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Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of myelinated retinal nerve fibre (MRNF) in a large teleophthalmology system. Methods: All records between January 2015 and December 2015 from Daheng Prust teleophthalmology system were reviewed by 2 ophthalmologists independently. MRNF was classified into continuous group and discontinuous group according to the relationship between MRNF patches and optic disc. The number, total area and location of MRNF patches were analysed. Concomitant ocular diseases were documented. Results: Out of 51469 subjects, MRNF was detected in 304 eyes of 263 subjects with a prevalence rate of 0.51 ± 7.1% per subject and 0.30 ± 5.4% per eye. Among 304 eyes with MRNF, 239 (78.6%) eyes were in continuous group and 65 (21.4%) eyes were in discontinuous group. Single MRNF patch was found in 249 (81.9%) eyes and multiple MRNF patches were found in 55 (18.1%) eyes. MRNF of small size was found in 150 (49.3%) eyes. The ratios of multiple MRNF patches and small-sized MRNF in the continuous group were significantly higher than those in the discontinuous group (P =.014 and P <.001). In continuous group, the MRNF patches were located most frequently in the superior region (68.6%) of the optic disc; In discontinuous group, the MRNF patches were located most frequently in the inferotemporal region (38.5%) of the retina. Epiretinal membrane (12 eyes, 3.9%) was the most common concomitant ocular disease. Conclusion: MRNF is uncommon in China. MRNF usually presents unilaterally and as a single small whitish patch that is connected with optic disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the combined impacts of the operation time, design concept, and construction technology, extensive damage has occurred in tunnels built in China during the early stages of rapid development. Therefore, relevant research on tunnel damage is of urgent importance. This study takes the Liupanshan Highway Tunnel on G312 in Guyuan City as a case study, and uses field investigations, radar scans, and other methods to investigate the occurrence of a series of defects in the tunnel, including lining splitting, water leakage, and tunnel bottom damage, to analyze the damage characteristics and occurrence mechanism in detail based on both external causes and internal causes. From the results, by combing relevant materials both in China and abroad with the engineering characteristics, a comprehensive management method for reinforcing and strengthening damaged tunnels with a reinforced concrete umbrella arch is proposed. At the same time, considering the degradation in the bearing capacity of the existing lining structure and utilization degree of the bearing capacity of newly increased reinforced concrete umbrella arch, this study performs a theoretical analysis of the calculation for the safety factor of the reinforced damaged tunnel. The calculation results show that the reinforced Liupanshan Tunnel is in a secure state, which can provide references for similar projects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined the associations between perceived crime-specific victimization risk, avoidance behavior, and their relationships with health of older adults. Method: A representative sample of 453 Chinese aged 60 and older from Kunming provided information on their socio-demographic characteristics, perceived crime victimization risk, avoidance behavior, physical and mental health. Results: Avoidance behavior was common among participants, with 61.4% avoiding unsafe areas and 42.2% avoiding social activities. Path analyses showed that perceived risk of vandalism was associated with avoiding participating in social activities, while perceived risk of attack was related to avoiding unsafe areas during the day. Meanwhile, avoiding social activities and perceived risk of vandalism were significant predictors of poor mental health, and avoiding unsafe areas was a salient predictor of poor physical health. Perceived risk of attack had an indirect effect on physical health through avoiding unsafe areas during the day. Conclusion: Study findings highlight the importance of addressing perceived victimization risk in encouraging social participation and mobility among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]