recent addition to the ARCH family of econometric models was introduced by Ding and co-workers wherein the power term by which the data is transformed was estimated within the model rather than being imposed by the researcher. This paper considers the ability of the Power GARCH class of models to capture the stylized features of volatility in a range of commodity futures prices traded on the London Metals Exchange (LME). The results of this procedure suggest that asymmetric effects are not generally present in the LME futures data. Further, unlike stock market data which is well described by the model, futures data is not as well described by the APGARCH model. Nested within the APGARCH model are several other models from the ARCH family. This paper uses the standard log likelihood procedure to conduct pairwise comparisons of the relative merits of each and the results suggest that it is the Taylor GARCH model which performs best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes the concepts of agonism and antagonism to further the existing analysis of active citizenship within local governance. At present, this relationship is taking place as housing stock increasingly becomes the subject of financialization. Embedded in this context, and with a particular focus on active citizenship's manifestation in estate redevelopment and how it moulds the interactions between citizen and state, I discuss how differing conceptions of the nature of active citizenship serve to create distrust and hostility throughout the redevelopment process, using the case study of the Cressingham Gardens estate in the London borough of Lambeth. Through conducting extensive qualitative research with state actors and estate residents, this study illustrates the mechanisms by which active citizenship that falls outside the remit deemed acceptable by the state is challenged on a live, contested site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nineteenth-century London was notorious for overcrowding, poor housing, and heavy air pollution. With a large proportion of its population living in conditions of poverty, diseases flourished as people were increasingly drawn to the industrialising centres of England in search of employment opportunities. Utilising historical documentary and skeletal evidence, this paper explores the impact of increasing urbanisation on non-adult (those aged 0–17 years) health, particularly in relation to exposure to a multitude of infectious diseases in circulation during this time. Focusing on the community of St Bride's Church, London, it highlights the greater susceptibility of infants and children to risk of severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, particularly amongst the lower classes. When considered against the socio-political, cultural and economic milieu of nineteenth-century London, this reveals how the multi-faceted process of urbanisation exacerbated ill-health, increased susceptibility to deadly infectious pathogens, and ultimately further marginalised its poorest inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses water security and wellbeing within a public health perspective and focuses on urban areas with high population density. It analyses access to safe water and the multiple challenges to water security in two megacities: São Paulo and London, comparing differences and similarities. It illustrates how water security and health are related to Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6): universal and equitable access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene, and SDG3: healthy lives and well-being for all, focusing on the problem exacerbated by the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, during 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a response to the paper by Manley and Johnston (2014, "London: A Dividing City, 2001–11?" City 18 (6): 633–643) which analyzed occupational class change in London 2001–14. While it queries some of their classifications, the census data show that middle class growth seems to have stalled in proportionate though not in absolute terms from 2001–11. However, this does not fundamentally challenge Hamnett and Butler's thesis that the middle classes, upper and lower, have grown substantially in London over the last 50 years as a result of changes in industrial and occupational structure. The paper discusses some of the possible reasons for changes in the last decade and reiterates the importance of using census data as a tool for the analysis of urban social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emerges from an ethnography of the economic and cultural life of Rye Lane, an intensely multi-ethnic street in Peckham, South London. The effects of accelerated migration into London are explored through the reshaping and diversification of its interior, street and city spaces. A ‘trans-ethnography’ is pursued across the compendium of micro-, meso- and macro-urban spaces, without reifying one above the other. The ethnographic stretch across intimate, collective and symbolic city spaces serves to connect how the restrictions and circuits of urban migration have different impacts and expressions in these distinctive but interrelated urban localities. The paper argues for a trans-ethnography that engages within and across a compendium of urban localities, to understand how accelerated migration and urban ‘super-diversity’ transform the contemporary global city. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Developing on Granovetter’s classic work on embeddedness in systems of social relations, this paper proposes the concept of ‘differentiated embedding’ to explore how migrants negotiate attachment and belonging as dynamic temporal, spatial and relational processes. When Poland joined the EU in May 2004, the large flow of migrants to the UK was perceived by many migration researchers as heralding a new form of transient mobility associated with short-term, temporary and circular migration, and high levels of transnationalism. Relatively little attention was paid to how these migrants were integrating in local contexts. Based on 20 in-depth interviews and network mapping with Polish migrants, resident in London for a decade, I examine why participants extended their stay and how their decisions were shaped by interpersonal relationships locally and transnationally. London as a ‘superdiverse’, global city offers place-specific opportunities for building networks and developing processes of embedding. Nonetheless, a focus on networks risks overlooking the wider structural context in which migrants live and work. Thus, I argue, there is a need for a differentiated concept to capture the nuanced interplay of structural, relational, spatial and temporal embedding. This concept not only captures multi-scalarity and multi-sectorality but also levels of belonging and attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Culture, i.e. our values, norms, beliefs, and expected behaviors, has a significant influence on all aspects of social behavior. In addition, the economic policy-making of governments has been shown to have a significant impact on financial markets. In this paper, for the first time, we combine these two findings to examine whether, and if so how, culture and economic policy uncertainty have an impact on style investing, and more specifically on the popular momentum investing. We also extend previous studies in that we employ additional cultural dimensions, rather than just individualism, such as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation (Hofstede [1980]. Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, [1991]. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill, [2001]. Culture's Consequences. 2nd ed. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, [2011]. "Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context." Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 2 (1): 1–26). Our results indicate a strong link between cultural dimensions, economic policy uncertainty, and momentum investing in international financial markets. We argue that this link is not affected by differences in the economic cycle, and/or global variables such as oil prices and global market-related uncertainty, and that apart from individualism, there are other cultural elements, which may influence momentum investing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most analysts, Brexit reveals the highly contingent power of finance and the clear limits to its ability to influence crucial policymaking outcomes. By contrast, I contend that UK-EU negotiations demonstrate the unique capacity of finance to secure substantial commercial protections relative to all other business sectors and that the structural sources of the City's political power remain exceptionally robust. Elaborating a notion of 'structural interdependence', the paper demonstrates how policy officials on both sides came to perceive that the future prosperity and stability of their economies relied upon maintaining open trading relations in financial services. This necessitated broad continuity in access to London's deep financial markets for EU firms and preservation of the City's leading role in the UK growth regime. In establishing these claims empirically, I document an extensive range of contingency measures designed throughout December 2018-April 2019 that would function to protect the financial industry from economic disruption in the event of a no-deal Brexit. The outcome illustrates how finance benefits from a form of structural power that does not require instrumental mobilisation, but rather shapes policy decisions on the basis of deeply entrenched and commercially vital cross-border financial entanglements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cristóbal Balenciaga is widely recognized as one of the leading twentieth century couturiers. His dynamic designs redefined fashionable silhouettes internationally. This paper will consider the impact of his designs in Britain, focusing upon how London wholesale couturiers copied, adapted and took inspiration from his garments. The majority of London wholesale couturiers' garments were copied or adapted from Parisian haute couture. They modified these designs to meet ready-to-wear manufacturing techniques, producing high-quality garments targeted at a middle-class consumer. By focusing on two silhouettes introduced in the late 1950s; the sack and baby doll, this paper discusses how these firms translated Balenciaga's designs. The sack, in particular, was rapidly adapted by London wholesale couturiers who managed to successfully modify it for the ready-to-wear market. By drawing on a range of source material, including original garments, newspaper and magazine editorials, this paper will evaluate how Balenciaga's design esthetic was translated by wholesale couturiers for consumption by a middle-class public in the 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent findings suggest that rooftop greenhouses could be more efficient when combined with waste streams in buildings, but there is a gap in quantification of the combined performance of building integrated greenhouses. This paper addresses this deficit for school buildings in London, UK, where urban agriculture is of increasing interest. A building energy simulation (BES) of an archetype school building is developed in EnergyPlus and co-simulated with a validated greenhouse energy simulator (GES). The performance of different greenhouse-building coupling configurations is evaluated to estimate the potential for crop growth, heat recovery and reduction in ventilation demand, through a sensitivity analysis and parametric study. Our results show that a 250 m 2 greenhouse on the top floor of the school could produce 6t lettuce with half the energy demand of the same standalone greenhouse. Trade-offs across increase in humidity, yields, and energy efficiency indicate the importance of modelling to ensure optimal designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the archive collection of the National Army Museum in London, England acquired from 1960-1985. Notable collections collected during 1960; Collections received in 1965; Description of the military manuscripts received from the Royal United Services Institution in 1968; Collection of papers, uniforms and photographs of British soldier Lord Roberts; Change in the pattern of archive acquisition after 1971.

This paper sets out a research agenda for using regulation theory to analyse local governance in the global city. It initially considers results from the 1991 census to explore social inequalities in London, and investigates how these differ from inequalities in other British metropolitan areas. The paper then looks at the changing nature of local governance in London, examining the notion of post-Fordist local governance as well as the idea of local governance in a post-Fordist society. Finally, the paper examines the ways in which the recent emergence of London as a global city articulates with the changing structures of governance. Whilst on the surface there appears to be a good fit between the restructuring of local governance and the globalisation of London's key economic sectors, the paper argues that there are both empirical and theoretical grounds for rejecting the claim that we are moving towards a new mode of regulation in the global city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper diachronically analyses code-switching and language maintenance and shift between Latin and French, on the one hand, and English, on the other hand, in the earliest business accounts of the Grocers' livery company during medieval London. Linguistic methods used here have been successfully applied to manuscripts of another company: the Mercers of London. The new findings, first, confirm that the earlier the account was recorded, the more present Latin and French are, whereas the later the account was kept, the more present English is; however, second, they reveal an unnoticed period of code-switching into Latin and French before English monolingualism, whose evolution stages seem to occur in reverse order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a complex inter-relationship between nutrition and morbidity in human health. Many diseases reduce nutritional status, but on the other hand, having low nutritional status is also known to make individuals more susceptible to certain diseases and to more serious illness. Modern evidence on these relationships, determined after the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines, may not be applicable to historical settings before these medical technologies were available. This paper uses a historical cohort study based on records from the London Foundling Hospital to determine the causal effect of nutritional status of children, proxied by weight- and height-for-age Z-scores, on the odds of contracting five infectious diseases of childhood (measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox and whooping cough) and on sickness duration from these diseases. I identify a causal effect by exploiting the randomisation of environmental conditions as foundling children were removed from their original homes, then fostered with families in counties nearby London and later returned to the Foundling Hospital's main site in London. I find no effect of nutritional status on the odds of contracting the five diseases, but I do find a historically important and statistically significant effect of nutritional status on sickness duration for measles and mumps. These findings have three implications. First, historical incidence of these diseases was unrelated to nutritional status, meaning that poor nutritional status during famines or during the Colombian Exchange did not affect the spread of epidemics. However, undernutrition in these events may have exacerbated measles severity. Second, improving nutritional status in the past 150 years would have reduced the severity of measles and mumps infections but not affect the decline in whooping cough mortality. Finally, selective culling effects from measles would be larger than those from whooping cough since whooping cough severity was not correlated with underlying nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although public reaction to disaster has been the subject of much research, reactions to acts of terrorism have been studied less, sustaining a common assumption that fear is the generic response. The present paper tests this assumption through a survey of reactions to the Manchester Arena bombing and London Bridge attack of 2017, and the findings suggest that an important likely additional modal citizen reaction to such events is one of anger at the perpetrators, holding important implications for public policy and security practice in the wake of such acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rundown neighbourhoods and social housing estates may not be visible to the majority of the population but they have an impact on society as a whole and not just those who live in them. This paper explains the concepts, processes and methods applied in the transformational change of public and communal open spaces in EC1, south Islington in London, and highlights the benefits of the change to their everyday users. The paper brings together a body of urban design theories and urban design collaborative approaches on open space transformational change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Studies on migration and integration in Britain have noted the paucity of research on ‘new’ migrants, especially ‘illegal’ migrants and asylum seekers. This paper focuses on one understudied group – Albanian immigrants and their children – and looks at their migration and settlement, based on sixty interviews conducted in two phases either side of a 2003 mini-amnesty that gave many indefinite leave to remain. This regularization is the fulcrum around which our analytical narrative is built. Focusing on the interaction of migrants' agency with host-country structure, the paper shows that an unsettled asylum policy and delays in implementation have had deleterious effects on migrants' integration and sense of belonging, even after citizenship acquisition. As they search for a social and ethnic positioning within a multi-ethnic host society, the eventual realization of Albanians' migration project is accompanied by culture shock, intergenerational difference and ambivalence towards integration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines narratives of learning and occupational advancement amongst migrants employed in 'low-skilled' jobs, based on in-depth interviews with secondary-educated East and South Europeans living in the London region. Our findings indicate that many achieved varying degrees of professional gratification, progress, and skills development within occupational sectors typically associated with unattractive conditions, limited benefits or opportunities to get ahead. Participants' narratives of achievement expand the relatively limited literature that challenges common perceptions of occupational mobility and professional development as the terrain of the 'highly skilled'. Furthermore, we examine how migrants made sense of their career opportunities and success. We discuss two discourses, centred on 'hard work' and 'creativity' respectively, through which participants challenged and reconfigured traditional 'high'-'low-skilled' divides. Our findings contribute to critiques of traditional understandings of migrant human capital and simplistic 'high'-'low-skilled' distinctions in two ways: by documenting the less visible experiences of learning and career progress amongst secondary-educated European youth who enter 'low-skilled' employment abroad, and by calling attention to subjective understandings of occupational mobility and the new 'symbolic boundaries' around skills, broadly construed, that migrants redrew in their reflections on career progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large volume of data automatically collected by smart card fare systems offers a rich source of information regarding daily human activities with a high resolution of spatial and temporal representation. This provides an opportunity for aiding transport planners and policy-makers to plan transport systems and cities more responsively. However, there are currently limitations when it comes to understanding the secondary activities of individual commuters. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a framework to detect and infer secondary activities from individuals' daily travel patterns from the smart card data and reduce the use of conventional surveys. First, we proposed a 'heuristic secondary activity identification algorithm', which uses commuters' primary locations (home & work) and the direction (from & to) information to identify secondary activities for individuals. The algorithm provides a high-level classification of the activity types as before-work, midday and after-work activity patterns of individuals. Second, this classification is semantically enriched using Points of Interests to provide meaningful insights into individuals' travel purposes and mobility in an urban environment. Lastly, using the transit data of London as a case study, the model is compared with a volunteer survey to demonstrate its effectiveness and offering a cost-effective method to travel demand research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Blitz was a catalyst for national state control of the entire commodity network for furniture; the only wartime commodity for which this was done. The Utility furniture scheme sought to manage material shortages and combat profiteering in the markets for new and second-hand furniture. It also responded to the vulnerability of the nation's furniture producers, which were disproportionately concentrated in and around London. Set against the immorality of indiscriminate bombing of civilian populations and illegal practices on the 'black market', the Utility scheme prescribed new moral geographies of equitable distribution based on need, of consumer rights protection, and of improvements to labour conditions and wages. The paper intervenes into debates about the social construction of moral geographies by examining the collective institutional response of the Utility scheme and the manner in which it sought to provision wartime homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the statistical properties of London-modified coherent states that were introduced in order to build up a resolution of the identity for London coherent states. The resolution to the identity is realized by the application of an operator to the London cohrent states. Next we find the Mandel-Q parameter that shows that there exist sub-Poissonian behaviour for a large interval of amplitudes, look at their behaviour in phase space through the Husimi-Q function and study their interaction with a two-level atom. We show that their oscillating photon distributions are responsible for the ringing revival behaviour shown by the atomic inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A street canyon pollution dispersion model is described which accounts for a wide range of canyon geometries including deep and/or asymmetric canyons. The model uses up to six component sources to represent different effects of street canyons on the dispersion of road traffic emissions. The final concentration is a weighted sum of the component concentrations dependent on output point location; canyon geometry; and wind direction relative to canyon orientation. Conventional approaches to modeling pollution in street canyons, such as the "Operational Street Pollution Model" (OSPM), do not account for canyons with high aspect ratios, pavements, and building porosity, so are not applicable for all urban morphologies. The new model has been implemented within the widely used, street-level resolution ADMS-Urban air quality model, which is used for air quality assessment and forecasting in cities such as Hong Kong where high-rise buildings form deep and complex street canyons. The new model is evaluated in relation to measured pollutant concentration data from the "Optimisation of modelling methods for traffic pollution in streets" (TRAPOS) project and routine measurements from 42 monitoring sites in London. Comparisons have been made between modeling using the new canyon model; a simpler approach to canyon modeling based on the OSPM formulation; and without any inclusion of canyon effects. The TRAPOS dataset has been used to highlight the model's ability to replicate the dependence of concentration on wind speed and direction, and also to show improved model performance for the prediction of high concentration values, which is particularly important for model applications such as planning and assessment. The London dataset, in which the street canyons are less well defined, has also been used to demonstrate improved model performance for this advanced approach compared to the simpler methods, by categorizing the measurement locations according to site type (background, near-road, and strong canyon). Implications: Currently available air dispersion models do not allow for a number of geometric features that influence air dispersion within street canyon environments. The new advanced street canyon model described in this paper accounts for: emissions from each road carriageway separately; canyon asymmetry; canyon porosity; and pavements. The extensive model evaluation presented shows that the new model demonstrates good performance, better than more basic approaches in which the complex geometries that define "canyons" are neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide a detailed geographical analysis of the role of the New York-London (NYLON) connection in the world city network. We find that its pre-eminence is much greater and much more diverse than previously considered. Our analysis draws on a data collection of the worldwide office networks of producer services firms across cities in 2018, and applies a purposeful combination of principal components analysis and network analysis to identify the relative importance of city-dyads in different regional geographies of globalization. We review the role of NYLON in the the different city sub-nets thus identified, and provide a more focused discussion of NYLON's role in the production of three of these. In a short conclusion, we consider the meaning of our results for the broader literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male-on-male rape remains an under-researched area, and little is known about the characteristics and outcomes of this type of crime. This study examines 122 rape cases involving young adult and adult male victims reported to the London Metropolitan Police Service between 2005 and 2012. Overall, there were a number of similarities with cases involving female victims; however, male cases were more likely to involve strangers, substance use, and a victim with mental health issues, alluding to specific vulnerabilities. Moreover, younger victims, victims with poor mental health, and victims who had consumed alcohol or drugs were less likely to have their cases referred to prosecutors and more likely to be 'no-crimed' by police. This paper provides unique insight into the profile and trajectories of male-on-male rape cases, and preliminary recommendations for both police practice and future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine antecedents and contingents associated with the construction and shaping of protesters' perceptions of police legitimacy and provides a thematic approach to information and intelligence gathering in protest policing. It uses data obtained by qualitative interviews (N = 79) and non-participant observations at 13 protest events across London, between 2010 and 2015. Three inter-related themes are identified: 1) protester constructions of policing; 2) power and identity, and 3) levels of protester engagement and distancing. These suggest that protesters carry antecedent beliefs and are influenced by contingents during events, potentially leading to tensions that policing based on procedural fairness and respectful treatment alone, appear unlikely to ameliorate. The findings add to a growing recognition of the significance of context to perceptions of police legitimacy and provide police leaders and practitioners with a thematic approach that can be applied to the facilitation and management of protest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how financialization changes the financial ecologies of urban water infrastructure provision, and the consequences of these impacts. It begins by illustrating the current state of research on the financialization of infrastructure, and then details the method for contributing towards this literature. A comparative approach, based on the financial ecologies of urban infrastructure, is introduced and explained. The changing financial ecologies of London (UK) and Mumbai (India) are presented by means of a twin approach that examines, on the one hand, new state-level initiatives that introduce municipal bonds into their respective countries, and, on the other, highly individualized financial constructs that aim to enable similar, large water infrastructure projects in the two cities. The findings include the importance of local knowledge and the expertise needed to translate these knowledges/risks between actors in the financial ecology. Faults in these processes lead to compromised decision-making, which is largely enabled by weak oversight. Closer scrutiny and more transparent tendering processes are recommended as policy tools to overcome these shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in suborbital, orbital, and beyond orbit space tourism continue to occur at a rapid pace. However, it is uncertain what form this burgeoning industry will take. Some envisage spaceflight as an extension of commercial aviation, a new transport paradigm that would allow flying from London to New York City in less than an hour. Others argue space tourism will remain a niche, high-adrenaline activity suited to adventurers. Finally, space tourism is sometimes instead positioned as more akin to the efforts of explorers, such as early expeditions to Earth's polar regions. The level of acceptable risk associated with space tourism hinges on which of these categories defines its development during the coming decades. This paper argues that uncertainty regarding the future course of space tourism development complicates delineating the level of acceptable risk in this domain and that this dynamic is likely to lead to problematic industrial and customer relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]