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This paper examines the issue of volatility spillovers across the three largest European stock markets, namely London, Frankfurt and Paris. The Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model is used to capture potential asymmetric effects of innovations on volatility. During the period from 01/01/84 to 07/12/93, reciprocal spillovers are found to exist between London and Paris, and between Paris and Frankfurt, and unidirectional spillovers from London to Frankfurt. In almost all cases, spillovers are asymmetric in the sense that bad news in one market has a greater effect on the volatility of another market than good news. An analysis for the pre-crash (01/01/84 - 15/09/87) and post-crash (15/11/87 - 07/12/93) periods suggests that more spillovers and spillovers with higher intensity exist during the latter period. These findings suggest that these markets became more interdependent during the post-crash period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the impact of two service quality metrics (star rating and customer rating) on hotel room sales and prices is investigated. Two of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, Paris and London, are chosen. It is found that a higher customer rating significantly increases the online sales of hotels. The study results show that a 1% increase in online customer rating increases Sales per Room up to 2.68% in Paris and up to 2.62% in London. Contrary to expectations, higher stars do not increase the sales. It is also shown that higher customer ratings result in higher prices of the hotel and the prices of high star hotels are more sensitive to online customer ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The transfer of population from the rural areas to the cities was one of the central features of the period known as the Industrial Revolution. Previous work on the topic has emphasized the changes in migration patterns which occurred during this period. This Paper examines the factors underlying regional variations in rates of migration to the largest cities in England and France and concludes that the extent of change in migration patterns has been overestimated. The majority of migrants to London and Paris during the last half of the nineteenth century continued to come from the immediate hinterlands of the two cities or from traditional sources. The impact of distance overwhelmed the effects of most other social and economic factors commonly cited as responsible for regional variations in migration patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why and how do those who by definition seek to avoid the attention of the public and who lack resources manage to mobilize collectively? Comparing the situation of irregular migrants in three European cities (Copenhagen, London and Paris), this article aims to provide some understanding of the reasons for the mobilization, or absence of mobilization, of irregular migrants. It also seeks to explore the processes of development in these movements. In exploring the determinants and modes of irregular migrant mobilizations, this paper builds on Axel Honneth's theory of recognition and expands the analysis provided by theories of social movements of the passage from individual suffering to collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1920s Vogue magazine in the UK was transformed from a society paper into a magazine of high modernism and the avant-garde. The editor was Dorothy Todd. Todd was assisted by her protégée and lover, the Australian-born Madge Garland. During this period Garland and Todd developed friendships with Virginia Woolf, other members of Bloomsbury, writers such as Rebecca West and artists such as Marie Laurencin. Madge Garland also developed friendships with artists, couturiers and intellectuals in both Paris and London. Dorothy Todd was sacked from Vogue in 1926 because of what was perceived by Conde Nast as its rather too bohemian direction. Todd's career never recovered from this blow. Garland, however, went on to become a leading fashion journalist, businesswoman and textile expert. In 1947 she was appointed to the Royal College of Art, London, as the first Professor of Fashion Design. In the last stage of her career Garland wrote a number of books about art, fashion history and gardening. This article considers the lives and achievements of Dorothy Todd and Marjorie Garland, and their involvement with Virginia Woolf as her fashion advisors, editors and acquaintances. The article also examines the way in which Vogue celebrated the work of non-Bloomsbury members and explores Marjorie Garland's major contribution to fashion journalism, history and teaching in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the approach being taken to freight transport strategy and the specific policy measures being implemented in London and Paris. It highlights the serious consideration that has been given to freight transport by the Mayors of London and Paris, in the last five years. These freight policy considerations are taking place against a background of growing levels of road freight activity, energy use and pollutant emissions in both cities. The key freight transport objectives being followed in London and Paris are similar and focus on improving the efficiency and reliability of freight transport, while reducing the negative environmental impacts that it causes. The specific freight transport policy measures being followed show some differences in each city. However, attempts to address problems related to loading and unloading are taking place in both, albeit through different specific initiatives. These policy initiatives have important implications for companies concerned with urban logistics operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a specific kind of choice, choice of the local school, by a specific middle class group, characterized by its high cultural capital, its ‘caring’ perspective and liberal political orientation, in two cosmopolitan, ‘mixed’ settings, London and Paris, with a focus on values and how ethical dilemmas raised by confrontation with the social and ethnic mix in schools are solved. It draws upon a small‐scale comparative study of urban middle class parents conducted in 2004–2005 at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris in collaboration with the London Institute of Education. Using the same open‐ended schedule, 28 interviews were carried out in one London locality and 38 in a similar locality in the Parisian periphery (plus 12 others in a nearby private school). Its main purpose was to use a cross‐Channel comparison to test and enrich a comprehensive model of school choice that tries to take into account the complex interaction between policies, strategies, contexts, resources and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives of the Indian revolutionary movement in exile have often focused on abstract notions of 'London'—with a particular focus on 'India House' in Highgate—or 'Paris' without taking into account specific geographies of Indian anti-colonialism within these imperial metropoles. Drawing on addresses provided in intelligence reports, this article takes a spatial approach and explores how particular areas of London and Paris enabled the development of the Indian revolutionary movement in exile in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the analysis of house price indexes from a long-range dependence viewpoint. In particular, it estimates the fractional differencing parameter in the London and Paris house price series recognizing in some cases the potential seasonality and allowing for breaks in the data. Moreover, it analyses the stability of the parameters across the sample period examined. It is concluded that the series are nonstationary but mean reverting in some cases and very persistent in others. Policy implications are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the first section of the Metropolitan Railway opened in January 1863 in London, debates in Parliament emphasized the need to conceive of railways as a system of interconnected circles instead of the lines and termini that had been built since the 1830s. Similar debates took place in Paris around this time, although no plan was implemented before the opening of the Métropolitain's first line in 1900. The use of geometric terms such as rings, circuits and circles proliferated throughout the process, illustrating new ways of connecting the railways, and, more importantly, embryonic ideas about how the two cities could use transport technologies for shaping their own growth. Doing so was dependent on how, where and why the notion of the public benefit was articulated. Railways encapsulated both constraints and possibilities for the transformation, real and imagined, that the two metropolises were to experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Underground and Paris Métro were very different conceptions, with major impacts on the cities' development. The Underground almost immediately worked to promote suburban decentralization, while the Métro remained locked inside the city boundaries until well after World War II, inhibiting suburban growth. The Réseau Express Régional served the suburbs after 1970, but it plays a role more like the London Underground than a true regional express network. Meanwhile, London has grown into a vast polycentric mega-city region, extending out for up to 140 km from the capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-war generation of baby boomers has witnessed major transformations in family life as well as being at the vanguard of them. A study undertaken in Paris and London in 2006 among 90 individuals born between 1945 and 1954 reveals, however, strong relationships with ageing parents and adult children. Family groups based on local or dispersed entourages, with regular contact and the exchange of support, are clearly identified. Other configurations include families where affective ties persist but contact between the baby boomers and their entourage is less frequent. Few baby boomers have replaced family members with friends or remain socially isolated. These results show that the rise of individualism associated with the baby boomers has not weakened inter-generational ties, although tensions exist between the demands of family solidarity and individual projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As governments, committed to neo-liberalism but still committed to pursuing national economic success, seek for policy approaches that evade international competition law, they may turn to favouring national champion cities, usually but not always capital cities. This usually also favours particular industries and firms, but only indirectly. This is not the same as policies for favouring backward or declining regions, as the champions selected are already strong and well performing. The aim of policy is to make them even stronger, with resulting tension with pre-existing redistributive territorial policies. Examples are taken from a number of European cases, but with special emphasis on London and Paris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is the European Union about to develop a strategic culture? Analysis of past and present civilian missions under the European Security and Defence Policy in Africa and the assessment of the corresponding institutional setup in Brussels, including the Lisbon Treaty, does not deliver evidence for such a geopolitical quality. Most of the European Union member states continue to be preoccupied with the practical puzzle of the EU's internal build-up. At best the former colonial powers, especially Paris and London, seem to have an idea of a more far-reaching role of the EU on the African continent (see Libya). In the security field the European Union remains a collection of states with no common defence and not much collective, let alone unified, political will. It also lacks the ability to mount the resources for its declared international ambitions. Without these prerequisites for any development of a strategic culture Brussels is condemned to stay at the margin of an increasingly competitive multipolar world and to simply hope for some influence in individual cases of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the opening and closing ceremonies, one of the major non-sports events associated with the modern Olympic Games is the torch relay. Although initiated in 1936, the relay has been subject to relatively little academic scrutiny. The events of April 2008 however will have cast a long shadow on the practice. This essay focuses primarily on one week (6-13 April) in the press coverage of the 2008 torch relay as the flame made its way from London to Paris in Europe and then to San Francisco in the USA. It discusses the interpretations offered in the mediated coverage about the relay, the Olympic Movement, the host city and the locations where the relay was taking place, and critically analyses the role of agencies, both for and against the Olympics, that framed the ensuing debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the economic promotional strategies and institutions of two cities, Paris and London. Global and competitive contexts; Two approaches in response to a common economic context; Balance of actors and decision-making.