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The problem of 'applicability' of mathematics to modern physical sciences has been labeled as an 'unreasonably effective' and unexplainable 'miracle' by prominent physicists such as Eugene Wigner and Paul Dirac. Philosophers of science from contending traditions have also contributed to the debates at large. While some have tried to trivialize the problem, others, in particular those with a phenomenological orientation, have attempted to eliminate this riddle, claiming that the two domains are 'identical'. This paper, while challenging some of these interpretations, proposes a solution from a dialectical materialist position. Drawing on Evald Ilyenkov's concept of the 'ideal' as the objectivized form of human activity in social nature, it is suggested that the two realms are necessarily interconnected as schemata of human activity which aim for a highly quantified conceptualization of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]