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China has made great achievements in industrial development and is transforming into a powerful manufacturing country. Meanwhile, the industrial land scale is also expanding. However, whether industrial structure upgrading achieves the purpose of restraining industrial land expansion remains unanswered. By calculating the industrial land structure index (ILSI) and industrial land expansion scale (ILES), this study analyzed their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics at both regional and city levels from 2007 to 2020 in China. Results show that industrial land expansion presents a different trend in the four regions, the ILES in the eastern region is the largest, and the speed of industrial land expansion has declined since 2013, but it has gradually increased since 2016. The ILSI of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of the western and northeastern regions. Furthermore, a spatial Durbin model (SDM) has been established to estimate the spatial effect of industrial structure upgrading on industrial land expansion from 2007 to 2020. Notably, industrial structure upgrading has not slowed industrial land expansion. The eastern and western regions require a greater amount of industrial land while upgrading the industrial structure. The improvement of the infrastructure level and international trade level has promoted industrial land expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our work sheds light on the joint role of human capital and geography during the early stages of the transition from stagnation to growth in early twentieth century Greece. We uncover a robust association between geography and literacy. We also show that geography is correlated with land inequality and thus establish that land distribution is a channel through which geography influences literacy. Finally, the impact of geography on human capital formation weakens with industrialization. Our work contributes to the literature on geography and human capital in the transition from stagnation to growth since Greece was at the early stages of the industrial era during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the environmental sensitivity of an area provides an early warning of potential land-use problems that can determine the location and extent of possible adverse effects for preventive planning and decision-making. The Coastal Zone Sensitivity Map supports the development of response strategies in potential oil spill programs. This project studies the 187-km coastline north of the Persian Gulf, including a special economic zone and a protected area. The proximity of various oil and gas development projects to the national park located in this area, and the possible threats of these industrial activities to the park's environment, highlight the importance of this study more than ever before. To prepare the environmental sensitivity map of this area, we studied the sensitive vegetation in the area, as well as the presence of birds, existing animal cover, susceptible organisms, fish, aquatic organisms, and types of beaches. This study revealed the existence of various species with conservation value in this area, including 13 species of birds, four species of reptiles and amphibians, nine species of mammals, five species of marine animals, and one plant species. By preparing an environmental sensitivity map, local authorities and decision-makers gain valuable insights into identifying vulnerable areas during oil spills or incidents that pose risks to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development can bring huge economic benefits to the country and society. However, it has also caused serious environmental pollution, leading to serious health problems and medical burdens for people, and is often accompanied by the emission of polluting gases. Many companies specify that masks must be worn at work to prevent the inhalation of harmful gases. Quickly detecting whether workers are wearing masks has emerged as a topic of some importance. However, existing face detection networks have limited detection accuracy and considerably reduced performance for masked faces. Hence, most state-of-the-art face mask detection technologies are based on deep learning. In this study, we developed a new feature extraction module called Attention Residual Ghost Module based on attention mechanisms and residual structure. To improve performance, we construct CSP-ARG and ARG-PANert. We then fused attention between the two to obtain a new type of lightweight face mask detection model. The results of an experimental evaluation of the performance of our proposed approach on the public AIZOO and FMDD datasets showed that it achieved accuracy values of 93.4% and 89.3%, respectively, in terms of mAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of planning development in various countries shows that the core logic of planning is the spiral interweaving of control and development, and constantly makes corresponding adjustments to respond to changes and challenges in social and economic development. Most of the planning in western countries originated from control-oriented paradigm, then integrated development-oriented elements, and finally has evolved into comprehensive coordination-oriented planning paradigm. China's planning, which originated from development-oriented paradigm, has shifted towards control-oriented planning as represented by territorial spatial planning to tackle issues such as excessive consumption of resources. In the face of economic, social and environmental challenges, China's urban planning in the future should also move towards a comprehensive balance between control and development. The common thread of control is the sustainable development of economy, society, and environment. The common thread of development is to achieve the Chinese path to modernization. The content of control and development will vary with different spatial scales and time stages. Take Hubei's practice as an example, planning control is driven by the integrated management of watershed and planning development is led by the synchronization of new industrialization, IT application, new urbanization, and agricultural modernization. Hubei Province seeks to promote high-quality, sustainable development through comprehensive coordination-oriented planning that combines control and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anti-corrosion improvement of epoxy-based (EP) coatings through an eco-fridendly way is significant to industrial development. Phytic acid (PA) is a kind of natural corrosion inhibitor, but its use to enhance the anti-corrosion of EP is challenging due to their poor compatilibility. This problem is addressed by the modification of PA in this paper. First, PA is grafted to ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) to obtain modified PA (PA-EGDE) by the catalysis of tetrabutylammonium bromide. Subsequently, PA-EGDE is added to EP to fabricate PA-EGDE/EP coatings. When the PA-EGDE loading is 5 wt%, the PA-EGDE/EP coating exhibits best mechanical and anti-corrosion properties. The peeling force and adhesion failure rate are 2.03 MPa and 45.6%, and the hardness, flexibility and shock resistance are 2H, 1 mm and 50 cm, respectively. The corresponding Ecorr value of PA-EGDE/EP coating is -0.620 eV, which is much higher than that of EP coating (-0.797 eV); the impedance modulus is 108 Ω·cm2 after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 30 days, which is much bigger than that of EP coating (106 Ω·cm2). Moreover, the anti-corrosion mechanism of PA in EP coating is thoroughly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry is critical to global industrial and economic development. Recently, India's pulp and paper industries have been facing severe competitive challenges. The challenges have impaired the environmental performance and resulted in the closure of several operations. Assessment and prediction of the performance of the Indian pulp and paper industry using various parameters is a critical task for researchers. This study proposes a framework for performance assessment and prediction based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Artificial Neural Networks, and Deep Learning (DL) to assist industry administration and decision-making. We presented a case study based on eight industries to demonstrate the methodology's applicability. This study analyses and predicts industry performance based on sample data observations over 30 years. The result suggests the DEA-DL-based efficiency prediction has an overall MSE of 0.08 compared with the actual efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency rankings are compared between the three techniques. The results suggest that the integrated DEA-DL method is primarily accurate in most scenarios with the actual values. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive analysis of environmental performance for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses current problems of the synthesis of new materials in modern conditions. Today this is the most important strategic task for the innovative development of Russian industry. The factors determining the relevance of this task are formulated. A brief analysis of the state of Russian microelectronics is given. The importance of mathematical modeling methods and the need to develop innovative approaches in the field of the synthesis of new materials are shown. The main directions of scientific research related to the development of new model concepts, methods, and algorithms used in the field of mathematical modeling of the structures and properties of nanomaterials, as well as systems based on them, discussed at the IV International Conference "Mathematical Modeling in Materials Science of Electronic Components" (ICM3SEC-2022), are highlighted. This paper shows that for the further development of methods and means of mathematical modeling, a domestic high-performance environment for scientific research is required, with a comfortable user interface, flexibility in setting up resources, high performance, and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of industrial activity leads steadily to an increase in the influence of various factors that have a negative impact on the environment. One of them is a high level of technogenic low-frequency seismoacoustic pollution of settlements. This paper presents the results of in situ measurements of microseismic and acoustic noise in various frequency ranges in conditions of dense urban development using the example of the settlement of Mosrentgen. As a result of processing the primary data, we have obtained averaged values normalized to the reference station, compared the values of microseismic and acoustic noise, and localized areas of increased noise pollution. The features of the spatiotemporal distribution of microseismic and acoustic noise in the area of Mosrentgen are given. It is shown that the Moscow Ring Road and the metro station under construction are sources of low-frequency noise pollution. At the same time, it is recorded that the maximum permissible values of vibration and acoustic background up to 28 dB are exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-temperature continuous flow protocol is reported for the intensified synthesis of an important industrial raw material via aromatic Claisen rearrangement of the corresponding diallyl ether precursor. The process takes advantage of solvent-free conditions, thereby maximizing productivity whilst reducing cost and environmental impact. By precise control over reaction temperature and residence times, a high-yielding and selective synthesis is achieved that ensures improved safety and scalability of the exothermic transformation compared with earlier batch methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylobacterium is a genus belonging to the pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, which can use C1 substrates as a sole carbon source. Methylorubrum extorquens (formerly Methylobacterium extorquens) is a potentially valuable bacteria in methanol-based bioindustry producing high-value-added chemicals. Thus, it is critical to understand the core metabolic pathways of M. extorquens strains for further advancement as a platform bacterium in the bioindustry. However, there are no reported systems biological approaches comparing different M. extorquens strains. This paper focuses on comparing the genomic properties of seven completely sequenced M. extorquens strains, including M. extorquens PA1, which was re-sequenced, and M. extorquens ATCC 55366, which was newly sequenced in this study. Pan-genome analysis indicated that a total of 10,431 ortholog clusters composed the pan-genome of these M. extorquens strains, including 3,507 core genome, 1,860 accessory genome, and 5,064 unique genome clusters. The functional annotation discovered that genes related to signal transduction were the most abundant in the pan-genome. Pan-genome analysis of two different habitat-specific groups revealed that the strains isolated from various soil environments had a higher percentage of genes involved in mobilome in their core genome. Subsequent exploration for secondary metabolite biosynthesis clusters denoted the unique ability of M. extorquens AM1 to produce various toblerols. M. extorquens PA1 could be a strong candidate for industrial strain development because of its minimal genome size with fully conserved central metabolism. This study provides the first inclusive insight into the differences in genomic characteristics of central metabolic networks of M. extorquens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamides are very important polymers for a wide range of applications. In the context of Green Chemistry and the development of sustainable polymers from renewable resources, many polyamides have meanwhile been developed that are derived from natural building blocks. In addition to sustainability, biobased polyamides can have special structures and properties that cannot be obtained so easily via fossil-based pathways. This article gives an overview over the recent developments in this field and elucidates the potential of these polymers for different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From at least 1750 until 1900, Euro-American settlers of New York and New Jersey appropriated the production of Indigenous North American shell beads, namely wampum. Excavations at the David Campbell House in northeastern New Jersey yielded deposits of worked shell coterminous with household assemblages dating from 1810 to 1850. Artifact analyses combined with merchant ledger manuscripts reveal the chaîne opératoire of settler beadmaking from 1770 to 1900, including temporalities of production, waste, and racial and gendered labor dynamics in transition to factory production. Conclusions warrant greater archaeological attention to the relationship between capitalist industrialization, settler-colonial dispossession, and Indigenous resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of coupling coordination between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin holds significant practical value for promoting high-quality industrial development in the region. In order to assess this coupling coordination, we utilized inter-provincial panel data from nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, covering the period from 2011 to 2020. Through the application of a coupling coordination degree model, we calculated the degree of coupling coordination and relative development between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading. Additionally, we conducted a spatial–temporal analysis to identify the characteristics and trends of digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading. Furthermore, we constructed a panel VAR model to examine the interactive relationship between these two factors. The findings are as follows: (1) overall, over the study period, the degree of coupling coordination between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin transitioned from a disordered state to a run-in stage. The corresponding development type changed from a low steady state to a co-existence of low and medium steady states. Notably, the levels of digitalization, traditional industrial upgrading, and coupling coordination all exhibited a gradual increase, while the relative development degree declined. (2) The coupling coordination degree between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin demonstrated significant regional variation. Provinces displaying a "high–high" agglomeration distribution and "low–low" agglomeration distribution were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches, as well as the upper reaches, of the Yellow River. Furthermore, there was a positive spatial autocorrelation between these regions. (3) Both digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading exhibit self-reinforcing mechanisms, and a long-term dynamic correlation exists between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Alkyl-tailored Y-SMAs named YR-SeNF series with near-infrared absorption, different molecular crystallinity and self-assembly abilities are developed. The related organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer processed from halogen-free solvents and spin-coating-free technologies achieve a ~ 19% efficiency. Ternary OSCs offer a robust operating stability under MPP tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial efficiency for even over 400 h. Power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers the practical development of OSCs. Here, a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity, packing patterns, and miscibility with polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that the molecular packing, crystallinity, and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains, providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based OSCs. As a result, a record-high PCE approaching 19% is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a green-solvent o-xylene with high-boiling point. Notably, ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs, which paves a way for industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of extraction with forced circulation of extractant was used for exhaustive extraction of inulin from dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinaleWigg.). Inulin samples were obtained by three methods that were evaluated by inulin yield and purity. The results were used to develop an industrial technology for inulin production from dandelion roots that consisted of extraction of roots with water at 80°C, circulation of the extractant at a rate of 90 L/h, concentration of the extract to 70% dry residue, precipitation of inulin by adding 95% EtOH in a concentrate(EtOH volume ratio of 1:4, and sedimentation for 8 h. Inulin was produced in 30.0% yield of the raw material mass with a purity of at least 80%. The following characteristics were determined: mass loss on drying ≤5.0%; ash content ≤2%; heavy metals ≤0.001%; inulin content ≥80.0%. The resulting product complied with standards for the contents of toxic elements, pesticides, and radionuclides and was safe for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of coupling coordination between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin holds significant practical value for promoting high-quality industrial development in the region. In order to assess this coupling coordination, we utilized inter-provincial panel data from nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, covering the period from 2011 to 2020. Through the application of a coupling coordination degree model, we calculated the degree of coupling coordination and relative development between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading. Additionally, we conducted a spatial–temporal analysis to identify the characteristics and trends of digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading. Furthermore, we constructed a panel VAR model to examine the interactive relationship between these two factors. The findings are as follows: (1) overall, over the study period, the degree of coupling coordination between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin transitioned from a disordered state to a run-in stage. The corresponding development type changed from a low steady state to a co-existence of low and medium steady states. Notably, the levels of digitalization, traditional industrial upgrading, and coupling coordination all exhibited a gradual increase, while the relative development degree declined. (2) The coupling coordination degree between digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading in the Yellow River Basin demonstrated significant regional variation. Provinces displaying a "high–high" agglomeration distribution and "low–low" agglomeration distribution were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches, as well as the upper reaches, of the Yellow River. Furthermore, there was a positive spatial autocorrelation between these regions. (3) Both digitalization and traditional industrial upgrading exhibit self-reinforcing mechanisms, and a long-term dynamic correlation exists between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since China's reform and opening up in 1978, the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use. In this paper, we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China (Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province). We used the average nearest neighbor index, spatial statistical analysis, and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multi-source spatial data and survey data. The results showed that: 1) from 1975 to 2019, the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration. In terms of comparative analysis of cases, the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration, and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development. 2) The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded, and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development. Among them, Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas, and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas. 3) From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land, rural industrialized areas generally decline, showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change. 4) Industrial development, social economy, the policy environment, and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas. To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas, we should combine the advantages of regional endowment, formulate development strategies according to local conditions, and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of industrialization on secondary schooling in nineteenth-century France. As a source of exogenous variation in industrialization across the French territory, it takes advantage of the openings and closures of mines, which were supervised by the Ministry of Public Works, independently from the Ministry of Education. The results suggest that industrialization had a negative but mostly insignificant effect on high school enrollment. However, industrialization increased the share of high school pupils in applied sections and the wages of mathematics teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing focus on the blue economy is accelerating industrial fishing in many parts of the world. This intensification is affecting the livelihoods of small-scale fishers, processors, and traders by depleting local fishery resources, damaging fishing gears, putting fishers' lives at risk, and compromising market systems and value chain positions. In this article, we outline the experiences, perspectives, and narratives of the small-scale fishing actors in Ghana. Drawing on qualitative interview data, we examine the relationship between small-scale and industrial fisheries in Ghana using political ecology and sustainable livelihood approaches. We demonstrate how industrialised, capital-intensive fishing has disrupted the economic and social organisation of local fishing communities, affecting incomes, causing conflicts, social exclusion and disconnection, and compromising the social identity of women. These cumulative impacts and disruptions in Ghana's coastal communities have threatened the viability of small-scale fisheries, yet coastal fishing actors have few capabilities to adapt. We conclude by supporting recommendations to reduce the number and capacity of industrial vessels, strictly enforce spatial regulations, and ensure "blue justice" against marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing distributed real-time systems is a complex task that has historically entailed specialized handcraft. In this paper, we propose a retrospective on the (r)evolutionary changes that led to the transition from low-level programming to industrial full-fledged model-based development embodied by the Rubus Component Model and its tool-ecosystem. We focus on the needs, challenges, and solutions of a 15-year-long evolution journey of a software development approach that has gone from low-level and manual programming to a highly automated environment offering modeling, analysis, and development of vehicular software systems with multi-criticality for deployment on single- and multi-core platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's coalbed methane (CBM) industry is in an extremely important "climbing period" and "strategic opportunity period", which can be generally characterized by "three low and one small": low degree of exploration and development, low adaptability of main technology, low return on investment and small development scale. Under the "carbon peak and neutrality" background, the development status of CBM industry is systematically combed. The resources, technology, management problems and reasons are analyzed. Strategies and countermeasures to accelerate the industrial development are put forward according to the factors such as efficient development of resources, major technical breakthrough, talent team training, policy formulation and implementation, return on investment and so on. The existing problems are as follows: (a) The overall occurrence conditions in China are complicated and the development is difficult compared with the other countries. (b) The research precision accuracy of CBM resource conditions is not enough. (c) The adaptability of technology is poor. (d) The management mode is not suitable. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward the "two steps" development strategy and the technical and management countermeasures of "five in one". The corresponding "five in one" technology and management countermeasures are the formulation and implementation of relevant safeguard measures in accordance with the principle of collaborative innovation in five aspects: resources, technology, talents, policies and investment. Through the above measures, the dream and grand blueprint of CBM industry shall be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing natural calamities as a consequence of global warming are one of the most pondering subjects today. The exponential growth of environmental pollution due to unscientific human exploitation of natural resources is considered the prime reason for the harsh responses of nature. Researchers from various fields of industry and academia are working hard to develop and implement products/technologies that are environmentally friendly or less harmful to the ecosystem. Material researchers, specifically those working in the automobile sector are also not behind in search of green products from eco-friendly raw materials and production methods. The automobile industry is collectively responsible for around 40% of global pollution in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Out of which around 20–30% is originating from tyre production and its end-use. In this view, tyre production from eco-friendly raw materials and technologies that have minimum hazardousness to the environment is a hot research topic today. A few products in the market with "green" tags and many are in the pipeline for the recent future. This review summarises a detailed discussion of the emerging green technologies for tyre production and depicted comprehensive data from the available literature. The paper has been drafted from a well-balanced academic and industrial point of view since the researchers from both sectors are working in harmony for a better future for green tyre technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The available data on the fluorite potential of the Khabarovsk krai, the Jewish Autonomous Region and Amur oblast have been synthesized. Fluorite deposits and occurrences were ascribed to the rare-earth–fluorite, beryllium–fluorite, fluorite–tin-ore, base-metal–fluorite, and fluorite mineralization types. Fluorite also occurs in the ore and phosphorite deposits of the fluorite-bearing mineralization type. The features of their localization in different tectono-stratigraphic areas of the region are shown. Fluorite-bearing districts were identified and their economic potential was assessed. Most promising fluorite occurrences are located along the periphery of the Siberian platform and in the southern part of the Bureya massif. Inferred fluorite resources were calculated and the prospects for their industrial development were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aconvenient and efficient route for the preparation of Tafamidis, the first and only medicine for patients with either wild-type or hereditary ATTR-CM so far, has been developed in 91% total yield over four steps starting from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid. The proposed synthetic route is free of using chromatographic purification, metal catalyst, and hazardous reagents, while having potential to large-scale synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the Internet of Things and other information technologies provides new methods for tourism information innovation. The development of computer technology has changed the traditional tourism mode and made the information-based tourism industry develop. With the improvement and development of embedded systems, embedded systems will develop in the direction of networking, intelligence, standardization and integration. In the process of innovation, the tourism system needs innovation support, support and protection, guidance and response mechanisms. The innovation of tourism system mainly relies on market demand and supply as its most important part, in which market demand is the main driving force for formation. The operation of the system is supported by the tourism support and protection subsystem, with the innovative technology subsystem as the most important content. Based on the traditional theory of tourism industry, this paper sorted out and analyzed the related needs of tourism industry, and combined with the computer industry, according to the embedded real-time network system and the convenience of the Internet of Things industry, on the relevant technology platform to establish a modern tourism industry development system. By using the powerful advantages of computer technology, this paper from the perspective of destination selection, management optimization, industrial development, consumption upgrading, service diversification and other aspects, to promote the development of modern cultural tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ICT service industry has become a burgeoning industry at a high and stable speed. Their equitable distribution can improve national and global positive peace. This paper aimed to verify the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution and its influencing factors in the ICT service industry. Based on the data from 31 Provinces in China from 2015 to 2019, this paper uses location quotient, spatial autocorrelation methods and spatial econometric analysis to explore the development characteristics, evolution and influencing factors of the ICT service industry, respectively. The main results are shown as follows: (1) China's ICT service industry is mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Tibet, and Guangdong, with a trend of specialisation development. They are not only distributed in cities with relatively superior overall development but also those with superior industrial and development carrier elements. Technological relevance, aggregation, and political difference might have an impact on promoting the emergence and development of these industries. (2) ICT service industry is characterised by stable and highly concentrated development. Numbers between three to five significant provinces and types with high-high (HH) and high-low (HL) clusters of local spatio-temporal association kept stable in the period. The HH was in eastern coastal areas, including Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shandong, and the HL was in Guangdong in 2015. There is a definite spatial correlation in spatial distribution with constant strengthening. (3) TUR, NDN, MIAT and the area were shown to have a significant role in promoting the ICT service industry, while NW, GDP and ICT Employment were shown to have a significant negative impact on this industry. Correspondingly, two strategies were put forward here: (1) accelerating the inter-provincial networking development of the ICT service industry, and (2) strengthening government policy guidance for the ICT service industry. These outcomes can not only provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for the distribution of strategies and resources for these industries at the theoretical level but also improve resource integration from the national perspective and the efficiency of resource use at the practical level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of our study was to explore the effect of living conditions on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities on a large region scale in Russia. For the analysis, cross-sectional data of the Russian study, ESSE-RF 2013–2014, were used. They were collected on a sample of 16,400 subjects from 10 regions of the Russia. ECG abnormalities were grouped into two categories: Major and Minor (sensu the 2009 version of the Minnesota Code Classification System). Regional living conditions were considered comprehensively via five indices combining 33 characteristics of the regions. The estimates were presented as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence values of major abnormalities in the sample were 8.4% among women and 9.4% among men (p = 0.021). The prevalence of minor abnormalities constituted 34.1% and 45.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). In men, the odd of major ECG abnormalities increased with the demographic depression growth (1.08: 1.04–1.12) and with industrial development growth in the region (1.12: 1.07–1.17). In women, an increase in the odd of major ECG abnormalities was directly associated with industrial development (1.12: 1.07–1.16) and inversely related to the economic development in the region (0.94: 0.89–0.99). The odd of minor ECG abnormalities in men and women declined with the growth of the regional economic development: OR of 0.95: 0.93–0.98, and OR of 0.92: 0.87–0.99, respectively. The study demonstrated an effect of regional living conditions of the Russian population on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities. The most stable and logically explainable relationships were obtained for industrial and economic characteristics of living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrialization of additive manufacturing strongly relies on the robustness of the process. In particular, the more complex Directed Energy Deposition (DED) processes offer great flexibility and higher build-up rates on the one hand, but on the other hand they pose challenges until a part can be printed with the desired properties. This paper adopts and compares different approaches, i.e. linear, sliding mode and model-based controller, for online process regulation of track height and width using a novel industrial sensor setup. Based on single track experiments, control parameters are determined and results of the closed loop analyzed. As a result, the linear controller shows the best performance and robustness. The performance for the track width can even be improved by a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller. Finally, the performance of the linear control strategy is tested with a complex motor cover part. Additionally, a digital twin representation shows the spatial representation of the process parameters and region of interests where thresholds or predefined process rules are violated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to classify and standardize graphene-related materials giving the growing use of this materials industrially. One of the most used and more difficult to classify is graphene oxide (GO). Inconsistent definitions of GO, closely relating it to graphene, are found in the literature and industrial brochures. Hence, although they have very different physicochemical properties and industrial applications, commonly used classifications of graphene and GO definitions are not substantial. Consequently, the lack of regulation and standardization create trust issues among sellers and buyers that impede industrial development and progress. With that in mind, this study offers a critical assessment of 34 commercially available GOs, characterized using a systematic and reliable protocol for accessing their quality. We establish correlations between GO physicochemical properties and its applications leading to rationale for its classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gum karaya (GK), which is produced by Sterculia urens trees, is complex carbohydrate exudate. This natural gum is commercially important global commodity, produced mostly in Asian and African countries. It is nondigestible and forms high viscosity solution in water. It is an ideal choice for applications in several foods and pharmaceuticals due to its binding, emulsifying, stabilizing and shelf-life improving properties. It has been found successful in drug delivery, drug microencapsulation, bioremediation and nanotechnology applications, and there exists further scope for exploring, unexplored area. The production of GK has declined in Asian countries like India, due to reduction in the resource base as a result of over-exploitation. The demand of natural products is increasing. To meet the future demand, there is a need to increase the resource base and propagate sustainable methods of GK production. The decreasing production of GK needs to be increased for sustainable livelihood of poor tribal people living in resource-constrained areas in Asian and African countries. Current literature documents research work carried out in determining its composition and properties, its application in food, pharmaceutical, bioremediation and other industries such as textile, tannery, plant micropropagation and paper making. This review emphasizes the scope of GK in various applications and its future prospects as a natural polysaccharide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I will examine workplace violence in the 19th century and its causes through the stories of seven workers. In the mid-19th century, seven millworkers in western Finland died from worker-on-worker violence. These cases form a body of data that I use to analyze the reasons for young men's violent behavior and its connection to the modernization process. The arrival of modern industry shaped new kinds of male roles, with industrial workers being categorized as either skilled or unskilled. The mills were locales in which males were pushed to represent this new kind of industrial masculinity, roles for which few of them were suited. This could lead to their humiliation and emasculation, which, in turn, sometimes resulted in outbursts of violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korean economist Ha-Joon Chang proposed the theory of "kicking away the ladder", in reference to how the world's great powers managed to establish themselves as such after a prolonged period of robust measures to protect their development. Once they achieved that, they entered the free global market, demanding that small countries eschew any protectionist measures and immediately enter the 'free trade' in a highly unprotected manner. According to this approach, Cybernetics in Latin America can be interpreted in different ways: it can be a confirmation of the disappearance of technological, social, and industrial development defended by the already non-existent Latin American developmental states that had a utopian view of technology as a tool for self-determination, but, on the other, it can also be a provocation for those in the region who still believe in the possibilities of Cybernetics to develop and support its proposals. There is a fundamental difference between using technology and producing it, while the ways of using it are also techniques or technologies in themselves. This paper outlines the meaning of first-order cybernetics and then interprets what second-order cybernetics has represented in Latin America, its Viable System Model, and how its components have evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By at least 1770, settlers of northern New Jersey appropriated the production of Indigenous shell beads, including iconic styles of wampum and hair pipes. At that time, American officials and fur-trade merchants exchanged Jersey-made beads primarily with Native Americans across the Midwest and Great Plains. Bead making was a regional household cottage industry before 1850, after which the Campbell Wampum Factory monopolized production through water-powered grinding wheels, drilling machines, and the waged labor of individuals who are labeled "black" and "mulatto" in census records. Two sites—Stoltz Farm and the Campbell Factory—were excavated in the early 20th century, but have not been previously analyzed. Reunited museum collections from each site reveal continuities and changes in bead manufacture. Data are examined relative to production variables (including raw materials, technologies, and styles produced) and Indigenous consumption in the context of colonialism. In evaluating oral-historical claims about industrialization, ratios of wasters to debitage suggest larger quantities of broken beads at the Campbell Factory than expected. Data also point to the increased risks of silicosis for wampum-factory workers due to concentrated calcium carbonate inhalation from intensive bead grinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the state of practice of consistency management in thirteen industrial model-based development settings. Our analysis shows a tight coupling between adopting shorter development cycles and increasingly pressing consistency management challenges. We find that practitioners desire to adopt shorter development cycles, but immature modeling practices slow them down. We describe the different patterns that emerge from the various industrial settings. There is an opportunity for researchers to provide practitioners with a migration path toward practices that enable more automated consistency management, and ultimately, continuous model-based development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the developmental procedure of a system that detects the markings of cast billets at the continuous furnace metal loading desk of the rolling shop No. 1 of the A. A. Ugarov Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant and describes its operation results. This system is based on neural networks that recognize the digits of a marking code. This paper proposes the recognition system structure as a whole, selects the structure of its constituent neural networks, and determines their tasks. The recognition results of the marking digits and form in which they are visualized to the operator at the control desk are presented. Based on the results, the accuracy of the industrial operation system for a continuous flow of billets is approximately 90%, taking into account possible distortions and heterogeneous structure of marking digits. The implementation of such a system enabled to increase the traceability of billets within the metallurgical plant and to reduce the operator load at the loading control desk as the developed system assists in the selection of billets for confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western European societies, ecologies, and economies were significantly impacted by industrialization after WWII. Steadily increasing urbanization and the abandonment of traditional agricultural activities led to a rapid erosion of local environmental knowledge (LEK). We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews in Padua, one of the most industrialized areas of Italy, to identify changes and drivers of change in plant foraging. We documented the use of 56 plant, fungal, and animal taxa, including the most foraged Humulus lupulus, Silene vulgaris, and Papaver rhoeas. These are mainly prepared in risottos, frittatas, and boiled mixtures. During their lifetime, 68% of the interviewees redirected their foraging area, 25% completely abandoned their foraging practice, and 7% abandoned foraging but resumed it after retirement. Changes in the foraging area and foraging abandonment were mainly driven by increased pollution and lack of land accessibility, as well as partially related lifestyle changes and (micro)climate change. In the face of such changes and with the aim of re-establishing the connection between peri-urban communities and their land, some local committees are struggling to take back the unused spaces of the industrial area and prevent future loss of land accessibility and consequent loss of LEK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What do studies of land rights in China contribute to the broader discipline of political science? First, the Chinese case challenges orthodox theories of secure, private property rights as a prerequisite for growth and sheds light on the distinctly fiscal roots of urban bias, a phenomenon pervasive in countries making the transition from agriculture to industry. Second, studies of land grabbing in the Chinese case provide a basis for comparisons of state-society relations in authoritarian vs. democratic regimes. While democratic institutions create more openings for aggrieved actors to organize and shape policy, ordinary citizens in both authoritarian and democratic regimes use protest in order to capture a greater share of rents from land. Third, land grabbing exacerbates inequalities; research on the Chinese case in comparative context shows that exclusionary modes of land ownership and limits on full social and political citizenship are mutually reinforcing across all types of regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative medicine now needs to pass a crucial turning point, from academic research to the market. Several sources/types of cells have been experimented with, more or less successfully. CD34+ cells have demonstrated multipotent or even pluripotent capacities, making them good candidates for regenerative medicine, particularly for treating heart diseases. Strongly encouraged by the results we achieved in a pilot study using CD34+ stem cells in patients with poor-prognosis acute myocardial infarcts (AMIs), we soon began the development of an industrialized platform making use of a closed automated device (StemXpand®) and a disposable kit (StemPack®) for the large-scale expansion of CD34+ cells with reproducible good manufacturing practice (GMP). This scalable platform can produce expanded CD34+ cells (ProtheraCytes®) of sufficient quality that, interestingly, express early markers of the cardiac and endothelial pathways and early cardiac-mesoderm markers. They also contain CD34+ pluripotent cells characterized as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), capable of differentiating under appropriate stimuli into different tissue lineages, including endothelial and cardiomyocytic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple is the most important economic plant in the family Bromeliaceae and the third-most economically important tropical fruit in the world. It has become an important tropical fruit in Guangdong, Hainan, and Guangxi, which are suitable areas for its cultivation. However, modern and well-organized breeding systems have not yet been established for pineapple. In this review, we describe the current status of the geographical distribution, industrial development, and breeding of pineapple in China. The current status of pineapple breeding is introduced, including traditional breeding methods, such as crossbreeding, mutagenesis breeding, and biotechnology breeding, combining cell engineering and gene engineering. In addition, the research progress on assisted breeding technology based on genetic map construction and molecular marker development is presented. New challenges and perspectives for obtaining high fruit quality are discussed in the context of breeding programs for pineapple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the effects of urbanization and industrialization on income inequality within the Kuznets curve hypothesis in low-, middle- and high- income countries over the period 1990–2014. Using the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR), the study finds out mixed results about the distributional effects of both urbanization and industrialization within the three panels. In high-income countries (HIC), urbanization increases inequality from the third quantile, while industrialization reduces inequality in most low and middle quantiles and becomes insignificant in the higher quantiles. In the upper -middle income countries (UMIC), urbanization has no significant effect in low and middle quantiles but leads to a significant increase in inequality in higher quantiles. In contrast to the improvement effect of industrialization on income distribution in HIC, it rises the inequality in UMIC. The results also show that urbanization reduces inequality, while industrialization has no significant effect in all quantiles of lower -middle income countries (LMIC). We also find out evidence of the existence of an inverted Kuznets-curve relationship in both UMIC and LMIC. These different results lead to consider income level differentials between countries when examining the distributional effects of both urbanization and industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the liquid nitrogen cooling in aluminium extrusion is a widely adopted industrial practice to increase the process productivity as well as to improve the extruded profile surface quality by reducing the profile exit temperatures. The cooling channels are commonly designed on the basis of die maker experience only, usually obtaining modest performances in terms of cooling efficiency. Trial-and-error approach is time and cost consuming, thus providing a relevant industrial interest in the development of reliable numerical simulations able to foresee and optimize the nitrogen cooling effect during the die design stage. In this work, an extensive experimental campaign was performed during the extrusion process of an AA6060 industrial hollow profile, in different conditions of nitrogen flow rate and ram speed. The monitored data (die and profile temperatures and extrusion load) were compared with the outputs of a fast and efficient numerical model proposed by the authors, and developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics code, able to compute not only the effect of nitrogen liquid flow but also the gaseous condition. The results of the simulations showed a good agreement with experimental data, and evidenced how far the experimental cooling channel design from an optimized condition was. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of studying interaction of melted and cast high-alumina refractories with additions of magnesium, boron, and sodium oxides, as well as melts of various types of optical glasses, i.e., flint, crown, and phosphate laser, are presented. Refractory corrosion resistance and tendency to form defects in contact with the glass are studied. It is shown that melted and cast corundum-spinelid refractory containing 5% MgO in contact with molten optical glass has good performance characteristics and may be recommended for industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the start of industrialization, machine capabilities have increased in such a way that human control of processes has evolved from simple (with mechanization) to cognitive (with computerization), and even emotional (with semi/full automation). The processes have also evolved from simple to complicated, and now complex systems, in the emerging context of Industry 4.0. The objective of the special issue "Human and Industry 4.0" is to benefit from studies and results from current manufacturing projects to highlight clues and good practices to design intelligent manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0, then paying attention to human involvements in order to unsure what it looks like in practice and how to realize these systems, especially when it comes to maintenance and operations. This paper aims to summarize the scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue "Human and Industry 4.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity availability and affordability have been the bane of the global industrial growth, especially in the third world countries. Studies have shown that poor maintenance/upgrade of transmission conductors (TCs) is one of the major causes of epileptic power supply. Irregular supply of electricity hampers economic growth and industrial development. Epileptic power supply as a function of dilapidated electricity grids, its causes, effects and remedies have formed the objective of this study. This work was focused on analysing the transmission conductors available in the world market with the aim of identifying limitations experienced in them and proffering solutions to these, dwelling on how to improve on them and subsequently revolutionize the sector. Special interest was put on the comparative analysis of the available transmission conductors, performance evaluation of the available TCs, characteristic properties of the TCs, prospective new and advanced materials for future TCs, recommendations for the improvement of existing TCs and conclusion. With the result of this study, it will be easy to determine which conductor performs more effectively in a given area such as temperate, industrial, tropical, hill or oceanic region. The study equally showcased the area that needs further research in order to boost electricity transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design for poverty alleviation (DPA) is becoming an active promoter and effective practice form of rural social innovation. This study aims to explore the sustainable, collaborative design path of rural poverty alleviation. Based on actor network theory, this study analyzes the poverty alleviation process of rural actor network construction and participatory translation through the perspective of design integration. The case study chooses the traditional Chinese handicraft, Shengzhou bamboo weaving, to discuss the key links and elements of sustainability such as the role, benefits, and interaction of multiple actors. The staged effectiveness and social impact of the design integration are evaluated by questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, qualitative and quantitative data collections, a logistic regression model was used to test for significant effects while adjusting for multiple factors simultaneously. The analysis shows that although DPA is difficult to realize the fundamental adjustment of the rights and interests of rural craftsmen, it plays a key role in guiding the development of industrial goals, expected economic and social benefits, brings huge driving force and implementation effect to rural social innovation. The actor network theory solves the problem of separation between the individual and network attributes of DPA among stakeholders, and provides an innovative basis for rural social innovation to choose effective design intervention and mechanisms to balance the rights and interests of various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents life-test results obtained for a new mixed-diesel hydrotreating catalyst developed by Gazprom Neft PJSC. The performance properties of the catalyst and its imported counterpart are comparatively evaluated. The quality and characteristics of the Russian catalyst are confirmed as compliant with international standards under industrial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent stabilization work at the Ludlow Massacre Site National Historic Landmark revealed new insights into memorialization activities over time. The site commemorates a battle between striking miners and the Colorado National Guard which culminated in the destruction of a striking miners ‘tent colony by fire causing the deaths of two women and eleven children in a cellar. The United Mine Workers of America erected a monument and preserved that cellar in cement sometime after 1918. Unexpected finds encountered during preservation work on the cellar raise issues related to collective memory, memorialization, and scale. These finds offer new understandings of changes made at the site by the strikers and the UMWA since the massacre in 1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the development of pharmaceutical products is known to bring many advantages to the table, such as increased product and process knowledge, robust manufacturing processes, and regulatory flexibility regarding changes during the commercial phase. However, many companies still adhere to a more traditional pharmaceutical process development—in some cases due to the difficulty of going from a theoretical view of QbD to its actual application. This article presents a real-world case study for the development of an industrial pharmaceutical drug product (oral solid dosage form) using the QbD methodology, demonstrating the activities involved and the gains in obtaining systematic process and product knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectinase, a group of pectin degrading enzymes, is one of the most influential industrial enzymes, helpful in producing a wide variety of products with good qualities. These enzymes are biocatalysts and are highly specific, non-toxic, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Consequently, both pectin and pectinase are crucially essential biomolecules with extensive applicatory perception in the biotechnological sector. The market demand and application of pectinases in new sectors are continuously increasing. However, due to the high cost of the substrate used for the growth of microbes, the production of pectinase using microorganisms is limited. Therefore, low-cost or no-cost substrates, such as various agricultural biomasses, are emphasized in producing pectinases. The importance and implications of pectinases are rising in diverse areas, including bioethanol production, extraction of DNA, and protoplast isolation from a plant. Therefore, this review briefly describes the structure of pectin, types and source of pectinases, substrates and strategies used for pectinases production, and emphasizes diverse potential applications of pectinases. The review also has included a list of pectinases producing microbes and alternative substrates for commercial production of pectinase applicable in pectinase-based industrial technology. Key points • Pectinase applications are continuously expanding. • Organic wastes can be used as low-cost sources of pectin. • Utilization of wastes helps to reduce pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]