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This paper explores the impacts of the PREVENT Counter-Terrorism Strategy. The conclusion is reached that violence may be being promoted rather than prevented by government attempts to counter 'radicalisation' and 'extremism'. The motivation for this paper is the author's experience of the PREVENT Counter-Terrorism Strategy in a school in east London; and its main recommendation is that counter-extremism strategies can and should be contested. This conclusion, and the explanation for it, is reached by using a critical realist approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, supported by the framework of the semiotic triangle in the context of Bhaskar's transformational model of social activity. This brings in a time dimension that, it is argued, has previously been neglected in critical realist versions of Critical Discourse Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shares information from the Conference on Sex/Sexuality and Relationships Education held at the Institute of Education in London, England. Perspectives represented at the conference; Reference provided for researchers; Objectives of the conference.

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Whilst NHS Health Service management is usually characterized by hierarchized bureaucracy and profit-driven competitiveness, the COVID-19 pandemic drastically disrupted these ways of working and allowed London-based non-clinical management to experience their roles otherwise. This paper is based on 35 interviews with senior non-clinical management at a London-based NHS Trust during 'Alpha phase' of Britain's pandemic response (May-August 2020), an oft-overlooked group in the literature. I will draw upon Graeber's theory of "total bureaucratization" to argue that though the increasing neo-liberalization of the health-services has hitherto contributed toward a corporate mentality, the pandemic gave managers a chance to experience more collaboration and freedom than usual, which ultimately led to more effective realization of decision-making and change. The pandemic has shown NHS managers that there are alternatives to neoliberal logics of competition and hierarchy, and that those alternatives actually result in happier and effectively, more capable staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people arriving alone in the UK due to forced migration face significant hardships including, but not limited to, their history of experiences, current and future uncertainties, and cultural differences. This paper took a critical perspective of current dominant theories of refugee youth through in-depth exploration of lived experiences of coping. Following the authors' involvement in a community youth project and consultation, five young people took part in individual interviews. The participants were living in semi-independent accommodation in or near London, and were all male, while four identified as Muslim and one as Christian. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a culturally relative understanding of coping was developed. These young people were found to be taking active roles in managing their lives in the context of extensive loss, and gaining independence through connection to others. Religious practices were important, with young people making sense of their experiences through worldviews shaped by religious beliefs. While religion was described predominantly in a positive and beneficial light, an area for further investigation is the experience of religious struggle, and how this may impact experiences and coping. Implications for support for young people both from services and in communities are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meeting was hosted by St George's Hospital, London 13th–15th September 2023 at the Twickenham Conference and Events Centre, London. The full abstracts of the platform presentations are followed by the titles of those submissions accepted as short orals and e-posters. The order of abstracts is that of presentation. Any papers in the programme that were not presented to the society at the meeting have not been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic medicine has traditionally been understood as constituting a tension between medical and legal roles: a care-custody paradox. Rather than reinforcing this paradox, however, in this paper I will draw upon a study of Healthcare Professionals working within police custody suites in England in order to show the ways that they coproduce [Jasanoff, S., 2004. States of knowledge: the co-production of science and social order. London: Routledge] their work with the aim of simultaneously meeting the requirements of both their police (for instance PACE codes) and healthcare (for instance the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Practice) responsibilities. Focusing on acts of 'mundane care' [Brownlie, J. and Spandler, H., 2018. Materialities of mundane care and the art of holding one's own. Sociology of health and illness, 40 (2), 256–269], the typification of detainees and the use of detention cells as risk management tools, I will show that rather than undergoing an existential crisis, Healthcare Professionals mobilise coproduced practices in order to perform their work successfully, thereby further enabling police and detention officers to achieve their custody objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines global flows of culinary cultural knowledge, expertise and practitioners from previously culturally peripheral countries/cultures to two global cities in core countries – London and New York. Our paper finds that, contrary to Bourdieu's claims, "struggle in the field" is not an invariable attribute of cultural fields. Instead, the high-end culinary field shows substantial evidence of collaboration between chefs. We explain this finding by showing the special characteristics of the culinary field in the last odd decade, and by undertaking an in-depth examination of chefs' habitus and strategies of entry and legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the negotiated everyday experiences of Jewish Litvish people in London and Jerusalem, exploring ideas of transcendence and immanence in these spaces. By uncovering the relations between religious identity and boundary-making in urban settings, the paper exposes the latent social, organizational, and spatial mechanisms that determine communal demarcation lines in the everyday life of city spaces. We argue that to examine such processes, one must refer to the social system that drives local processes and the values that communities draw their strength from. Empirically, we compare the mechanisms the Haredi (strictly orthodox Jews) -Litvish communities in Jerusalem and London use to delineate areas between immanence and transcendence in city life. The findings point to planners' need to better understand how individuals cooperate and how community leaders are involved in developing urban structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades policies of renewing social housing in partnership with private developers have become widespread and critics have described such policies as state-led gentrification. Whilst resident participation in such schemes is often viewed as tokenistic, this paper presents a case of estate renewal where a well established residents' association is having some success in influencing the outcomes of redevelopment. The residents' association faces considerable challenges as the local authority has entered a partnership with a major developer and the majority of new homes will be for sale. Nonetheless, the residents' association has influenced the regeneration in terms of the offers of rehousing to existing residents and in terms of maintaining their sense of place. However, many leaseholders have been displaced and there is an ongoing struggle to ensure that there is not a net loss of social rented housing. The paper highlights how sustained organisation by residents can affect the outcomes of redevelopment, but also illustrates the limitations of developer-led regeneration in meeting social objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the special issue on material cultures of reconstruction in post-war London highlights the key contributions of the articles included. Together the papers contribute to an everyday history of post-war reconstruction in London. This introduction also highlights the broader relevance of these contributions to the study of urban reconstruction by drawing attention to the importance of material culture in the reshaping of urban life after crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Second World War, artist Peter Laszlo Peri approached the London County Council with the idea of creating sculptural reliefs with a family theme in coloured concrete on two of Lambeth's new housing estates. The results were three reliefs: 'Following the Leader (Memorial to the Children Killed in the Blitz)', 1949, on the Vauxhall Gardens estate and 'Boys Playing Football', 1951–52, and 'Mother with Children Playing', 1951–52, on the nearby South Lambeth estate. After the war, the reconstruction and improvement of housing were crucial. The London County Council planned for large areas of London to be rebuilt: including an ambitious programme of housing. This paper looks at these artworks within the context of the housing they sit amongst. I read these sculptural reliefs, created between 1949 and 1952, within the LCC's post-war housing and community policies and as symbols of Lambeth's renewal. This paper places these reliefs, and their settings, within the wider context of debates surrounding the post-war renewal of London, community participation and placemaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an ethnography of an investigation of an under-explored sociolinguistic phenomenon, namely handwritten signs in public spaces, against a context of urban regeneration and socio-cultural transformation. These signs are a subset of urban communicates that involve handwriting, lettering or the painting of letters and text using different materials and serving different functions. We focus primarily on handwritten signs on paper or cards. The data were collected in Stratford, a ward in the ethnically and linguistically diverse London Borough of Newham and home of the 2012 Olympics. Our analytical focus is on the indexicalities of the handwritten signs. We engaged ordinary residents in Stratford, customers and visitors of the two main shopping centres, precinct management, and local council staff who interacted with such signs as part of their everyday work and life, as well as non-participant commentators in interpreting and analysing the meanings of the signs. We also analyse the disappearance of the signs vis-à-vis urban development policies, and the emergence of refashioned painted signs with handwritten style lettering in the global-facing commercial spaces. The study highlights the significance of handwritten signs and invite the reader to engage in making sense of their meaning potentials and symbolic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against a backdrop of rising youth violence in the UK, the issue of gang policing has once more risen to prominence. Intense debates surrounding police cuts have led to renewed calls for a 'war on gangs', echoing earlier responses to England's summer of violent disorder in 2011. Drawing on a long-term ethnographic study of policing in the London Borough of Newham, this paper reports on a case-study of gang policing during a similarly fraught political moment. In the run-up to the 2012 London Olympics, a street-based group of minority ethnic youth – the so-called Portuguese Mafia (PGM) – became the primary focus for gang policing in the Borough. Though the group did not self-identify as a gang, their activities were inflated and became the subject of a targeted enforcement initiative. These distortions, we argue, resulted from the influence of political decision-making on the working practices of front-line police officers, amplified in a climate of austerity. Through the reconstruction of this 'natural history', we seek to contribute an empirical account of the ambiguities inherent in police definitions of gangs, and the discriminatory consequences of categorisation. Theoretically, the paper seeks to contribute a critical sociological account of gangs and gang policing that bridges extant objectivist and constructivist readings of gangs through engagement with the Bourdieusian concept of 'field'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas scholarship on London literary tourism has tended to focus on the Victorian Age and early twentieth century, this essay locates the origins of the practice in the Romantic period, linking it specifically to the Cockney familiar essay as cultivated by Leigh Hunt. Beginning in the 1820s but continuing throughout his career, Hunt published numerous essays on London's literary and memorial charms. Recognizing a persistent demand for Londoniana in the marketplace, he depicted the metropolis as a realm of friendly literary ghosts and endless associative layers. In doing so, he helped create the expandable yet walkable London (still with us) of the literary tourist. This essay aims to provide a sense of how Hunt as a Romantic essayist and virtual tour guide came to be read by Victorians and by Anglophiles across the Atlantic. Hunt emerges from this discussion as an early and influential theorist of the intersections between real and imaginary travel, a proponent of literary tourism as a means to self-culture, and an under-acknowledged influence on one of Britain's principal heritage industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially, this paper briefly introduces the work of my colleague, Nina Farhi, who was a highly respected psychoanalytic psychotherapist in London and who sadly died last year. After her death, I was invited to discuss both her paper, 'The Hands of the Living God,' and the three commentaries by North American analysts, all published in this issue. As part of my commentary, I provide an appreciative yet critical discussion of the way Farhi uses the term 'intersubjectivity.' I argue that there is a need for paternal function or a third position to be found in the mind of the analyst in the later phases of work with deeply disturbed patients. I also contribute to the hypothetical debate about whether or not experiences in the womb can be subject to analytic work, using the Lacanian concept of the 'Real' and Piontelli's work on fetal and child observation. After this, I explore some of the ways Lacan revised drive theory and discuss these in relation to psychic devolution in later life, essential aloneness and creative human destiny. Finally, I look at how Farhi's paper's posthumous publication may have affected the commentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education (HE) professionals generally work in an information and communication technologies (ICT) rich environment. There are expectations that the existence of ICT benefits them, their students, and the overall learning environment. This paper investigates and debates the complex interplay between two aspects of HE that have witnessed rapid change: the HE teacher's professional role and the use of ICTs for teaching and learning. This paper reviews writings, research and theory in these areas, and draws out key themes. A Masters course run at the Institute of Education, University of London, is used as a practical context to evaluate aspects of this debate and assess their contemporary relevance. It establishes the importance of professional learning communities that include ICT 'enthusiasts', and an integrated pedagogic approach to ICTs. The paper suggests that these factors can be key in enhancing the capacity of the HE teacher to engage positively, collaboratively and critically with the growth of learning technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the transformation of la sape, a well-established fashion and lifestyle subculture in Congolese diasporic culture, among the London Congolese group. The focal point of investigation is the distinctive role that the city of London has played in shaping the practice. Following an overview on the body performance of la sape, the paper traces the quite recent establishment and evolution of the trend in the city. Some ambivalent points of view among older generation of London sapeurs are also introduced. Significantly, the article documents several voices of younger London Congolese who are not members of the group and stand firmly against it. Their experiences highlight controversial ways of looking at the lifestyle choices and values promoted by the movement. The paper, therefore, demonstrates how the city of London has forged deep discrepancies within the group and has influenced a generational polarity regarding the subculture among British Congolese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 14th March 1554 at the Mercers' Hall on Cheapside, London, 'serten velyns [villains] dyd breke the neke of the ymage of sant Thomas of Canturbere, and on of ys arms broke'. This attack followed a previous bout of iconoclasm earlier in the year. Through the biographical study of this statue of St Thomas Becket, this paper provides a fresh insight into the London experience of the Reformation in the first half of the sixteenth century. By drawing on theories of the temporal nature of art, the paper explores how the turbulent history of London, plus royal religious policies, during the English Reformation maps onto the treatment of the statue from the reign of Henry VIII to Elizabeth I. It considers the importance of the statue both to the Mercers' Company and within the City and how the statue reflects the complex religious sentiments felt by contemporaries in London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper connects two debates previously featured in City: 'Assemblage and Critical Urban Praxis' and 'London's Housing Crisis and its Activism'. The paper uses assemblage thinking to explore how community organisations and campaigns in London use a combination of different tools, which engage with the planning system and other actions or strategies outside planning, to resist council estate demolition and propose alternative community-led plans incorporating the needs and wishes of residents. The paper first looks at the planning tools available in the English Localism Act 2011 for involving residents in decision-making processes, examining their limitations when being used to oppose council estate demolition while proposing alternative plans. Four case studies of campaigns and community organisations—Greater Carpenters Neighbourhood Forum, Focus E15, Save Cressingham, and West Ken and Gibbs Green Community Homes—are then used to explore how they have generated three kinds of assemblages which create capabilities for self-organisation, resisting demolition, and influencing decision-making processes. The first kind of assemblage combines formal and informal strategies—some engaging with the planning system and some not; the second uses both formal and informal organisations based on the desired objectives and the nature of their actions; and finally, the third builds support networks with professionals and other initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses events following the 1878 discovery of a rich Lower Palaeolithic 'living floor' at Stoke Newington, London, to explore the social and economic relationships and imbalances that existed within Palaeolithic archaeology in the mid to late nineteenth century. It explores in particular the role of the British working classes in amassing the extant record, the biases they might have introduced and the value of this archaeology to their own lives and livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibre-optic sensing technologies provide the opportunity to measure detailed structural response in real time over long durations. This paper describes a first-of-its-kind application of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) measurement to monitor the impact of tunnelling works on two Grade-I listed buildings in London, UK. After describing the principles behind the strain sensing technology, laboratory tests are discussed. These tests are used to calibrate strain sensors and validate the newly developed temperature compensation technique. The arrangement of sensors and their installation on the buildings is then presented. Fibre-optic temperature and strain measurements from the ensuing three-year monitoring period are compared with other independent measurements. It is demonstrated that the system enabled direct real-time monitoring of both the short- and long-term impact of tunnelling on the historic assets in a reliable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of global finance in the latter twentieth century was an epochal transformation in the history of capitalism and new socio-technical devices emerged to value these innovations, among the most significant being the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Today, LIBOR values over $200 trillion in global financial markets despite the repeated attempts by international regulators to repeal the benchmark since its infamous scandal in 2012. How did LIBOR ever rise to its apotheosis in global finance? In this paper, I provide a historical analysis of the rise of LIBOR in global finance, tracing its emergence as an unstandardized rate for eurodollar syndicated loans in the 1960s to its evolution as a standardized benchmark for the growing derivative market in London by the 1980s. In tracing the rise of LIBOR, I argue that global financial markets were shaped by practices and norms particular to the financial centre of London. I conclude by offering the concept of 'positionality' to help theorize the construction of global finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streetspace reallocation projects are often difficult to plan and implement, attracting great controversy with residents and other actors. This paper considers two streetspace reallocation projects, in Aldgate Square and Bank Junction, London. 15 in-depth interviews are used to explore the competing discourses on each project. The analysis covers the different viewpoints on perceived problems and opportunities, project impacts and effectiveness, distribution of benefits, technical assessment, participatory processes and the resulting sanctioned discourse. Using NVivo software, it examines the language used by the different actors in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To Tony Allan I owe joy in intellectual friendship. Early on, Tony opened the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies for me, a mere graduate student, to convene an international conference on Islamic finance. I also co-wrote the introduction with him ([8]), and contributed a chapter ([9]) for a state-of-the art book resulting from a big conference on Water in the Middle East which we convened in November 1992 (Allan & Mallat, [3]). There was the Nile book which he put together with a specialist colleague (Allan & Howell, [2]), to which I contributed a chapter (Mallat, [7]). [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on the Tavistock psychoanalytic model discussed in the conference held at the Tavistock Centre in London, England. It presents the paper of Louise Emanuel wherein she tackles the clinical approaches and basic functions of projective identification. It also notes the link to understand the needs of infants and fostering the capacity of parents.

The paper examines the multidirectional character of commemorations of racist and fascist violence in the London borough of Tower Hamlets. It does so by studying commemorative events taking place in Altab Ali Park in the borough between 2016 and 2018 to address contemporary political issues. Specifically, the study documents the 80th anniversary of the Battle for Cable Street in 1936, celebrated as a local victory against fascist organisations, and the 40th anniversary of the 1978 racist murder of a Bengali textile worker called Altab Ali. Combined, these events illustrate how Holocaust remembrance, anti-fascist movements and anti-racist initiatives are interconnected and draw on one another in meaningful ways. The paper evaluates the value of applying Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory in understanding commemorations by drawing on textual analysis of local histories and use these to more fully understand commemorative practices. Such an approach reveals both the value of multidirectional characteristics of memory practices to address contemporary issues, while pointing to the difficulties that arise as a result of the selective character of memory practices that may reduce the possibilities of bringing to light the linkages, in the cases discussed between colonialism, the Second World War and contemporary racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on interviews with thirty-two black British professionals, and ethnographic work in middle-class cultural spaces across London, this paper asks 'How do the black middle-class use cultural consumption for anti-racism?' I argue that the black middle-class contest the racial hierarchy at three levels through their cultural consumption: the material, the ideological, and the symbolic. At the material level, black middle-class people consume cultural forms they decode as 'white' in order to establish an equity with whites in levels of cultural capital. At the ideological level, black middle-class people consume cultural forms that uplift meanings and representations of blackness, thus challenging controlling images of blackness. Lastly, at the symbolic level, black middle-class folks create and sustain cultural spaces where black people's cultural and symbolic knowledge is given proper recognition and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on recent research on the construction of new religious buildings by diverse faith communities in the London Borough of Ealing in West London to compare the navigation of local planning processes in the realization of new permanent structures for worship. While existing research emphasizes barriers for minority faith communities, this paper suggests that faith communities are successful local actors able to navigate local planning governance particularly through accumulated expertise and social capital networks, although there are marked differences in capacity and experience between different faith groups. There is also evidence of the mobilization of narratives of "instutionalised multiculturalism" embedded in local policy documents in support for faith communities, but ongoing on-going austerity cuts since 2010 have reduced the capacity of the local state to support projects. Finally, the paper suggests that these planning processes indicate changing ideas of the nature of the suburbs and suburban multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ridesourcing services such as Uber are nowadays a common feature within available transport options of many cities around the world (E.g. London & San Francisco). There has been much publicity about the potential impacts of ridesourcing services and how (or if) they should be managed or regulated without an objective understanding of who uses these services and why, as well as its current and future implications for public transport (PT). Ridesourcing is part of a broader tech-driven, mobile app-based sharing phenomenon – the 'sharing economy' – which has disrupted traditional market models and industries, for example, the transport industry, where new players such as Uber have emerged and have quickly become part of the urban transport landscape. Uber has been at the forefront in disrupting the transport sector since its first launch in 2010 (San Francisco, USA). Since its launch, Uber has generated extensive media coverage and debate among policymakers, transport planners and transport authorities on how these services are affecting traditional transport modes such as buses and taxis. However, without objective empirical data – in terms of impacts on trip making characteristics, PT ridership and congestion – policymakers and transport regulators are yet to fully understand the real impacts ridesourcing services are having on the transport network. This paper is part of broader research that aims to provide insights and empirical-based evidence on how Uber services are used (UberX and Uberpool) in London. A comprehensive survey was undertaken using a detailed questionnaire, issued to UberX and Uberpool users in London to gather detailed data on who uses the Uber services, why they use it and what are the trip purposes, in order to understand Uber user demographics and what effects (if any) Uber services are having on PT usage and trip making characteristics in London. The final findings provide important insights on Uber user demographics, trip purposes, types of trips replaced, impact on car ownership and why travellers use Uber services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the work of Rein and Schon (1993. "Reframing Policy Discourse." In The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning, edited by F. Fischer, and J. Forester, 145–166. London: UCL Press., 1996. "Frame-Critical Policy Analysis and Frame-Reflective Policy Practice." Knowledge and Policy: the International Journal of Knowledge Transfer and Utilization 9 (1): 85–104), we explore the ways in which 'young people', 'vulnerability', 'risk', 'prevention' and 'prevention practice' were defined and framed by practitioners engaged in the design, delivery and commissioning of drug prevention interventions for young people in contact with the criminal justice system. We argue that practitioners describe their work in terms of both a preventative frame – based on a 'deficit' model – and a transformative praxis frame, more in line with an increasing shift towards 'positive youth justice' where practitioners aspire to actively involve the young person in a process of change. The implications of those, often competing, frames are discussed in relation to the development of prevention approaches and the challenges in designing drugs prevention for this group of young people. The paper is based on interviews and focus groups with thirty-one practitioners in England and is part of the EU funded EPPIC project (Exchanging Prevention Practices on Polydrug Use among Youth in Criminal Justice Systems 2017–2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions on public order policing often centre on the role of paramilitary policing tactics, only recently has the role of dialogue become more prominent within the field. This paper focuses on the latter, examining the interaction processes of Police Liaison Teams (PLTs) negotiating with revellers at Notting Hill Carnival. The PLTs are a newer tactical option within public order policing, they seek to act as a communicative bridge between different groups and the police. The PLTs were deployed at Notting Hill Carnival for the first time in 2016 charged with facilitating communication between the police and the Carnival floats – a performative feature of the event. Notting Hill Carnival attracts dense national and international crowds to the small urban location of Notting Hill in West London. Attended by approximately two million people every year it is the largest and most sensitive annual policing operation for the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). The paper utilises data collected during fieldwork at Notting Hill Carnival over three consecutive years: 2015, 2016 and 2017. The paper draws from wider ethnographic research conducted between 2015 and 2017 with the public order unit at the MPS. Utilising the works of Goffman, this paper seeks to evidence how officers at Notting Hill Carnival operate within the confines of a professionally stigmatised identity. As such, the communicative foundations inherited by the PLTs are weak and unpredictable. Despite this, the paper also explores how PLT-reveller team-work is widely experienced, with both collaborating to ensure a positive Carnival experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the recovery and identification of oothecae of the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) from deposits associated with an Early Romano-British bakery oven from Roman Londinium (now modern-day London). The ecology, behaviour and past archaeological history of this species are presented. The implications of finding this species for our understanding of the movement and importation of stored products and other materials by the Roman Army and citizenry is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The replanning of London following the Second World War is, in many ways, a familiar story. However it has often been told in fragments, usually prioritizing the best-known plans and the involvement of Professor Patrick Abercrombie. This paper positions the replanning more widely, considering a hierarchy from region to specific locales, and the problems of fragmented planning within such a structure. It explores issues of agents, agency and authority. The sanitized and orderly vision of a new London is set against a more complex and disordered reality of reconstruction-plan production. The urgency, scale and complexity of the task, and questions of why should 'author' plans, are significant issues. The realities of postwar London have been shaped by a messy and misunderstood process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing understanding of the role of the built environment on children's neighbourhood mobility and play and the importance of this for children's development. This has led to concerns over children's declining neighbourhood mobility and calls to see an increase in children's use of public space. This paper draws on findings from a research study working with 9 and 10 year olds living in inner London, England. The children participated in go-along interviews and a range of other qualitative methods, which explored how they used their neighbourhoods for getting around and play. Findings from the study demonstrate the importance of threshold spaces for children in supporting both their neighbourhood play and their wider neighbourhood travel and mobility. Threshold spaces are defined as a semi-public space that straddle the gap between the private space of the home and the wider public realm. Children's use of threshold spaces was influenced by a reduced movement function in these spaces, restricting vehicles and people passing through, and the presence of signals that it was ok to play, with girls being more sensitive to these features than boys. Threshold spaces were important as a start point for children's wider explorations of their neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, Digital Curation Lab Director Toni Sant and the artist Enrique Tabone started collaborating on a research project exploring the visualization of specific data sets through Wikidata for artistic practice. An art installation called Naked Data was developed from this collaboration and exhibited at the Stanley Picker Gallery in Kingson, London, during the DRHA 2022 conference. Through data analysis, employing Wikidata tools, this creative work employs a data set depicting prehistoric female figurines held by Heritage Malta. The artistic research aims to develop a creative workflow model for processing essential information about art collections, museum policies, and ways to engage with cultural heritage through data. This article outlines the key elements involved in this practice-based research work and shares the artistic process involving the visualizing of the scientific data with special attention to the aesthetic qualities afforded by this technological engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a simple Stock-Flow Consistent open economy model with flexible exchange rates. It can reproduce the same dynamics and results of the flexible exchange rates 'benchmark' model by Godley and Lavoie [2007b. Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. London, UK: Palgrave MacMillan]. The latter is considered the 'centre of gravity' of SFC open economy literature. Yet the new model uses only one-third of the equations of the original one and features a different mechanism of determination of the exchange rate. Its small size and its flexibility make the model suitable both for didactic purposes and for extensions with further building blocks to address a variety of research topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the regression discontinuity method to evaluate the effects of the removal of London western charging zone (WCZ) scheme on the traffic flow characteristics and traffic-related emissions, based on the data of 525 road sections. First of all, continuity of the confounders is assessed. Results indicate that all the confounders are continuous at the cutoff. Then, the impacts of implementing and abolishing the WCZ scheme are investigated. Results indicate that the overall traffic volume is reduced by 31% after implementing the WCZ scheme. On the contrary, the overall traffic volume in the concerned area is increased by 26% after the abolishment. For the environmental effects, results indicate that the traffic-related NOX and CO2 emissions are reduced by 29% and 33% respectively after implementing the WCZ scheme and bounced back by 24% and 21% respectively after the abolishment. These imply that there are moderate residual effects for the removal of WCZ scheme on the traffic volume and traffic-related CO2 emission. However, the residual effect on the traffic-related NOx emission is marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1997, over 50,000 homes have been demolished to allow for the "renewal" of council estates in London. This has involved the "decanting" of short and long-term tenants, as well as those leaseholders who bought their homes under "right to buy" legislation. Often described as "social cleansing", the racialized dimensions of these displacements remain under-explored despite asizable literature documenting the connections between race, place and state-subsidized housing in Britain. Drawing on interviews with Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic estate residents– including many active in housing movements– this paper shows that this displacement is understood in relation to histories of racial discrimination, the destruction of ethno-cultural infrastructures, and long-standing racialized inequalities. These themes resonate with apolitics of resistance grounded in aracialized class consciousness that seeks to intervene more broadly in the politics of capital and the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site S3 of the King's Cross Development Zone is located in Central London to the North of King's Cross Station. The site directly overlies the 11 m deep Thameslink twin-rail tunnels. The excavation of a rotary core borehole on site led to tunnel inward movement recorded by in-tunnel prism arrays. Live monitoring data has been used to investigate and determine the causal link between borehole RC1 and this movement. The borehole excavation lost excessive amounts of fluid flush into the London Clay. The interaction between flush fluid and soil is numerically investigated in this paper with an investigation into the numerical simulation of the physical excavation of the borehole itself. The aim of this research work is to investigate the mechanisms of movement that may have resulted in the tunnel deformation while numerical analysing the construction of the borehole in stages. Using a 2D plane strain model, the HSS (Hardening Soil with small strain) constitutive model has been utilised in order to recreate the stress history within the London Clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a case study of two London firms active in the production and distribution of women's ready-to-wear clothing before 1900, H. J. Nicoll and Alfred Stedall. The sources used are registered advertising images from the Records of the Copyright Office, Stationers' Company at The National Archives; Companies House records (also at The National Archives); and newspaper advertisements sourced from the British Newspaper Archive. These three archives have allowed me to evaluate the uses made of advertising images, and to relate this to the companies' development, reflecting on the gaps and omissions between the three sources. This research has uncovered a nationwide chain of women's ready-to-wear retailers, an unexpected development that may require some rethinking of current historiography. It also throws light on the locations and practices of London-based clothing workshops, which have proven resistant to study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the capability of a viscoplastic subloading model recently proposed in reproducing strain-rate change effects in soil. The viscoplastic model used is based on the subloading surface concept making possible the occurrence of viscoplastic strains inside the yield surface. After a brief description of the basic principles and constitutive relations behind the model, a numerical simulation of an undrained triaxial compression test on a normally consolidated reconstituted London clay with several strain-rate changes was performed with success. This result was obtained with a general soil model which did not take into account these specific temporary effects in its formulation. The influence of the strain–acceleration during the strain-rate transitions on the model's response was also analysed. The temporary effects were found to be influenced by the value of the strain–acceleration. However, for the values normally used in the laboratory tests, the temporary effects seem to be insensitive to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London is changing, to a breathtaking extent. Beneath this fast paced activity, new patterns are forming and divisions that had been relatively unremarked before are now becoming increasingly visible. The ‘square mile’ of the City of London, which is now identified by some dramatically tall buildings, forms a contrast to the traditional urbanism of the City of Westminster, the majority of which is covered by conservation area legislation. This paper will consider this contrast from the perspective of urban design, examining both the wider development context for these changes and the separate design policies of these two historic organizations of local government. One of the key questions to be investigated is how these changes have impacted on the character of central London as a place. Moving on from the well-rehearsed debates about London’s skyline, the paper considers the significance of urban design in the context of a global urban spatial economy. It suggests that central London faces severe dilemmas about its future if the growth scenario continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The map presented in this paper shows the effect of congestion on daily accessibility in the London metropolitan area on Wednesdays. Because of its dynamic nature, it is challenging to both calculate the effects of this phenomenon and to represent it clearly on simple maps. Although we can use many traditional techniques for this purpose, they are usually static, and they may lose some essential information on the effects studied. In this paper, we used two cartographic techniques rarely used in accessibility studies – cartograms and 3D maps, which we believe can achieve a more striking representation in static and animations of both the traffic-induced spatial distortion and the accessibility levels obtained. The results are presented in two animated maps and some snapshots of them – static maps. Both types of maps reinforce each other: Together, they can properly show the direct space–time link between congestion and accessibility, and can, therefore, give a more detailed overview of the consequences of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the immediate aftermath of crisis events, there is a pressing demand among the public for information about what is unfolding. In such moments "information holes" occur, people and organizations collaborate to try to fill these in real time by sharing information. In this article, we approach such gaps not merely as the product of the actual lack of information, but as generated by the algorithmically underpinned social media platforms as such, and by the user behaviors that they proliferate. The lack of information is the result of the noisy and fragmented patchwork of information that social media platforms can generate. In this paper, we draw on a case study of one particular case of a false terrorism alarm and its unfolding on Twitter, that took place in London's Oxford Circus underground station in November of 2017. Using a combination of computational and interpretive methods – analyzing social network structure as well as textual expressions – we find that certain logics of platforms may affect emergency management and the work of emergency responders negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-running multi-faceted intervention studies are particularly problematic in large complex organizations where traditional methods prove too resource intensive and can yield inaccurate and incomplete findings. This paper describes the first use of, longitudinal tracer methodology (LTM), a realist approach to evaluation, to examine the links between multiple complex intervention activities (processes) and their outcomes on a construction megaproject. LTM is especially useful when the researcher has little control over intervention delivery but has evidence drawn from multiple sources to evaluate the intervention activities effects over time. This methodology has rarely been deployed in complex organizational settings and not on a construction megaproject. This paper presents a case study of its use over a period of three years, on 24 construction sites forming London's Thames Tideway Tunnel (Tideway) megaproject. The study examines the "transformational" power of occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions across the multiple organizations and supply chains in the megaproject. The study shows how the method can be adapted in-flight to accommodate shifting lines of inquiry as the intervention activities progress and change. This feature along with its resource-efficient operation, make it an attractive option where interventions are likely to have differential effects across multiple sites of enactment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By viewing the museum experience as inextricably linked to an interactive nexus of bodies and objects arranged in the museum space, this paper foregrounds the significance of movement in the shaping of museum encounters. Informed by the fields of dance, symbolic interactionism and multimodal social semiotics, it introduces a conceptualisation of visitors' movement as choreography unfolding either in compliance with the museum 'script' (scripted choreographies), or in response to prompts from other visitors sharing the same space (improvised choreographies). Attending to visitors' positioning and alignment as key resources of movement, the analysis of video data from two London galleries illustrates how visitors oscillate between performing 'scripted choreographies' and 'improvised choreographies' through shifts in positioning and alignment, while being spectators of other visitors' choreographies. Both kinds of choreographies are continuously shaped in interaction with the 'scripted' museum stage and other visitors' 'scripted' and 'improvised choreographies'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, a bourgeoning body of literature has explored the influence of financial actors, techniques and motives in the urban development of North American and European cities. Less has been said about the influence of finance on the temporalities of urban production and urban life. Yet finance is, at its most basic, the management of debt; and debt is, simply put, the deferral of payment; thus, by its very nature, financialization introduces new temporal dynamics into whatever object of investment it engages with. This paper examines these temporal dynamics in the financialized production of a large-scale urban infrastructure project, the Thames Tideway Tunnel (TTT), a 25-km 'super-sewer' beneath the River Thames where it runs through the center of London. From analyzing how financial actors, motives, and instruments influence the planning and implementation of this massive sewer expansion, it traces the ways in which the temporal characteristics of finance have repercussions in the urban space that privilege financial interests. This analysis contributes both conceptual and empirical insights. Firstly, it provides a theoretical conceptualization of the ways in which the temporalities of financialization shape the material production of the city. Secondly and more empirically, our case analysis allows us to schematize the different ways in which the financialization of the TTT project shapes the temporalities of its production, with wide-ranging political, economic and environmental implications. In summary, the paper closes a crucial gap in understanding how different temporalities of finance intersect in the making of contemporary cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although creative industries and creative talent have traditionally clustered in established global centres such as London and New York, new forms of independent production, digital technologies and mobilities are reshaping this landscape. Drawing on 87 interviews and participant observation, this paper considers whether independent fashion designers in Canada still need to locate in the established centres to realize their ambitions. It explores how these entrepreneurs choose a 'home base' for their operations and demonstrates how they mobilize three forms of mobility (temporary, mediated, virtual) to access opportunities and resources within Canada's fashion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a literature has emerged using empirical techniques to study the evolution of international cities over many centuries; however, few studies examine long-run change within cities. Conventional models and concepts are not always appropriate and data issues make long-run neighbourhood analysis particularly problematic. This paper addresses some of these points. First, it discusses why the analysis of long-run urban change is important for modern urban policy and considers the most important concepts. Second, it constructs a novel data set at the micro level, which allows consistent comparisons of London neighbourhoods in 1881 and 2001. Third, the paper models some of the key factors that affected long-run change, including the role of housing. There is evidence that the relative social positions of local urban areas persist over time but, nevertheless, at fine spatial scales, local areas still exhibit change, arising from aggregate population dynamics, from advances in technology, and also from the effects of shocks, such as wars. In general, where small areas are considered, long-run changes are likely to be greater, because individuals are more mobile over short than long distances. Finally, the paper considers the implications for policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]