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A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, nonspore- forming, coccoid or rod-shaped and creamy-pigmented bacterium, designated SYP-B2100T, was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Codonopsis clematidea in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The optimal growth occurred at 28°C, pH 5.0, in the absence of NaCl. The cells tested positive in catalase and methyl red tests but negative in oxidase, urease, gelatinase, milk coagulation, and peptonisation, H2S production, nitrate reduction, and Voges-Proskauer tests. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0 and summed feature 8. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-B2100T was the most similar to that of Rahnella inusitata DSM 30078T (96.9%) within the family Enterobacteriaceae. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain SYP-B2100T was 50.3 mol%. The combined data from the phylogenetic, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses presented in this study support the conclusion that strain SYP-B2100T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Edaphovirga cremea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SYPB2100T (= CGMCC 1.5857T = DSM 105170T = KCTC 62024T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel yellow pigmented, Gram-positive, aerobic and heavy metal biosorptive bacterium designated SYP-B2667T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Epilobium hirsutum L. in Tongren, Guizhou province, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, it was shown that strain SYP-B2667T represents a novel species in the genus Leucobacter, with Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus JCM 15573T as a close phylogenetic neighbour (sequence similarity of 98.2%). Chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter. Strain SYP-B2667T was determined to have a DNA G+C content of 66.6 mol%; 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan amino acids; MK-11 as predominant menaquinone; an abundance of anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 fatty acids; and polar lipids including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and unidentified phospholipids. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain SYP-B2667T and L. chromiireducens subsp. solipictus JCM 15573T was 19.7 ± 2.8%. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, it can be concluded that strain SYP-B2667T represents a novel species, for which the name Leucobacter epilobiisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYP-B2667T (=DSM 105145T=CPCC 204976T). This strain can tolerate and adsorb five heavy metals and so may have potential to facilitate heavy metal removal and bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) preconditioning protected neurons survival from brain ischemia. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study explored the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the process by measuring the expression of NO synthase (NOS) and NO levels. Male Wistar rats (100) were randomly assigned into four groups: sham group, IH + sham group, ischemia group and IH + ischemia group. Rats for IH preconditioning were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia mimicking 5000 m high-altitude (PB = 404 mmHg, PO2 = 84 mmHg) 6 h/day, once daily for 28 days. Global brain ischemia was established by four-vessel occlusion that has been created by Pulsinelli. Rats were sacrificed at 7th day after the ischemia for neuropathological evaluation by thionin stain. In addition, the expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and NO content in the hippocampal CA1 subfield were measured at 2nd day and 7th day after the ischemia. Results revealed that global brain ischemia engendered delayed neuronal death (DND), both nNOS and iNOS expression up-regulated, and NO content increased in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. IH preconditioning reduced neuronal injury induced by the ischemia, and prevented the up-regulation of NOS expression and NO production. In addition, L-NAME + ischemia group was designed to detect whether depressing NO production could alleviate the DND. Pre-administration of L-NAME alleviated DND induced by the ischemia. These results suggest that IH preconditioning plays a protective role by inhibiting the over expression of NOS and NO content after brain ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SYP-B2174T is a yellow-pigmented, Gram-positive, non-motile, and rod-shaped actinobacterium isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Aquilegia viridiflora Pall. collected from the Xinjiang uygur autonomous region of China. The strain’s growth temperature ranges from 1 to 35°C, with an optimal growth being observed at 28°C. Growth occurs from 0 to 5% NaCl and at pH 6-8, with optimal growth being observed in 1% NaCl at pH 7. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species Leifsonia kafniensis JCM 17021T and Leifsonia psychrotolerans DSM 22824T with similarities of 97.8 and 97.6%, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values of the strain SYP-B2174T to its closest phylogenetic neighbors were significantly lower than 35.7%. The strain was identified as a novel species of the genus Leifsonia judging by the coryneform morphology, peptidoglycans based upon 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, principal phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, major menaquinone MK-11, predominant fatty acids of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0, and a DNA G + C base composition of 68.7 mol%, for which the name Leifsonia flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYP-B2174T (= CGMCC 1.15856T = DSM 105144T = KCTC 39963T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel bacterial strains, designated SYP-B540 and SYP-B556, were isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng located at Yunnan Province, China. Both strains were Gram-staining negative, aerobic, non-motile, elongated rod shaped and yellow coloured. They grew optimally at 28 °C and pH 7.0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains shared 99.8 % sequence similarity to each other, but lower than 97.6 % to the other known species of the genus Flavobacterium. The predominant respiratory quinone for the two strains was MK-6, and the major fatty acids were iso-C and summed Feature 3 (comprising 16:1 ω7c and/or 16:1 ω6c). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified polar lipids and three unidentified amino-phospholipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SYP-B540 and SYP-B556 were 33.3 and 32.7 mol%, respectively. In addition, the DNA-DNA hybridization values of strains SYP-B540 and SYP-B556 to their closest phylogenetic neighbors were significantly lower than 70 %. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomy studies, strains SYP-B540 and SYP-B556 represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium notoginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYP-B540 (=KCTC 32505 = NBRC 110012 = BCRC 80724). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and pale yellow colour actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-B575, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng. The optimal growth of the strain was found to occur at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and without NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain SYP-B575 clearly belongs to the genus Sinomonas and should be considered as a candidate of novel species within this genus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain SYP-B575 and the other Sinomonas type strains ranged from 97.3 to 96.0 %. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-9(H) and the major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C and anteiso-C. The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipids. The major cell-wall amino acids were identified as Lys, Ala, Glu, Gly and Ser. The whole-cell sugars were identified as mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 66.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between SYP-B575 and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were lower than 35.5 %. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain SYP-B575 represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas notoginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYP-B575 (=DSM 27685 = KCTC 29237). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketogulonicigenium vulgare has been widely used in vitamin C two-step fermentation. Four K. vulgare strains (WSH-001, Y25, Hbe602 and SKV) have been completely genome-sequenced, however, less attention was paid to elucidate the reason for the differences in 2-KGA yield on genetic level. Here, a novel K. vulgare SPU B805 with higher 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA) yield, was genome-sequenced to confirm harboring one circular chromosome with plasmid free. Comparative genome analyses showed that the absence of plasmid 2 was an important factor for its high 2-KGA productivity. The amino acid biosynthetic pathways in strain SPU B805 are much more complete than those in other K. vulgare strains. Meanwhile, strain SPU B805 harbored a complete PPP and TCA route, as well as a disabled EMP and ED pathway, same as to strain SKV, whereas strain WSH-001, Y25 and Hbe602 harbored complete PPP, ED, TCA pathway and a nonfunctional EMP pathway. The transcriptome of strain SPU B805 validated the carbon metabolism in cytoplasm mainly through the PPP pathway due to its higher transcriptional levels. This is the first time to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the difference in 2-KGA yield, and it is of great significance for strain improvement in the industrial fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The order of corresponding author was inadvertently published. Hence, the first and the second corresponding authors should be Min Zhang (hebmuzhangmin@163.com) and Jing-Ge Zhang (zhangjg001@163.com). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]