6,229 results
Search Results
2. Thinking outside the cardboard box: insights from a course to train rural Kenyans to make postural support devices from appropriate paper-based technology (APT) for children with cerebral palsy.
- Author
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Lindoewood, Rachel, Bracegirdle, Ceri, Samia, Pauline, Westmacott, Jean, and Lindoewood, Paul
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CEREBRAL palsy , *POSTURAL balance , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PRODUCT design , *ASSISTIVE technology , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *EVALUATION of human services programs - Abstract
Purpose: Suitable assistive devices for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries are often unavailable. Devices made from APT are in use in several countries but are unevaluated. Materials and methods: A 2-week training course focused on APT principles, measuring children and constructing postural support devices. Twenty-three Kenyans attended the course. The host organization identified four local children with CP who attended for assessment and measurement. Participants made the devices and children returned for fitting and necessary adjustment. Completion of post-course forms, action plans, visits after 14 months and contact 3 years later comprised the evaluation. Results: All participants found the course beneficial and valued the networking opportunity provided. They appreciated the practicality and utility of locally manufactured cost effective devices. The trainees planned further implementation to provide assistive devices for children with CP in their localities. Follow-up visits revealed several challenges to local ongoing production. Conclusions: Training people in low-income communities to make bespoke assistive devices for children with CP is straightforward, and the course was positively evaluated. However, maintaining device production is limited without local group support and stable leadership, ideally as part of an existing programme. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a cost effective way of fulfilling this need and it is relatively straightforward to train people who care for or work with those with CP to make devices using APT. Feedback from APT training suggests participants find the technique a practical way of producing assistive equipment for individuals with CP in their community. Maintaining device production requires support, leadership and increased public awareness of the use of APT at a local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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3. Planetary concerns as interruptions to aspiration-raising policy discourses: exploring potentialities for alternative modalities of aspiration.
- Author
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Kishik, Sharon and Pors, Justine Grønbæk
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EDUCATION policy ,SECONDARY education ,OPTIMISM ,SOCIAL structure ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
A rich literature has argued that so-called aspiration-raising policies tend to individualize structural conditions and thereby reproduce forms of inequality through young people's aspirations. This paper explores how aspiration-raising policy discourses are lived in ways that both accentuate but that might also contest their terms. Drawing on Lauren Berlant, we theorize aspiration as ongoing performances that can be altered and remade in affective scenes of interruption. We put our theorization to work in a longitudinal study that followed a young woman, Marie, throughout her upper secondary education. Whilst Marie's performances of aspiration predominantly chimed with such individualistic policy discourses, she would also describe moments where these performances were seemingly interrupted. These were moments where Marie vividly experienced concerns related to planetary crises. The analysis carefully unpacks these moments, and we argue that they bring Marie into contact with the political stakes in her life and lead her to search for alternative, more sustainable, and collective modalities of aspiration. Hence, supplementing previous studies that have shown how inequality is reproduced through aspirations, the paper contributes with new understandings of how alternative modalities of aspiration may emerge that potentially exceed structural limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Extending higher education recognition programs through a dedicated post-award reflective practice tool.
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Swiatek, Lukasz, Ducasse, Ana Maria, Coburn, Jennifer, Northcote, Maria, and Samarawickrema, Nirma
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OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEETINGS ,EMPLOYMENT portfolios ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
Higher education professional recognition programs, which lead to the awarding of such accolades as teaching and learning fellowships, offer participants opportunities to reflect carefully on their practice. However, few resources exist to help participants engage in reflection after the award-receiving stage. This reflection is important in helping participants not rest on their laurels and, instead, build on the practices for which they received recognition. Through a process of collaborative reflection, a group of fellowship-recipients, from different disciplines and higher education institutions, addressed this gap as stakeholder-participant-researchers by developing a transdisciplinary approach to undertaking post-award reflective practice. From this collaboration, a novel two-stage tool was developed using an iterative design methodology. The tool presented in this paper as the result of this research can be understood as a means of supporting self-paced, continued post-award reflective practice; the tool's first stage guides users through retrospective reflection, looking back on previous achievements, while the second stage leads users through anticipatory planning, looking towards the future, to achieve fresh goals. The tool thus deepens the reflective practice of recognition program awardees and supports their ongoing professional development. This paper reports on the development of this bespoke tool, which may be enacted in varied settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Comparison of three problem-based learning conditions (real patients, digital and paper) with lecture-based learning in a dermatology course: A prospective randomized study from China.
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Li, Jie, Li, Qing Ling, Li, Ji, Chen, Ming Liang, Xie, Hong Fu, Li, Ya Ping, and Chen, Xiang
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ANALYSIS of variance , *CHI-squared test , *DERMATOLOGY , *LECTURE method in teaching , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PROBLEM-based learning , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *AUTODIDACTICISM , *STATISTICS , *STUDENT attitudes , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STUDY & teaching of medicine - Abstract
Background: The precise effect and the quality of different cases used in dermatology problem-based learning (PBL) curricula are yet unclear. Aim: To prospectively compare the impact of real patients, digital, paper PBL (PPBL) and traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) on academic results and student perceptions. Methods: A total of 120 students were randomly allocated into either real-patients PBL (RPBL) group studied via real-patient cases, digital PBL (DPBL) group studied via digital-form cases, PPBL group studied via paper-form cases, or conventional group who received didactic lectures. Academic results were assessed through review of written examination, objective structured clinical examination and student performance scores. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to evaluate student perceptions. Results: Compared to those receiving lectures only, all PBL participants had better results for written examination, clinical examination and overall performance. Students in RPBL group exhibited better overall performance than those in the other two PBL groups. Real-patient cases were more effective in helping develop students' self-directed learning skills, improving their confidence in future patient encounters and encouraging them to learn more about the discussed condition, compared to digital and paper cases. Conclusion: Both real patient and digital triggers are helpful in improving students' clinical problem-handling skills. However, real patients provide greater benefits to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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6. A resource analysis of the use of the video function of electronic devices for home exercise instruction in rehabilitation.
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Emmerson, Kellie B., Harding, Katherine E., Fong, Cynthia, and Taylor, Nicholas F.
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MULTIMEDIA systems ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HOME care services ,MEDICAL care costs ,COST effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HOME rehabilitation ,EXERCISE therapy ,VIDEO recording ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
To compare resources required to provide paper-based versus videoed instructions for home exercises in rehabilitation. An observational cohort study included twenty-two allied health professionals (physiotherapists [n = 13], occupational therapists [n = 6] and speech pathologists [n = 3]), providing exercise instructions for n = 110 patients within a community rehabilitation program of a large metropolitan health service. Home exercise instructions were provided to patients with various health conditions. Patients chose between receiving paper-based home exercise instructions, or using their own smart technology to video their home exercises. The primary outcome measure was cost from a health service perspective, based on health professional time, paper used, and printing. A total of 128 initial home exercise instructions were provided to 110 patients, with 36 patients reviewed at least once. Each initial exercise instruction provided using electronic devices saved 5.5 min (95% CI 0.5 to 10.5) with a cost saving of Australian dollar $4.70 (95% CI −8.89 to −0.52) compared with paper-based instructions. There were no significant cost differences (MD $1.16 95% CI −3.87 to 6.18) between modes for exercise review. Home exercise instructions provided on electronic devices cost less than paper-based instructions when patients are using their own smart devices. Costs are minimised when home exercise instructions are provided using the video function of the patient's own electronic devices compared with paper-based instructions. Since patient outcomes appear to be similar with instructions provided in electronic or paper-based mode, exercise instructions in community rehabilitation should be provided using the video function of electronic devices where these are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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7. Strategizing in agency reform: a longitudinal case study from The Netherlands.
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Zwaan, Pieter, van Thiel, Sandra, and Zonneveld, Michelle
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LONGITUDINAL method ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,REFORMS ,AGENT (Philosophy) ,EDUCATIONAL change - Abstract
Copyright of Public Money & Management is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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8. Intersections of age and agency as trans and gender diverse children navigate primary school: listening to children in (re)considering the potential of sexuality education.
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Neary, Aoife
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GENDER-nonconforming people , *ELEMENTARY schools , *RESEARCH funding , *QUALITATIVE research , *GENDER identity , *TRANSGENDER people , *PSYCHOLOGY of school children , *SEX education , *INTERVIEWING , *AGE distribution , *DECISION making , *LONGITUDINAL method , *TEACHERS , *THEMATIC analysis , *RESEARCH methodology , *PRACTICAL politics , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The adult-centric concept of 'age-appropriateness' is an arbitrary signifier and yet it commands a powerful common-sense appeal in governing the shape of sexuality education. The visibility of LGBTQ+ lives in primary schools is deeply impacted by the cis-heteronormative ways in which age-appropriateness is commonly understood and mobilised; very often resulting in silence and delay. The concept of age-appropriateness also becomes entangled with moral panics about 'promoting' LGBTQ+ lives, or children being somehow 'recruited' to identify as LGBTQ+. This paper draws on findings from a study with the parents of eleven trans and gender diverse children (then aged between 5 and 13) conducted in 2017, as well as a follow-up study conducted with seven participants from the same group of parents and children in 2022. The paper explores how the politics of age and agency intersect and become intensified as trans and gender diverse children and their parents navigate and make decisions about their bodies, lives and everyday worlds in primary schools. These stories of trans and gender diverse children provide an arresting invitation to adults to attend closely to the rich stories of children themselves in (re)considering the potential of sexuality education across contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Cohort methods and applications in human biology.
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Johnson, William and Cole, Tim J.
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HUMAN biology ,LONGITUDINAL method ,BREASTFEEDING ,PERSONAL identification numbers ,RESEARCH grants - Abstract
Cohort studies can broadly be defined as any non-interventional study in which a group of individuals are recruited (at any point in their lives) and followed up over time. The UK does not have an equivalent "sequential" birth cohort study but instead has a series of much larger nationally representative birth cohort studies initiated in 1946, 1958, 1970, and 2000 (Elliott and Shepherd [9]; Power and Elliott [24]; Wadsworth et al. [30]; Kuh et al. [19]; Hansen [13]). Using data from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study (Prentice et al. [25]), the special issue paper by Ong et al. provides evidence that the prediction of childhood percentage body fat by infant weight gain is unlikely to be largely improved upon by incorporation of infant length and skinfold thickness data. The special issue paper by Hardy & O'Neill is a commentary outlining the work of CLOSER on harmonising existing data across the UK studies, developing a meta-data platform containing information (in one place) on what has been collected in which studies and when, and building capacity in the necessary advanced analytical skills for cross-cohort analyses of longitudinal data. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2020
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10. Insider econometrics meets people analytics and strategic human resource management.
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Larsson, Anne-Sophie and Edwards, Martin R.
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PERSONNEL management ,ECONOMETRICS ,VALUE (Economics) ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ECONOMIC research - Abstract
Researchers in the field of HRM and Strategic HRM have for several decades engaged in research endeavours to identify the link between HR investments and firm performance. Despite this, the field still has some way to go to definitively demonstrate this causal relationship; partly due to the cross-sectional nature of much of this research. In the current paper, we give a brief overview of the SHRM field and the benefits that the new subfield of People Analytics (PA) might bring to the area. We also conduct a brief survey of research in Insider Econometrics, an approach used in Personnel Economics to produce empirical estimates of the value of HR practices, to highlight longitudinal intra-firm research in economics that could provide insights to research exploring the HR investment-performance link (important in both SHRM and PA fields). We discuss the value of combining the business impact perspective of People Analytics that has a unique 'inside' (intra-firm) position, with the longitudinal intra-firm analysis approaches utilized in Insider Econometrics. We suggest that People Analytics researchers, who are able to draw on the theoretical developments in HRM field, would benefit from exploring existing research insights and methodological techniques used within the field of Insider Econometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Fall definitions, faller classifications and outcomes used in falls research among people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
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O'Malley, Nicola, Clifford, Amanda M., Comber, Laura, and Coote, Susan
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MULTIPLE sclerosis ,CINAHL database ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CONTENT mining ,ACCIDENTAL falls ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,LONGITUDINAL method ,AMED (Information retrieval system) ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
To identify the definitions of a fall, faller classifications and outcomes used in prospectively-recorded falls research among people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles was conducted using electronic databases. Relevant data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second independent reviewer. Twenty-six papers met the inclusion criteria. A relative degree of heterogeneity existed amongst studies for the outcomes of interest to this review. Thirteen different fall definitions were identified. Fourteen different falls outcomes were used across the included studies, with six of these reported by only one study each. Data regarding injurious falls were presented by only eight papers. The majority (n = 17) of papers classified individuals as a faller if they fell at least once. This review highlights the large variation in fall definitions, faller classifications and outcomes used in this research field. This hinders cross-comparison and pooling of data, thereby preventing researchers and clinicians from drawing conclusive findings from existing literature. The creation of an international standard for the definition of a fall, faller classification and falls outcomes would allow for transparent and coordinated falls research for people with MS, facilitating progression in this research field. Falls are a common occurrence among people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) resulting in numerous negative consequences. There is large heterogeneity in the definitions, methods and outcomes used in falls research for people with MS. This lack of standardisation prevents the accurate cross-comparison and pooling of data, impeding the identification of falls risk factors and effective falls prevention interventions for people with MS. Consequently, clinicians should interpret the outcomes of falls research for people with MS with caution, particularly when comparing studies regarding falls risk assessments and falls prevention interventions for use in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Strategic flood risk management over time. Applying a temporal lens to see how flood risk management measures are (or are not) implemented.
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Thaler, Thomas, Hutter, Gérard, and Seher, Walter
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FLOOD risk , *TIME management , *HISTORICAL institutionalism (Sociology) , *WATERSHEDS , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Strategic flood risk management of river catchments involves significant increases in the complexity both of the contents (e.g. the aims and measures) of a given strategy and also its social, spatial, and temporal scales. Conceptually, flood risk management research to date has underestimated the importance of time and temporality. This paper, which is based on ‘historical Institutionalism,’ introduces a temporal lens to focus on strategic flood risk management; it highlights issues of duration and timing as well as tempo and change in tempo with respect to the implementation of measures to reduce flood risk at catchment level. The application of a temporal lens is illustrated through empirical research into strategic flood risk management for the medium-sized Aist river catchment in Austria. The paper uses a longitudinal qualitative research design to analyze the changes in strategic flood risk management in the catchment. The analysis shows that strategy efforts in reaction to an extreme flood event in the catchment in August 2002 can be differentiated into three phases. Phase 1 is characterized by the design of ambitious catchment-wide management; Phase 2 by struggles to implement the strategy due to institutional conditions and protests by citizens; and Phase 3 by redesign of the initial strategic plan to make it less ambitious and by changes to the actor constellation supporting the plan. The present paper offers a process-oriented institutional explanation for this pattern of phases, and it highlights issues of timing and tempo. It concludes with general suggestions for enhancing the temporal dimension in flood risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Effects of California's Paid Family Leave Law on Caregiving by Older Adults.
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Abramowitz, Joelle and Dillender, Marcus
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GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *WORK-life balance , *PARENT-child relationships , *LEAVE of absence , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers , *EMPLOYEE attitudes , *OLD age - Abstract
In 2004, California became the first state to require that employers provide paid family leave (PFL) to their employees. This paper examines the effect of California's PFL law on time spent caregiving to parents and to grandchildren by older adults aged 50–79. To identify the effect of the law, the paper uses the 1998–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and a difference-in-differences approach comparing outcomes in California to other states before and after the implementation of the law. Results suggest that the law induced a switch in caregiving behavior with older adults spending less time caring for grandchildren and more time helping parents. Focusing on women, results further suggest that PFL affected older adults both through their own leave-taking and through reallocations of their caregiving time in response to leave-taking by new parents. The findings motivate thinking more broadly when calculating the costs and benefits of PFL policies; to the extent that California's PFL law enabled older adults to provide more care for their parents they otherwise would not have received, such an outcome represents an indirect benefit of the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Profiling the status of out-of-field teaching in Western Australia: graduate teacher and principal perspectives.
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E Wyatt, Janine and Hobbs, Linda
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MENTORING , *TEACHER-principal relationships , *CAREER development , *RESEARCH questions , *LONGITUDINAL method , *TEACHERS - Abstract
This paper shows how system-level data can generate useful insights into the profile of first-year graduates who are teaching out-of-field (OOF). Understanding in-school demand and impacts on first-year graduates teaching OOF is important, especially when the first years of teaching are complex, busy, and involve a steep learning curve. A mixed methods sequential explanatory design was used to generate qualitative and quantitative data collected from teacher and principal surveys. This study establishes the prevalence of OOF teaching amongst first-year graduates in Western Australian public schools and develops a profile of their OOF experiences and support needs based on their perceptions and their principals' perceptions. This study details the supports that will make a difference to teachers' capability, in particular a reduction in load where the OOF teaching workload is high, and access to formal subject-specific mentoring, both noted in research as important support mechanisms. This paper provokes new research questions, highlights areas for further research, and establishes the need for more large-scale datasets and longitudinal studies to examine change over time and the enduring effects of OOF teaching, both in relation to transitions into teaching, as teachers learn on-the-job, and when teachers undertake formal professional development programmes or courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Pivoting in the Pandemic: Reflections of Graduates of a UK Fast Track Social Work Programme.
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Baginsky, Mary, Manthorpe, Jill, and Ixer, Graham
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SOCIAL workers ,SOCIAL services ,GRADUATE students ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,INTERNSHIP programs ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,STAY-at-home orders ,STUDENTS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SURVEYS ,THEMATIC analysis ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,TELECOMMUTING ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EMPLOYMENT ,VOCATIONAL guidance - Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the findings of a small-scale longitudinal survey of trainees who embarked on one 14-month Step Up to Social Work (SUSW) qualifying programme in January 2020, just prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions in the United Kingdom (UK). It explores their responses to changes made to their placements during their training and the impact on their subsequent employment. Three surveys were administered to this cohort (n = 30; 25 of whom agreed to participate): just before trainees completed their training in May 2021 (n = 23), halfway through their Assessed and Supported Year in Employment (ASYE) in January 2022 (n = 19) and at the end of this in September 2022 (n = 15). Respondents felt at least adequately prepared for social work, despite having missed much direct work with children and families during placements. Online learning and consultations through lectures and supervision were acceptable modifications but face-to-face interactions and colleagues' guidance were missed in placements and initial employment. The implications of this are discussed for this specific route to qualification and initial employment as social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. The durability of previous examinations for cancer: Danish nationwide cohort study.
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Lykkegaard, Jesper, Olsen, Jonas Kanstrup, Wehberg, Sonja, and Jarbøl, Dorte Ejg
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RESEARCH funding ,CYSTOSCOPY ,EARLY detection of cancer ,HUMAN beings ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHEST X rays ,LONGITUDINAL method ,GASTROSCOPY ,MAMMOGRAMS ,MEDICAL screening ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,COLONOSCOPY - Abstract
Patients previously examined for cancer with a negative result may present in general practice with ongoing or new symptoms or signs suggestive of cancer. This paper explores the potential existence of a relatively safe period for cancer occurrence after receiving negative examination results for specific types of cancer, including lung (CT thorax), upper gastrointestinal (gastroscopy), colorectal (colonoscopy), bladder (cystoscopy), and breast (clinical mammography). Register-based time-to-event analyses. Denmark. All 3.3 million citizens aged 30–85 years who on January first, 2017, had not previously been diagnosed with the specific type of cancer were categorized based on the time since their most recent examination. Using 1-year follow-up, we calculated the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios of being diagnosed with the related cancer, with non-examined individuals as reference. Negative examination results were defined as the absence of a cancer diagnosis within 6 months following the examination. Previous negative examination results were common, also among those diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. For 10 years after a negative colonoscopy the risk of diagnosing a colorectal cancer was nearly halved. However, already 1 year after a clinical mammography and 2 years after a CT thorax the risk of diagnosing the related cancers was significantly higher among those with a previous negative result compared to non-examined individuals. This study did not identify a post-examination period in which the cancer risk, compared to non-examined individuals, was sufficiently low to confidently rule out any of the investigated cancers. What should one expect when considering re-examining a patient with a negative result of a previous examination for cancer? We found that previous negative examination results are common in the general population and among those subsequently diagnosed with cancer. We did not find a safe period after any of the examinations in which a negative result alone could safely rule out the presence of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Retrospective review of the efficacy for sublingual ketamine in the treatment of chronic low back pain defined by a cause and central functional pain symptom focused clinical model.
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Johnson, David, Feng, Lanxuan, and Johnson, Charlotte
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HEALTH literacy , *MEDICAL logic , *LIFESTYLES , *CHRONIC pain , *KETAMINE , *SUBLINGUAL drug administration , *OUTPATIENT services in hospitals , *PATIENT safety , *QUALITATIVE research , *DISEASE management , *EXERCISE therapy , *REHABILITATION , *MOVEMENT disorders , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *TERTIARY care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *TREATMENT duration , *FUNCTIONAL status , *LONGITUDINAL method , *DRUG efficacy , *MATHEMATICAL models , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *PAIN management , *THEORY , *LUMBAR pain , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Chronic low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. A clinical model for its cause is lacking. Defining a cause based clinical model and a framework of understanding back pain in terms of peripheral structural and central functional pain is essential for optimal management. We describe the results of the largest published audit of 41 chronic low back pain patients, receiving outpatient sublingual ketamine therapy for defined central functional pain along with conventional peripheral structural pain management. Our clinical model assigns Movement Dysfunction as the primary cause for low back pain symptoms and restores it with Movement Therapy focused rehabilitation which is also defined. Patients were derived from a tertiary single neurosurgical specialist practice in Brisbane Australia over a three year period. Severe pain and disability measurements more than halved and only 13% of patients ceased ketamine prematurely due to predominantly non-sinister side effects common to all pharmaceutical therapies. All other surveyed metrics of utility were highly favourable in this challenging cohort of chronic back pain patients biased to poor outcomes. Outpatient ketamine maintains high efficacy and safety used in conjunction with a unique clinical model that describes chronic low back pain. This paper builds on our previous publications that describe the disease of movement dysfunction as an integral factor to the development of a cause based clinical model for the condition of chronic low back pain symptoms. Our clinical application of this model, applying the necessary dual approach of controlling symptoms arising from peripheral structural pain and central functional pain in conjunction with elimination of root causation has shown favourable outcomes in patients with high levels of pain and disability based on their tertiary referral origin and high Oswestry Disability Scores. Removing chronic low back pain from its position as one of the world's leading causes of pain and disability is more likely if the rehabilitation industry can replicate and test treatment algorithms based around established clinical models of disease which is the important subject of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Drivers of land use efficiency among ethnic minority groups in Vietnam: a longitudinal study.
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Nguyen-Anh, Tuan, Hoang-Duc, Chinh, Le-Ngoc, Anh, and Nguyen-An, Thinh
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- *
LAND use , *MINORITIES , *PROPENSITY score matching , *LAND tenure , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
This paper examines factors influencing agricultural land-use efficiency among 35 ethnic minority groups in Vietnam during the 2010–2018 period. A hybrid approach comprising the Difference-in-Difference model with Propensity Score Matching (DID_PSM) is adopted to examine the effect of different land sizes, land elevations, and land tenure on land-use efficiency. The results show that: (1) land size and agricultural production form an 'U-shaped' relationship; (2) farming on high land decreases efficiency by around 7.7%–8.0%; (3) farmers purchasing or hiring land in long-term are 7.3%–8.2% more efficient. The paper also discusses typical land characteristics of mountainous areas including steep and fragmentation related to the three comparing factors. From these results, implications are made for Vietnamese authorities about 'land accumulation' policies and other 'farming on elevation' techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. The APGO Academic Scholars and Leaders Program: Supporting obstetrics and gynecology faculty development for 20 years.
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Steinauer, Jody E., Hueppchen, Nancy A., Ricciotti, Hope A., Stritter, Frank T., DaRosa, Debra A., Toepper, Kelly S., and Learman, Lee A.
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EVALUATION of human services programs ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,SCHOLARLY method ,LEADERSHIP ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,GYNECOLOGY ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,OBSTETRICS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CONTENT analysis ,CURRICULUM planning ,TEACHER development ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
We evaluate the impacts of the Academic Scholars and Leaders (ASL) Program in achieving 3 key objectives: treatment of education as a scholarly pursuit, improved education leadership, and career advancement. We report on the twenty-year experience of the ASL Program—a national, longitudinal faculty development program of the Association of Professors of Obstetrics and Gynecology (APGO) covering instruction, curriculum development/program evaluation, assessment/feedback, leadership/professional development, and educational scholarship. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey of ASL participants who graduated in 1999–2017. We sought evidence of impact using Kirkpatrick's 4-level framework. Descriptive quantitative data were analyzed, and open-ended comments were organized using content analysis. 64% (260) of graduates responded. The vast majority (96%) felt the program was extremely worthwhile (Kirkpatrick level 1). Graduates cited learned skills they had applied to their work, most commonly curricular development (48%) and direct teaching (38%) (Kirkpatrick 2&3 A). Since participation, 82% of graduates have held institutional, education-focused leadership roles (Kirkpatrick 3B). Nineteen percent had published the ASL project as a manuscript and 46% additional education papers (Kirkpatrick 3B). The APGO ASL program has been associated with successful outcomes in treatment of education as a scholarly pursuit, education leadership, and career advancement. Going forward, APGO is considering ways to diversify the ASL community and to support educational research training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. The Ascent of Geopolitics: Scientometric Analysis and Ramifications of Geopolitical Risk.
- Author
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Aysan, Ahmet Faruk, Polat, Ali Yavuz, Tekin, Hasan, and Tunalı, Ahmet Semih
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SCIENTOMETRICS ,GEOPOLITICS ,DATABASE searching ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
In recent years, geopolitical risk (GPR) has been a crucial factor in investment decisions and stock markets. Therefore, we explore the research on the GPR by employing bibliometric and scientometric analytical techniques. We find 366 scientific contributions in December 2021 from the Scopus database by searching 'Geopolitical risk' in abstracts, keywords, and titles. Our findings show that GPR research has gained momentum in the last three years. Specifically, the journal Defence and Peace Economics has one of the highest numbers of research and citation on GPR. Authors in Asia also dominate the GPR literature. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by presenting the existing research that may give new insights for prospective studies in GPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Physical Performance-Based Outcome Measures in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients: COSMIN-Based Systematic Review.
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Özden, Fatih and Tümtürk, İsmet
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,OBESITY ,TOTAL hip replacement ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,ACQUISITION of data ,CASE-control method ,INTER-observer reliability ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,BODY movement ,MEDICAL records ,INTRACLASS correlation ,MEDLINE ,MEASUREMENT errors ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OLD age - Abstract
Aims: The purpose of the present review was to conduct a COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN)-based analysis of the physical performance tests in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Method: Databases were searched on February 2021 in "PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science" literature databases. The "COSMIN tool" was chosen to determine the quality and potential bias of the enclosed papers. "Narrative synthesis" was conducted due to the heterogenous data of the articles. Results: Twelve publications were enrolled in the review. Seven studies analyzed "intra-rater reliability," seven study "validity," six study "measurement error," one study "inter-rater reliability," and one study presented "responsiveness analysis." Conclusion: This review proved the psychometric properties of performances tests in THA, regarding COSMIN guidelines. The analysis result of studies yielded a "good" or "fair" quality design. Most of the studies (7) focused on gait-based test. Further studies should focus on "inter-rater reliability, responsiveness, and floor-ceiling effect". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
22. Eating with children: a practice theoretical study of foodwork in transitioning to parenthood.
- Author
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Karademir Hazır, Irmak
- Subjects
- *
DIETARY patterns , *SEXUAL division of labor , *PARENTHOOD , *FOOD preferences , *PARENTS , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
This paper explores how the transition to parenthood reshapes foodwork in families by drawing on ethnographic, longitudinal research conducted with parents of young children in the south-east of England. It utilizes the conceptual framework offered by practice theory and unpacks how parents' interpretations, techniques, and emotions surrounding eating transform as feeding and eating become routinized. The findings demonstrate the profound influence of feeding young children on the perception and practice of commensality at home. Mealtimes are increasingly recognized as crucial moments for transmitting manners and tastes across generations. Moreover, the analysis reveals that caregiving and other practices have a ripple effect on adults' eating practices, leading to changes in their food priorities, meal schedules, practical arrangements, and even the division of labor along gender lines. The findings underline the complexity of implementing institutional advice, for instance on "good" child feeding, as it requires changes in parents' own food practices and emotional relationships with food. By emphasizing the lived experiences of practitioners, this paper supports the growing call to incorporate identities, such as gender, into practice theoretical analysis, ultimately enhancing our understanding of how practices evolve and endure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
23. Developing and using matrix methods for analysis of large longitudinal qualitative datasets in out-of-home-care research.
- Author
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Hodgson, David, Cordier, Reinie, Parsons, Lauren, Walter, Brontë, Chikwava, Fadzai, Watts, Lynelle, Thoresen, Stian, Martinez, Matthew, and Chung, Donna
- Subjects
- *
MIXED methods research , *LONGITUDINAL method , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH personnel , *RESEARCH teams , *DATA integration - Abstract
Managing and analysing large qualitative datasets pose a particular challenge for researchers seeking a consistent and rigorous approach to qualitative data analysis. This paper describes and demonstrates the development and adoption of a matrix tool to guide the qualitative data analysis of a large sample (N = 122) of interview data. The paper articulates the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the matrix analysis tool and how it was developed and applied in a longitudinal mixed methods out-of-home-care research study. Specific illustrations and examples of data integration and data analysis are provided to demonstrate the benefits and potentials of constructing matrix tools to guide research teams when working with large qualitative data sets alone or in combination with quantitative data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
24. A regression tree method for longitudinal and clustered data with multivariate responses.
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Jing, Wenbo and Simonoff, Jeffrey S.
- Subjects
REGRESSION trees ,PANEL analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MULTICASTING (Computer networks) - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a tree-based method called Multivariate RE-EM tree, which combines the regression tree and the linear mixed effects model for modeling multivariate response longitudinal or clustered data. The Multivariate RE-EM tree method estimates a population-level single tree structure that is driven by the multiple responses simultaneously and object-level random effects for each response variable, where correlation between the response variables and between the associated random effects are each allowed. Through simulation studies, we verify the advantage of the Multivariate RE-EM tree over the use of multiple univariate RE-EM trees and the Multivariate Regression Tree. We apply the Multivariate RE-EM tree to analyze a real data set that contains multidimensional nonfinancial characteristics of poverty of different countries as responses, and various potential causes of poverty as predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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25. (Re)assembling the Self: Homeless Young People's Identity Journeys and the Search for Ontological Security.
- Author
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Mayock, Paula
- Subjects
HOMELESS youth ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,ONTOLOGY ,QUALITATIVE research ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Homelessness is frequently assumed to be a fixed state that suspends people in time and space as they enter into contexts and environments where they struggle to exert control over their lives and their futures. Furthermore, a multitude of negative identities are ascribed to people who are homeless based on their lack of stable housing. A growing literature has contributed to a more nuanced understanding of the identity "work" engaged in by youth who experience homelessness. Nonetheless, most studies have examined the construction of identity cross-sectionally; in many cases, exclusively or primarily through the lens of youths' experience of street and shelter life. Additionally, while the home has long since been argued to provide a secure base around which identities are constructed and ontological security attained, the intersection of identity with ontological security has, hitherto, not been adequately addressed within the youth homelessness literature. This paper examines the identity journeys of homeless young people based on selected findings from a six-year biographical longitudinal study of homeless youth in Dublin, Ireland. The analysis—which is organised according to the themes of rupture, the interruption of trust, and the (re)assembling of self—builds on existing studies by engaging with the concept of ontological security alongside an examination of young people's accounts of, and reflections on, their journeys through and, in some cases, out of homelessness. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of understanding the identity stories of homeless youth through longitudinal biographical narration and addresses the policy implications arising from the findings presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
26. Use of a platelet-rich fibrin membrane to repair traumatic tympanic membrane perforations: a comparative study.
- Author
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Gür, Özer Erdem, Ensari, Nuray, Mehmet Türker Öztürk, Boztepe, Osman Fatih, Gün, Taylan, Selçuk, Ömer Tarık, and Renda, Levent
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CONVALESCENCE ,FIBRIN tissue adhesive ,LONGITUDINAL method ,WOUND healing ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,TYMPANIC membrane perforation - Abstract
Objectives: (1) To evaluate the effects of a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane in the repair of traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations; and (2) to compare the use of a PRF membrane with the paper patch technique with regard to recovery rates, healing time, and correction of the mean air-bone gap. Methods: A randomized, prospective analysis was performed for 60 patients who were treated for traumatic TM perforations using one of the two methods. Closure rate, speed of healing, and hearing gain were compared between the PRF (Group 1) and paper patch (Group 2) groups. Results: Closure was obtained in 28 (93%) perforations in Group 1 and 25 (83%) perforations in Group 2 (p>0.05). On day 10, full closure of the TM was observed in 24 (80%) patients in Group 1 and 16 (53%) patients in Group 2 (p<0.05). The improvement in the mean air-bone gap was 14.1 dB in Group 1 and 12.4 dB in Group 2 on post-operative day 45 (p<0.05). Conclusions: In comparison with the paper patch method, PRF, a new method, provided more rapid healing with more successful audiological results, and with no requirement for a second procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Effects of a model for multidisciplinary peer observation of teaching in teacher professional development and in nurturing a reflective school.
- Author
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Mouraz, Ana, Pinto, Daniela, and Cristina Torres, Ana
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EVALUATION of teaching ,TEACHING methods ,AFFINITY groups ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CONFIDENCE ,SELF-perception ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,CONTENT analysis ,TEACHER development ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Peer observation of teaching has for long been defended as a valuable device of professional and institutional development in higher education, but is almost unexplored at primary- and secondary-level schools. This paper introduces a model for multidisciplinary peer observation of teaching that has been developed and implemented in a professional development programme in two Portuguese school clusters of basic and secondary education in collaboration with its teachers. After four years of developing the programme in these school clusters, a case study was conducted through a qualitative analysis of observation guides completed throughout the years (N = 563) to identify perceived effects of participating in the programme for both teacher professional development and reflective practices. The programme emerged as a powerful initiative to foster teacher collaboration, innovation, and reflection for improving practices. Implications related to current national curriculum and educational policies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
28. 'It all started so long ago' – researchers' reflections on a longitudinal study.
- Author
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Biscomb, Kay, Matheson, Hilary, and Flatten, Kay
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CONCEPTUAL structures ,ETHNOLOGY ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,LONGITUDINAL method ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,WORK ,PRINT materials - Abstract
Media analysis is an established area of sport sociology and has been a theme for systematic investigation since the mid-1980s. In this paper, we reflect on our research experiences of undertaking a longitudinal study in print media analysis since 1996. Following a collaborative inquiry framework, we combined autoethnographic narrative interwoven with a focus group interview. This paper aims to document our personal and professional experiences of a research group during an extended study and shares some recommendations based on our reflections. Themes of longitudinal challenges, disappointment, and sisterhood as researchers and friends are presented. By exploring our research experiences and, through them, the changes to the research area and processes we hope to illuminate our research journeys for others to critique and understand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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29. Ethnic diversity in the UK: new opportunities and changing constraints.
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Platt, Lucinda and Nandi, Alita
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CULTURAL pluralism ,ETHNIC groups ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
The study of ethnicity and migration is a fast evolving field. Much remains to be understood about economic, social, demographic and health outcomes across ethnic groups and generations, and the extent of integration and exclusion of different immigrant-origin groups in countries of destination. While cross-national studies are increasingly shedding light on issues of differential migrant selection and institutional influences, detailed single-country studies, based on high quality nationally representative data have much to offer in enhancing our understanding of diversity within and between groups. The introduction to this special issue on 'ethnic diversity in the UK: new opportunities and changing constraints' provides a background to the contributions in the issue by outlining key research agendas relating to immigrant and ethnic minority groups in Western Europe. It then elaborates why the UK represents a good case for exploring ethnic diversity and change; and outlines the contributions made by the papers in the issue. We highlight the distinctive features of the data source used in the papers, Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We also consider limitations in the data and in the applications in the issue. We conclude by briefly outlining the policy-relevant contributions of the papers in the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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30. Assessing completeness of patient medical records of surgical and obstetric patients in Northern Tanzania.
- Author
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Lodge, William, Menon, Gopal, Kuchukhidze, Salome, Jumbam, Desmond T., Maongezi, Sarah, Alidina, Shehnaz, Nguhuni, Boniface, Kapologwe, Ntuli A., and Varallo, John
- Subjects
CONTINUUM of care ,DOCUMENTATION ,HEALTH facilities ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL records ,OBSTETRICS ,PATIENTS ,PATIENT safety ,SEPSIS ,SURGERY ,SURGICAL site infections ,DATA quality ,DISEASE incidence ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Strengthening surgical services in resource-constrained settings is contingent on using high-quality data to inform decision making at clinical, facility, and policy levels. However, the evidence is sparse on gaps in paper-based medical record quality for surgical and obstetric patients in low-resource settings. We aim to examine surgical and obstetric patient medical record data quality in health facilities as part of a surgical system strengthening initiative in northern Tanzania. To measure the incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), sepsis and maternal sepsis surgical and obstetric inpatients were followed prospectively, over three months in ten primary, district, and regional health facilities in northern Tanzania. Between April 22nd to May 1st, 2018, we retrospectively reviewed paper-based medical records of surgical and obstetric patients diagnosed with SSIs, post-operative sepsis, and maternal sepsis in the three-month follow-up period. A data quality assessment tool with18 data elements related to documentation of SSIs and sepsis diagnosis, their respective symptoms and vital signs, inpatient daily monitoring indicators, and demographic information was developed and used to assess the completeness of patient medical records. Among the 157 patients diagnosed with SSI and sepsis, we found and reviewed 68% of all medical records. Among records reviewed, approximately one third (34%) and one quarter (23%) included documentation of SSI and sepsis diagnoses, respectively. 6% of reviewed records included documentation of all SSI and sepsis diagnoses, symptoms and vital signs, inpatient daily monitoring indicators, and demographic data. Strengthening data quality and record-keeping is essential for surgical team communication, continuity of care, and patient safety, especially in low resource settings where paper-based records are the primary means of data collection. High-quality primary health information provides facilities with actionable data for improving surgical and obstetric care quality at the facility level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The detrimental role of punitive parenting in psychological well-being of children with learning disabilities: a longitudinal study.
- Author
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Yotyodying, Sittipan, Wild, Elke, and Schwinger, Malte
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PARENTING ,PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being ,LEARNING disabilities ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SELF-esteem in children - Abstract
In accordance with self-determination theory, this paper examined whether punitive parenting (child and parent reports) would predict psychological well-being (i.e., self-esteem, affect, life satisfaction) of children with learning disabilities over time. We analysed data from 300 German children with learning disabilities who were surveyed in Grades 3 and 4 and their parents (N = 300), who were surveyed only once in Grade 3. Cross-sectional results in Grade 3 demonstrated negative associations between children's perceived punitive parenting and all child well-being outcomes, whereas parent report of punitive parenting was not associated with any well-being outcomes. In terms of longitudinal relations, children's perceptions of greater punitive parenting in Grade 3 resulted in greater negative affect in Grade 4. Results and implications of this paper are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Informal sports for youth recovery: grassroots strategies in conflict and disaster geographies.
- Author
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Thorpe, Holly
- Subjects
SOCIAL belonging ,SELF-expression ,PHYSICAL geography ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SPORTS ,GRASSROOTS movements ,GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Researchers across an array of disciplines are focused on measuring the potential of specially designed programs – sport, movement, and/or arts-based – for supporting the recovery of youth in contexts of conflict and disaster. Yet, few such projects engage youth directly to capture their experiences of trauma and recovery, and too many continue to assume youth are 'victims' requiring 'our' (adult-designed) versions of support. This paper seeks to move scholarship, policy and practice beyond the 'deficit model' by providing space for local voices and prioritizing the creative grassroots strategies devised by youth to support their own recovery. Drawing upon three case studies and a multi-method approach (interviews with digital ethnography) it reveals the social and cultural benefits of grassroots informal sporting activities, particularly in providing youth with opportunities for valued forms of physical self-expression and escapism, social connectedness, and possibilities to redefine physical and emotional geographies. In so doing, this paper reveals informal sports as critical resources taken up by youth within situations and systems where their specific needs are too often marginalized. It also highlights the opportunities in alternative methodologies – i.e. longitudinal research, sustained digital observations – for building relationships and amplifying the voices of youth in conflict and post-disaster geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Study on longitudinal dynamics of heavy haul trains running on long and steep downhills.
- Author
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Liu, Wentao, Su, Shuai, Tang, Tao, and Cao, Yuan
- Subjects
RUNNING training ,AIR warfare ,LONGITUDINAL method ,BRAKE systems ,AIR forces ,DIESEL locomotives - Abstract
This paper investigates the longitudinal dynamics performance of the combined heavy haul trains, especially for the cyclic air braking strategy on the long and steep downhill segments. Firstly, the mathematical models for calculating the longitudinal forces in the longitudinal train dynamics simulations are formulated. The brake delay time between neighbouring cars and the pressure variation of the brake cylinders in the braking and releasing processes are considered in the air braking force model. Besides, the nonlinear hysteresis characteristic of the coupler-draft gear system is taken into account in the coupler force model. The Newmark-β method is introduced as a numerical solver in this paper. Finally, the simulations based on the real-word infrastructure and vehicle data of the Shuozhou-Huanghua Line are carried out to study the longitudinal dynamics of the combined heavy haul trains with two distributed locomotives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Long-term community integration study of an affordable manual standing wheelchair.
- Author
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Daniel Frederick, Samson, Shaikh-Mohammed, Javeed, Suresh, Gayatri, and Sujatha, S.
- Subjects
- *
WHEELCHAIRS , *INDEPENDENT living , *PHYSICAL therapists' attitudes , *HEALTH attitudes , *PRODUCT design , *REHABILITATION , *LONG-term health care , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *OCCUPATIONAL therapists , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *BODY movement , *PATIENT satisfaction , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *RANGE of motion of joints , *PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Purpose: The manual, user-operated Arise Standing Wheelchair (SWC) is the end result of multiple design iterations based on findings and feedback from user trials. The Arise SWC provides standing functionality, outdoor mobility, affordability, and customisability. This paper describes a long-term community integration study of the Arise SWC. Methods: All participants (N = 8; 7 Male, 1 Female) were persons with spinal cord injuries. During the study period (six months), the participants integrated the Arise SWC into their daily routines. To assess the impact of the Arise SWC on various outcome measures, participants' responses were captured using a Likert-scale questionnaire at the beginning of the study, after 30 days, and after 180 days of Arise SWC usage. Results: The long-term usage of the Arise SWC positively impacted the users' standing performance (ability to stand regularly, stand at different locations, and stand in community settings), productive ability (accessibility to environmental controls and ability to perform overhead reaches), and pathophysiology (spasticity and ability to get proper sleep). Furthermore, all the users were able to independently move using the Arise SWC over even and uneven terrain (some needed minimal assistance over uneven terrain). Conclusions: Overall, we believe that Arise SWC will benefit eligible users and improve their ability and performance in daily activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Arise Standing Wheelchair (SWC) positively impacted users' standing performance, mobility over uneven terrain, ability to transfer between surfaces, and overhead reaches. Arise SWC positively impacted users' overall physical well-being. The study shows that Arise SWC improved the users' overall daily living activities. Arise SWC, an affordable solution, is anticipated to have a global impact, especially on low-income nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Political economy and slum improvement: a study on longitudinal data of Kolkata slums.
- Author
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De, Indranil
- Subjects
- *
SLUM clearance , *POLITICAL competition , *SLUMS , *LONGITUDINAL method , *INCUMBENCY (Public officers) - Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the political economy of slums to understand the role of political competition, electoral power, and political alignment in service delivery. The paper examines whether political competition is likely to improve housing and basic services in slums. It is based on surveys of slum dwellers in 2012 and 2021–22 in Kolkata, India. The results suggest that slum improvement may lead to slum eviction in the future. The political alignment and their electoral power of elected members influence housing and basic services. Ward level high political competition and fragmentation will degrade service in a slum if the incumbent administration and politician fail to showcase their credibility through overall long-term improvement of the service across all the slums. Housing and some services were found to better in slums facing high political competition and fragmentation. For an inclusive slum improvement, government should plan with the community and engage the market rather than depend on market-led or unplanned government initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Subcortical grey matter involvement in ALS and PLS – vulnerable hubs of cortico-cortical and cortico-basal circuits: extrapyramidal, cognitive, bulbar and respiratory correlates.
- Author
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Kleinerova, Jana, Garcia-Gallardo, Angela, Tacheva, Asya, and Bede, Peter
- Subjects
- *
CEREBELLAR nuclei , *SYMPTOMS , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *APATHY - Abstract
AbstractEvidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that the cardinal clinical manifestations of ALS stem from the dysfunction of specific neural networks. The majority of cortico-cortical and cortico-basal networks are physiologically relayed by deep cerebral and cerebellar grey matter nuclei which have been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of ALS. A series of recent human imaging papers revealed volume reductions, shape deformations, metabolic alterations and more recently, susceptibility changes in hippocampal subfields, thalamic, striatal, amygdalar and cerebellar nuclei. Thalamic changes have been identified in presymptomatic mutation carriers long before symptom onset and longitudinal studies have consistently confirmed progressive subcortical degeneration during the symptomatic phase of the disease. The dysfunction of circuits relayed by specific subcortical nuclei has been associated with apathy, amnestic deficits, limbic symptoms, extrapyramidal manifestations, sensory disturbances, pseudobulbar affect and cerebellar deficits. In light of emerging imaging data, the clinical heterogeneity of ALS is probably best approached from a network integrity perspective. Accordingly, the comprehensive assessment of subcortical grey matter nuclei seems imperative to untangle complex clinical phenomena in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Evolving global responses to the pandemic: sustaining interprofessional education and collaborative practice.
- Author
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Langlois, Sylvia, da Silva Souza, Camila Mendes, Xyrichis, Andreas, Baser Kolcu, Mukadder Inci, Lising, Dean, Najjar, Ghaidaa, and Khalili, Hossein
- Subjects
- *
INTERDISCIPLINARY education , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis , *MEDICAL care , *INFORMATION resources , *WORLD health , *SURVEYS , *THEMATIC analysis , *LONGITUDINAL method , *COVID-19 , *MEDICAL practice , *HEALTH care teams - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created global disruption in health professions education and healthcare practice, necessitating an abrupt move to digital delivery. A longitudinal survey was conducted to track the evolution of global responses to the pandemic. During the initial stages, educational and health institutions were forced to adapt quickly without careful consideration of optimal pedagogy, practices, and effectiveness of implemented approaches. In this paper, we report the results of Phase 3 of the global survey that was distributed between November 2021 and February 2022 through InterprofessionalResearch.Global (IPR.Global). The Phase 3 qualitative survey received 27 responses, representing 25 institutions from 13 countries in 6 regions. Using inductive thematic analysis, the data analysis resulted in three emerging themes: Impact of the pandemic on the delivery of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP); Impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system (team, population/client health, clients); and Sustainability and innovation. This study highlights the evolving nature of health education and collaborative practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. IPECP educators need to be resilient and deal with the complexities of face-to-face and digital learning delivery. Preparing for emerging forms of teamwork is essential for new work contexts and optimal health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Phonological awareness and reading outcomes in children with a history of otitis media: a review.
- Author
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Olencewicz, Genevieve, Holt, Rebecca, and Sharma, Mridula
- Subjects
- *
PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *OTITIS media , *HEARING disorders , *CHILD death , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
AbstractObjectiveDesignStudy SampleResultsConclusionA review was conducted to investigate the current evidence for effects of otitis media (OM) on phonological awareness and reading skills in children under 12 years old.A review conducted in 2024 to identify articles between 1978 and 2024 related to OM and its impact on (pre-)reading skills.An initial search across six databases provided 6808 research outputs. After screening, 27 articles were retained. Screening of the references on the selected articles provided an additional 6, giving 33 articles in the final review.The selected research papers did not all evaluate the same phonological awareness or reading skills. Of the studies, 20 identified that a history of OM impacted reading outcomes. Twelve studies found no significant impact while one study showed an impact which resolved with time.The findings do not show a consistent association between a history of OM and phonological processing or reading skills. This is likely due to the wide range of methodologies employed and variability in the focus of the respective studies. Future research, including longitudinal studies, would be beneficial to infer the potential impacts of OM on phonological processing or reading skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The development of speech output processing skills in Greek-speaking children.
- Author
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Geronikou, Eleftheria
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATIVE competence , *CROSS-sectional method , *SPEECH , *T-test (Statistics) , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *STATISTICAL sampling , *CONSONANTS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *LINGUISTICS , *SPEECH evaluation , *GREEKS , *PHONETICS , *SPEECH disorders , *COMPARATIVE studies , *VOCABULARY , *LANGUAGE acquisition , *CHILDREN - Abstract
There is a growing body of literature on phonological development in Greek-speaking children, either typically developing (TD) or with speech sound disorders (SSD). In this paper, a cross-sectional longitudinal approach was used to investigate the development of speech output processing skills in TD Greek-speaking preschool-aged children. Moreover, a group of Greek-speaking children with SSD were assessed to identify potential loci of impairment in atypical development. The developmental study involved two groups: group 1 (n = 16) aged 3;0–3;5 years and group 2 (n = 22) aged 4;6–5;0 years, assessed at three assessment points six months apart. Children with SSD (n = 15) aged 5;6–6;0 years were assessed to be compared with performance of group 2 TD children (at the third assessment point). Assessment tasks included (a) a picture naming task, (b) a task of real word repetition and (c) a task of nonword repetition. A strong time effect was found in both groups of TD children in the development of speech output processing abilities. Performance accuracy was higher on tasks including real words than nonwords; children performed more accurately on repetition rather than spontaneous naming of real words; repetition accuracy on 2–3 syllables items was significantly better than on 4–5 syllables items. Children with SSD were outperformed by TD children of the same age in all assessment tasks; lexicality and word length effect were found in the clinical group. Findings from the present study may be used as a starting point to diagnose children with speech production difficulties in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. 'Assessing my risk and that of my whānau is my right': a longitudinal media analysis of risk and COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand news media.
- Author
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Morgan, Tessa, Pilimatalawwe, Dihini, Morgan, Kathryn, Duschinsky, Robbie, Gott, Merryn, and Wiles, Janine
- Subjects
- *
RISK assessment , *RESEARCH funding , *CULTURE , *MASS media , *LONGITUDINAL method , *THEMATIC analysis , *THEORY of knowledge , *COVID-19 pandemic , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Risk identification has been at the heart of media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Less consideration has been paid to the way that the media itself has (re)produced these risk categories, and how this has changed over the course of the pandemic. The aim of this article is to understand how risk has been constructed in the Aotearoa, New Zealand news media over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports findings from a longitudinal media analysis of mainstream news media articles (n = 388) published in the first week of March 2020, March 2021 and March 2022. Underpinned by a socio-cultural theoretical understanding of risk, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of the 22 most relevant articles from a week of coverage during each month of March. Our analysis identified three key themes by which we characterise the discussions of risk as these developed from 2020 to 2022: (1) Subjects of risk; (2) Spaces of risk; and (3) The nation facing risk. We conclude that the dominant frame surrounding risk was one of mutual risk and solidarity. We suggest future policies around pandemic risk mitigation must attend to both the range of competing risks as well as the different epistemologies (including scientific and indigenous worldviews) informing risk. We suggest that researchers, policy makers and reporters involve the voices of those 'at risk' into their publications. This analysis shows the value of taking a sociocultural analysis of risk as it is framed within a particular national-cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. European integration and the administrative state. A longitudinal study on self-reinforcing administrative bias.
- Author
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Kühn, Nadja and Trondal, Jarle
- Subjects
EUROPEAN integration ,PUBLIC administration ,EUROPEAN Union membership ,NORWEGIAN politics & government ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
The study demonstrates how the EU contributes to a self-reinforcing administrative bias due to domestic-level organizational factors. Strong European integration without membership reinforces a politico-administrative gap and this gap expands over time. The paper applies an extreme case of high integration without formal EU membership represented by Norway. The findings suggest that the EU contributes to reinforce the administrative state through strong unintended assimilation effects. The findings are probed by a novel and comprehensive longitudinal data-set consisting of a large-N single case (N = 3562) questionnaire study among government officials at three points in the Norwegian central administration: 1996, 2006 and 2016. Theoretically, the paper examines the role of organizational factors in administrative integration and how the impact of the EU is mediated by organizational variables at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Reflexivity in a longitudinal narrative inquiry: in pursuit of clarity of interpretations.
- Author
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Macqueen, Suzanne and Patterson, Carmel
- Subjects
NARRATIVE inquiry (Research method) ,REFLEXIVITY ,QUALITATIVE research ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DATA analysis - Abstract
The need for researcher reflexivity in qualitative research, especially where data are gathered through interview, is well documented. Studies employing a range of theoretical frameworks and methodologies are similarly affected, with researchers needing to consider specific contextual factors related to the design nuances of each project. This paper focuses on the need for reflexivity, including ethical concerns, in a longitudinal study using narrative inquiry and a Bourdieuian framework. The study included multiple interviews with thirteen students from 'non-traditional' backgrounds over a four-year period to examine their experiences of studying at a regional Australian university. Issues around interviewer/interviewee relationships are outlined, along with possible mis/re/interpretations of data. Results demonstrate the critical nature of skilled and ethical interviewing techniques, emphasizing the importance of designing questions which do not pre-empt findings or skew results. Overall, the benefits for both researchers and interviewees of longitudinal studies allowing substantial time lapses facilitating reflexivity between interviews are made evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The influence of age and verb transitivity on written sentence production.
- Author
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Meulemans, Catherine, Leijten, Mariëlle, and De Maeyer, Sven
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AFFINITY groups ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ,TIME ,AGE distribution ,COMPARATIVE grammar ,SPEECH evaluation ,COGNITION ,LANGUAGE & languages ,TASK performance ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AGING ,VERBAL behavior ,PSYCHOLINGUISTICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,WRITTEN communication ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
In this paper we explore the influences of normal ageing and verb transitivity on sentence production. The underlying aim is to provide a foundation for further research on sentence production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used a computer-based written sentence production task, designed to elicit intransitive, monotransitive and ditransitive sentences. Data was collected using keystroke logging, a technique to capture the entire typing process. Data of ninety healthy elderly was analysed focusing on the following writing process variables: time on task, production time and pause times. Results show that age influences time on task, pause time before sentences and within words. Verb transitivity influences time on task, production time and pause time between words. For pause time before sentences and between words, an interaction effect between age and verb transitivity was found as well. These results indicate that a follow-up study with AD patients should not attribute a slowdown in one of these variables to the disease in its entirety but should instead be compared with the slowdown in age-matched healthy peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A longitudinal mediation analysis of the effect of Aboriginal Australian mothers' experience of perceived racism on children's social and emotional well-being.
- Author
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Snyder, Gemma, Ribeiro Santiago, Pedro Henrique, Sawyer, Alyssa, and Jamieson, Lisa
- Subjects
RACISM ,WELL-being ,ATTITUDES of mothers ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,EXPERIENCE ,PARENTING ,SELF-efficacy ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FACTOR analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ABORIGINAL Australians ,ODDS ratio ,MOTHER-child relationship ,LONGITUDINAL method ,CHILDREN - Abstract
It is known that parental experiences of perceived racism are associated with poorer mental health in children. However, little is known about the mechanism of transmission of intergenerational racism among Aboriginal Australians. This study aims to explore the causal effect of Aboriginal mothers' experience of perceived racism on children's social and emotional well-being mediated by parenting sense of competence. Pregnant Aboriginal women (N = 159) reported their experiences of perceived racism using the Measure of Indigenous Racism Experiences instrument, and completed a five year follow-up survey, reporting their sense of parenting competence using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and their child's social and emotional well-being using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A single causal mediation analysis was used to examine the causal effects while accounting for confounding variables (mother's age, education, and socioeconomic status). Mothers who experienced perceived racism in at least one setting were at an increased odds of their child experiencing social and emotional difficulties (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [0.55, 2.98]). This effect was not mediated by parenting sense of competence, despite an effect between parenting competence and children's social and emotional well-being (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.19, 1.06]). The findings suggest that maternal experiences of perceived racism has a longitudinal effect on their children's social and emotional well-being, which is not mediated through the mothers' parenting sense of competence. These findings highlight the importance of reducing racism as these may have far-reaching effects across generations on socio-social and emotional well-being. What is already known about this topic: Racism is a significant public health issue in Australia as experiences of racism are highly prevalent among Aboriginal Australians, and associated with adverse health and wellbeing. The effects of racism are known to have pervasive intergenerational impacts, with parental experiences of racism affecting children's social and emotional wellbeing. To date, little is known about the mechanism by which parental perceptions of racism lead to adverse social-emotional wellbeing for children. What this topic adds: This paper is the first to explore whether parenting sense of competence mediates the effect of maternal experience of perceived racism on children's social and emotional well-being. Children aged five years were at an increased risk of social and emotional difficulties if their mother had experienced perceived racism in at least one setting during pregnancy. The impact of maternal experience of perceived racism on children's social and emotional well-being was not transmitted through the mother's parenting sense of competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Development and Evaluation of a Pediatric Interprofessional Education (IPE) Experience for Occupational and Physical Therapy Graduate Students.
- Author
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Liotta-Kleinfeld, Lorry, Darr, Nancy, Lemmonds, Tamara, and Plummer, Teresa
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PHYSICAL therapy students ,EVALUATION of medical care ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy students ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,MANN Whitney U Test ,REGRESSION analysis ,HUMAN services programs ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,LEARNING strategies ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,PROFESSIONAL competence ,INTELLECT ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,STUDENT attitudes ,INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,CURRICULUM planning ,DATA analysis software ,STATISTICAL models ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Interprofessional competence is needed to improve health care outcomes. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of theoretically grounded interprofessional education (IPE) experiences to advance interprofessional competencies for occupational and physical therapy doctoral students. In addition, a pretest/postest survey was designed to determine the participants' perceptions of knowledge attainment, roles, and attitudes. Two cohorts of students (N = 115) completed surveys pre and post IPE experiences. Statistically significant changes were found on perception of roles and knowledge attainment. Additional studies are needed to determine if IPE leads to behavioral changes in practice and improves patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multimorbidity, COVID-19 and Mental Health: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Longitudinal Analyses.
- Author
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Wister, Andrew, Li, Lun, Best, John R., Cosco, Theodore D., and Kim, Boah
- Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL health ,SURVEYS ,EXPERIENCE ,MENTAL depression ,RESEARCH funding ,ANXIETY ,ODDS ratio ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COMORBIDITY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OLD age - Abstract
This paper examines the longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults (65+) with multimorbidity on levels of depression, anxiety, and perceived global impact on their lives. Baseline (2011–2015) and Follow-up 1 (2015–2018) data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), and the Baseline and Exit waves of the CLSA COVID-19 study (April–December, 2020) (n = 18,099). Multimorbidity was measured using: a) an additive scale of chronic conditions; and b) six chronic disease clusters. Linear Mixed Models were employed to test hypotheses. Number of chronic conditions pre-pandemic was associated with pandemic levels of depression (estimate = 0.40, 95% CI: [0.37,0.44]); anxiety (estimate = 0.20, 95% CI: [0.18, 0.23]); and perceived negative impact of the pandemic (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.06]). The associations between multimorbidity and anxiety decreased during the period of the COVID-19 surveys (estimate = −0.02, 95% CI: [−0.05, −0.01]); whereas the multimorbidity association with perceived impact increased (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.05]). This study demonstrates that pre-pandemic multimorbidity conditions are associated with worsening mental health. Clinicians treating mental health of older adults need to consider the joint effects of multimorbidity conditions and pandemic experiences to tailor counseling and other treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Asynchronization at the phonology-morphology interface: A case study of an atypically developing Hebrew-acquiring boy.
- Author
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Haim, Mor and Bat-El Foux, Outi
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SEMANTICS ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,LINGUISTICS ,MULTILINGUALISM ,COMPARATIVE grammar ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,PHONETICS ,READING ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
In this paper, we present a case study of an atypically developing Hebrew-acquiring boy (YV), in comparison with three typically developing boys. Drawing on data from longitudinal studies, we examined the development of two verbal suffixes, -im'ms.pl.pres' and -ti'1.sg.past', with reference to two prosodic structures that these suffixes assume – word final codas for -im and trisyllabic words for -ti (e.g. bon-ím 'they build', kará-ti 'I read'). We found that YV's developmental trajectory was similar to that of the three boys in both phonology and morphology, each module independently; the deviant phenomena were found at the interface between phonology and morphology. The typically developing boys produced the relevant phonological structures in bare stems before they produced them in suffixed forms. YV, however, proceeded in the opposite order; he produced the final m in -im verbs before mastering word final codas in bare stems; similarly, he produced trisyllabic forms in -ti verbs before mastering them in bare stems. We attribute this deviance to asynchronization between phonological (prosodic) and morphological development. That is, YV's phonology lagged behind his morphology, but this lag did not block the morphological development as it would have in synchronized development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Agents and logics in community policing: the designing of performance measures.
- Author
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Sorrentino, Daniela, Ruggiero, Pasquale, and Mussari, Riccardo
- Subjects
COMMUNITY policing ,COMMUNITY involvement ,POLICE ,LOGIC ,LONGITUDINAL method ,INSTITUTIONAL logic - Abstract
Community policing (CP) is a proactive approach to policing that relies on the involvement of community members. In this paper, we address relevant managerial issues pertaining to CP by resorting to the performance measurement construct, exploring the logics at play in CP and how they affect the design of CP performance measures. A longitudinal case study was conducted in a local police department in Italy. Findings reveal three logics, the co-existence of which creates a unification and temporal stratification of CP performance measures, thereby delivering theoretical and practical contributions to CP and public-management realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Velopharyngeal incompetence following transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal carcinoma: A scoping review.
- Author
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Charters, Emma, Pelham, Claire, Novakovic, Daniel, Madill, Cate, and Clark, Jonathan
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,CINAHL database ,STATISTICS ,SURGICAL robots ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SPEECH disorders ,RESEARCH methodology ,ENDOSCOPIC surgery ,VELOPHARYNGEAL insufficiency ,OROPHARYNGEAL cancer ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,INTERVIEWING ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,INTER-observer reliability ,SEVERITY of illness index ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,ORAL surgery ,QUALITY assurance ,QUALITY of life ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,RADIOTHERAPY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ENDOSCOPY ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC), velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) is a known consequence that may contribute to swallowing and speech disorders. As the incidence of OPC increases affecting a younger demographic, a better understanding of VPI is required to support speech and swallowing rehabilitation. A scoping review was conducted using Arskey & O'Malley's framework. Studies were identified from five databases between 2007 and 2020. The methodological quality was measured with the RevMan Risk of Bias Tool by two independent evaluators. A total of seven studies met the inclusion criterion. There was a combined total of 306 participants, their average age was 59.2 years. A high risk of bias and degree of heterogeneity across all seven cohort studies was observed. Validated and instrumental evaluations of VPI were present in two papers, with the majority only reporting the presence or absence of VPI. The incidence of VPI reported in each study ranged from 0 to 53%, (median 3.5%). There are few high-quality studies and considerable heterogeneity in the terminology, inclusion criteria and measurement of VPI. Instrumentation, to date, has been rarely used but is necessary for a normed and validated approach to VPI. Based on this review, there is considerable need for larger studies which instrumentally and longitudinally assess VPI as a consequence of TORS, in order to guide patient education and management prior to, and following their surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Co-evolution of firm innovative capability and external network: entrepreneurial orientation as antecedent – a longitudinal case study of the CHINT group.
- Author
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Xiang, Yongsheng and Jiang, Yingying
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL clusters ,COEVOLUTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MULTILEVEL marketing ,INNOVATIONS in business ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Based on the longitudinal case study of the CHINT group for about 40 years, this paper analyses co-evolution of cluster firm innovative capabilities and its external networks; results show that firm's product and market exploratory/exploitative innovation have been improved with the continuous development of network type from manufacturing and marketing network to innovation network, and evolution of network construction by changing network relations, size and range. Then the levels of internal innovative capabilities and developments in different stages restrict and influence the characters and evolutionary path of network types and constructions. But, entrepreneurial orientation will also bring significant impacts on the co-evolution of innovation capabilities and firm's external networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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