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This document is a collection of biographical profiles of contributors to the Advances in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry: Reviews and Trends Collection 2024. The collection features review-type articles by the journal's Editorial Board, showcasing their expertise in various areas of analytical chemistry. The contributors include researchers from institutions around the world, such as the University of Regensburg, Peking University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the University of Oviedo. Their research interests range from biosensors and nanotechnology to mass spectrometry and electrochemical analysis. These profiles provide valuable insights into the diverse perspectives and accomplishments of these researchers in the field of analytical chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

Indian science academia has a dearth of women researchers at all levels. Not only are they under-represented, but they are also under-highlighted, under-mentored and overlooked for awards, grants and other career-advancing steps. To effectively address this problem and devise a solution for the inequity, we need data on the proportion of women faculty across multiple STEM institutions. Such a database, currently, does not exist. To fill this gap, we formed BiasWatchIndia to (1) document the inequities, and (2) provide real-time actionable data as a basis for future remedial steps. Along with collecting data on women representation at the faculty level in Indian STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) academia, BiasWatchIndia also helps highlight the lack of women representation and gender imbalance in Indian STEM talks, conferences, workshops and panels. Based on our findings, we recommend several measures that need to be implemented by universities and institutes to challenge the status quo changes for women in Indian academia. Documentation of women's inclusion in Indian academia and conferences by BiasWatchIndia reveals the scale of underrepresentation of women across science, technology, engineering and mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science is a reputable journal that publishes articles on various topics in materials science. It receives numerous submissions each year, which are reviewed by editors who are active researchers themselves. The journal has a strong emphasis on bio and medical materials science, as well as chemical routes to materials. The document provides summaries of the research interests and achievements of several scientists in the field, including Catalin Croitoru, Yi (David) Ju, Steven E. Naleway, Ghanshyam Pilania, Subha Narayan Rath, and Annela M. Seddon. The summaries highlight their contributions to the field, including their research focus, affiliations, publications, and awards. This resource is designed to assist library patrons in determining whether they would like to explore these scientists' work further. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A is the premier peer-reviewed scientific journal in comparative physiology, in particular sensory physiology, neurophysiology, and neuroethology. Founded in 1924 by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn, it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2024. During these 100 years, many of the landmark achievements in these disciplines were published in this journal. To commemorate these accomplishments, we have compiled a list of the Top 100 Authors over these 100 years, representing approximately 1% of all its authors. To select these individuals, three performance criteria were applied: number of publications, total number of citations attracted by these articles, and mean citation rate of the papers published by each author. The resulting list of the Top 100 Authors provides a fascinating insight into the history of the disciplines covered by the Journal of Comparative Physiology A and into the academic careers of many of their leading representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A was founded in 1924 as the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn. Given the marginalization of women in science at that time, it is remarkable that the first article in the Journal was authored by a female scientist, Ruth Beutler. Throughout her scientific career, she was affiliated with the Zoological Institute of the University of Munich, which, under the leadership of von Frisch, evolved into a world-class academic institution. Despite chronic health problems, Beutler was one of the first women who succeeded in obtaining the Habilitation as qualification for appointment to a professorial position. She was also one of the first scientists who applied methods from physiological chemistry to the study of zoological phenomena. Yet, for many years she was employed as a technician only, and she was never appointed to an Ordinarius (tenured full professorship) position. Her most important contributions to comparative physiology outside her own area of research were her support for, and protection of, Karl von Frisch, particularly during the Nazi era when he, as a 'quarter-Jew,' faced imminent threat of forced retirement; and after World War II, when her efforts as interim Ordinarius were instrumental in re-building the bombed-out Zoological Institute to persuade Karl von Frisch to return to Munich. It was also one of her observations that prompted him to revisit, and revise, his earlier (incorrect) model of how honeybees communicate, through their dances, the direction and distances of food sources from the hive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing awareness of the impact of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) or STEM-related fields and the influence of marriage on women's retention in those fields. This study examines the relationship between the continued employment of married women with STEM or STEM-related majors in relevant occupations and their spouses having the same field of occupation/major, as well as the difference in this association when considering the presence of children. This study analyzed a sample comprising 147,467 married college-educated women aged 25–55 years. The analysis was restricted to women with a STEM or STEM-related major and a spouse who was college-educated and employed. All the data were drawn from the 2015–2019 waves of data released by the American Community Survey (ACS). The results reveal that spousal occupational similarity is positively associated with married women's retention in STEM and STEM-related (healthcare) occupations. Moreover, the presence of children is a moderator variable in the relationship between women's employment in STEM or STEM-related occupations and their spouses' having STEM or STEM-related occupations. This study aims to provide information for research on spousal homogamy, women's career development, and women with STEM or STEM-related majors and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held the 3rd International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, (ISTR-2023) at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria, during the week of 16–21 April 2023. This procedural paper summarizes highlights from symposium presentations, posters, panel discussions and satellite meetings, and provides additional resources that may be useful to researchers working with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in the academic, government and industry setting amongst IAEA Member States and beyond. More than 550 participants in person from 88 Member States attended the ISTR-2023. Over 360 abstracts were presented from all over the world by a diverse group of global scientists working with radiopharmaceuticals. Given this group of international radiochemists is unique to ISTR (IAEA funding enabled many to attend), there was an invaluable wealth of knowledge on the global state of the radiopharmaceutical sciences present at the meeting. The intent of this Proceedings paper is to share this snapshot from our international colleagues with the broader radiopharmaceutical sciences community by highlighting presentations from the conference on the following topics: Isotope Production and Radiochemistry, Industrial Insights, Regional Trends, Training and Education, Women in the Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, and Future Perspectives and New Initiatives. The authors of this paper are employees of IAEA, members of the ISTR-2023 Organizing Committee and/or members of the EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry Editorial Board who attended ISTR-2023. Overall, ISTR-2023 fostered the successful exchange of scientific ideas around every aspect of the radiopharmaceutical sciences. It was well attended by a diverse mix of radiopharmaceutical scientists from all over the world, and the oral and poster presentations provided a valuable update on the current state-of-the-art of the field amongst IAEA Member States. Presentations as well as networking amongst the attendees resulted in extensive knowledge transfer amongst the various stakeholders representing 88 IAEA Member States. This was considered particularly valuable for attendees from Member States where nuclear medicine and the radiopharmaceutical sciences are still relatively new. Since the goal is for the symposium series to be held every four years; the next one is anticipated to take place in 2027. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do women remain underrepresented in some science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields? Research has uncovered various situational factors such as belongingness cues, but one understudied (and related) factor may be outperformance-related discomfort. Specifically, when people outperform others who are upset about being outperformed, they may experience sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison (STTUC; Exline and Lobel, in Psychological Bulletin 125:307–337, 1999). Three studies examined the potential role of STTUC among women in STEM and how STTUC relates to feelings of belongingness. Study 1 recruited a large internet sample of undergraduate women and found that the tendency to experience STTUC corresponded with relatively low levels of belongingness in both STEM and arts/humanities courses. Replicating prior research, results also showed significantly lower levels of belongingness in STEM vs. arts/humanities courses. Study 2 found higher anticipated levels of perceiving the outperformed person as upset and experiencing STTUC-related concerns among undergraduate women (vs. men) who imagined academically outperforming others. Study 3 examined women and non-binary first-year undergraduates in STEM and found that the tendency to experience STTUC corresponded to relatively low levels of belongingness in STEM at two time points. Taken together, results suggest that experiencing outperformance-related discomfort in STEM may predict relatively low levels of belongingness, which, over time, may contribute to weakening women's interest in pursuing STEM. The present research may be of particular interest to educators, administrators, and policy makers interested in improving women's representation in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter Ayres' book, "Women and the natural sciences in Edwardian Britain: in search of fellowship," explores the obstacles faced by women in gaining entrance to learned societies in the early 20th century. Ayres focuses on the context of women's place in the scientific endeavor, education and training, and the lives of learned societies. He also examines the experiences of individual women who were pioneers in advocating for women's inclusion in these societies. While the book provides detailed information on these women and their struggles, the organization of the book makes it difficult for readers to grasp the overall picture. Nonetheless, the book offers valuable material for further research on the topic. [Extracted from the article]

EPA's DSSTox chemical structure database: a curated chemistry resource supporting computational toxicology research. As I shifted my focus to cleaning up datasets and chemical structure-identifier associations, I became alarmed at the scope of the problem across public datasets, undermining toxicity modeling efforts. Or consider a chemical-activity HTS result where the chemical was originally misidentified by a major supplier (yes, this happens) or, unbeknownst to the experimenter, the chemical reacted, volatilized, or degraded under the testing conditions. My hope for the near future is that public data resources supporting chemical-toxicity evaluation and regulation not only continue to expand, but that quality chemical curation becomes the norm and is demanded and expected by the scientific and regulatory communities. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, the authors seek to analyze the perceptions, motivations and experiences of young women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education projects aiming to incentivize gender equity, based on the theoretical framework of feminist studies on science and intersectionality, as well as academic literature on equity and inclusion in science communication. The following question was considered: How does experience in these projects influence young women's perceptions of belonging in the STEM fields? Working from a qualitative, content analysis approach, the authors conducted 73 questionnaires, 20 interviews, and 4 focus groups with 25 young women who participated in 4 projects developed in public schools in low-income settings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The authors categorized the experience of these young women in their individual dimension–regarding motivations, interests, science identity and future career prospects; family dimension–encouragement and recognition from family members and parents' beliefs and expectations; educational dimension–recognition by the school community, improvement in school performance, and intervention in school spaces; project dimension–representativeness of gender, race, class, and location, development of self-esteem and self-confidence, building of a sense of belonging, and active learning methodologies; and social dimension–domestic work in their daily lives and experiences of discrimination based on gender, race, class and location. The authors argue that such projects become "counter-spaces" in which marginalized young women find spaces of resistance and possibility, based on the unique position they occupy and, through feeling included and belonging, can claim their rightful presence from an intersectional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research suggests an under-representation of women among teleworkers before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we know little about whether such a gender gap was substantial, and whether it could be explained by occupational gender segregation. We explore whether a gender gap in regularly teleworking existed in the EU-28 and analyse its possible constituents, drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. To form a group of potential teleworkers, the analytical sample was restricted to employees who made use of information and communication technology (N ≈ 16,000). Country fixed effects regression and multilevel models were applied. The results show that women were under-represented among teleworkers compared to men, also when occupational gender segregation is taken into account; the remaining gender gap in telework is estimated at 10%. For women, working part-time and working in the private sector was associated with lower incidences of telework, but not for men. Country characteristics explain a small but significant share of telework incidence. In countries that rank high on the Gender Equality Index and have a large public sector, telework was widespread, whereas it was less present in countries with higher shares of women in the fields of science and engineering. The findings support the view that the gender gap in teleworking from home is a matter of historically grown gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooper and Sheriff Truman appear together in many scenes and share most of their contacts: their degree is the same, and rather high (35 in the entire network, i.e., more connected with more than half of the other characters; 20 in the BC network, growing the fraction to two-thirds of other characters). After the nodes of the BC network are set up and Dale Cooper is introduced, new AD nodes are added with a preferential attachment to BC: a newly added node has a much higher probability of being connected to the BC core than to fellow AD periphery. In Figure 7 we discuss the relationship between networks of BC characters and AD characters - what we call the Dale Cooper effect. From here we deduce that Truman and Cooper are not abnormally well connected in the BC network; but in the BC + AD network, they are more popular than they would be in a random network. [Extracted from the article]

Despite the international focus on validation and success indicators of academic work across disciplines, examples of accomplished educational psychologists and their personal stories have been limited in the literature. Prinz et al. (2021) interviewed Five Highly Successful Female Educational Psychologists and offered a content analysis of their success stories, including the academics’ strategies and trademark characteristics. In this Commentary, I expand on their findings in light of equity and intersectionality perspectives on academic success. I problematise academic success indicators (publication records and impact) with reference to literature on gender disparities in publication metrics and lack of inclusivity in generic measures of academic success. I outline how individual success narratives intersect with our collective responsibility for higher wellbeing and professional recognition of all colleagues. I argue that the equity and intersectionality perspectives are fundamental to inclusive narratives of success and highlight the power structures that have historically impeded access of diverse and minority scholars to top academic positions. I conclude with four recommendations for addressing the persistent structures of inequities in academic career opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyo Phyo Kyaw Zin, Ph.D (Chemistry), is a Cheminformatics Scientist at Terray Therapeutics, where she develops in-silico techniques to advance drug discovery. My current work at Terray Therapeutics helps with overcoming the data scarcity challenge in the field because we are generating extremely large, precise chemical datasets for biological targets of interest at an unparalleled scale using microarray technology. It is more of a vision because it will require advanced cheminformatics techniques, medicinal chemistry, and biology expertise, as well as substantial amounts of genetic, biological, and chemical data. I also develop rapid, reaction-based enumeration methods for enumerating virtual libraries, analyze large chemical data, and extract SAR (structure-activity relationships) and chemical insights for interactive drug design and optimization. [Extracted from the article]

While women's participation at research stations has been celebrated as a success story for women in science, their experiences were not quite equal to that of men scientists. This article shows how women interested in practicing marine science at research institutions experienced different living and research environments than their male peers; moreover, it illustrates how those gendered experiences reflected and informed the nature of their scientific practices and ideas. Set in Roscoff, France, this article excavates the work and social worlds of a Russian scientist, Natalie Karsakoff (1863–1941), and a British émigré in France, Anna Vickers (1853–1906), to show how a small group of single women who studied algae created a "central bureau of feminine algology." The social aspects of this bureau, and the physical space and support funded by Vickers, allowed these women scientists to both participate in male-dominated practices of science and lend evidentiary support to an ecological category that emphasized benign coexistence rather than struggle. This study adds an empirical case of single women scientists managing successful careers in science and contributing to science through publication and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentorship and collaboration necessarily shaped opportunities for women in science, especially in the late nineteenth century at rapidly expanding public co-educational universities. A few male faculty made space for women to establish their own research programs and professional identities. At the University of Minnesota, botanist Conway MacMillan, an ambitious young department chair, provided a qualified mentorship to Josephine Tilden. He encouraged her research on algae and relied on her to do departmental support tasks even as he persuaded the administration to move her from instructor to assistant professor in 1903. Resulting publications on Minnesota algae led her to look further west, first at Yellowstone National Park and then along the Pacific Northwest coast. After visiting a particularly productive littoral site on Vancouver Island, she suggested that they establish a Minnesota Seaside Station there. Over its seven years in operation under the Midwestern leaders, that location proved remarkably productive. At the remote site, the two operated within their typical but not inevitable gendered roles and deliberately defined their seaside station as unconventional. They expected participants to study productively and, at the same time, find imaginative ways to enjoy nature at a place far from urban amenities. Gendered expectations remained casual as participants moved both within and against them. This study investigates how, in the early twentieth century, the role and expectations of mentorship shifted as Tilden established her own independent research agenda. The Minnesota Seaside Station, in particular, proved significant in developing the leadership skills essential for her to pursue research in the Pacific region at a time when American expansionism and indigenous cooperation made sites accessible to academic researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between gender-based earnings disparity and gendered dimensions of human capital gains and labor market changes are quite complex. Some scholars have argued that gender bias improves the over economy of a country/society. Others, however, have argued otherwise, adding to the narrative that despite an overall positive role of educational/human capital gains by women, the benefits reaped by them is non-linear, often with declining premiums for educational progress. This research investigates gendered earnings disadvantage and (dis)parity across US counties by employing GIS-based maps, descriptive statistics, correlations and regression analyses wherein female earnings and female-versus-male earnings ratios are regressed against select explanatory variables representing educational attainments, gender-based work-status, and their occupational over/under-representation in the labor market. Five-years estimates data (2015–2019) from the NHGIS are used for computing location quotients for major occupation-types by gender and additional statistical analyses. Females with professional, Master's and doctoral degrees have improved earnings, even though gender parity is better for both genders among the less educated. Sadly, gender disparity in earnings is higher when male-versus-female ratio increases for those majoring in science/engineering, science and engineering-related and business degrees. Greater gender parity, however, is noted when more men major in Education—a sub-field largely deemed as feminine. This research calls for focused policy interventions toward encouraging more women in STEM and science/engineering disciplines, along with strategic programs to help attract more women into working full-time—one of the several ways toward bridging the earnings gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore how members of the scientific community leave academic science and how attrition (defined as ceasing to publish) differs across genders, academic disciplines, and over time. Our approach is cohort-based and longitudinal: We track individual male and female scientists over time and quantify the phenomenon traditionally referred to as “leaving science.” Using publication metadata from Scopus—a global bibliometric database of publications and citations—we follow the details of the publishing careers of scientists from 38 OECD countries who started publishing in 2000 (N = 142,776) and 2010 (N = 232,843). Our study is restricted to 16 STEMM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine), and we track the individual scholarly output of the two cohorts until 2022. We use survival analysis to compare attrition of men and women scientists. With more women in science and more women within cohorts, attrition is becoming ever less gendered. In addition to the combined aggregated changes at the level of all STEMM disciplines, widely nuanced changes were found to occur at the discipline level and over time. Attrition in science means different things for men versus women depending on the discipline; moreover, it means different things for scientists from different cohorts entering the scientific workforce. Finally, global bibliometric datasets were tested in the current study, opening new opportunities to explore gender and disciplinary differences in attrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields is a key challenge in many countries. Extant studies have explored why women opt out of STEM fields and how to encourage women to enter these fields. The current research examined the use of dynamic information about the collective change in a behavior over time to increase women's willingness and intention to embark on STEM fields. Across two experimental studies and a mini meta-analysis, we found that when exposed to a message about an increasing number of women choosing to pursue STEM careers over time, female students in high school (Study 1) and college (Study 2) were more likely to declare an intention to enter STEM fields and have more interest in STEM careers. Furthermore, we tested the mediating effects of self-efficacy and perceived identity compatibility (Study 2). The results showed that dynamic norms can increase women's self-efficacy for pursuing a career in STEM fields and perceived identity compatibility, thereby leading to greater interest in STEM fields and more willingness to choose a STEM career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity is a creative force that broadens views and enhances ideas; it increases productivity as well as the impact of our science, making our respective organisations more agile and timely. Equality of opportunity is a key to success for any research organisation. Here we argue that every research organisation, whether in academia or in industry, needs to have better inclusion policies to harness the benefits of diversity in research. Drawing from our personal experiences and perspectives as women in science, we share our suggestions on how to promote inclusion in academia and create a better research culture for all. Our shared experiences highlight the many hurdles women in science face on a daily basis. We stress that rules and regulations, as well as education for awareness, will play critical role in this much needed shift from a male-dominated scientific culture that dates from Victorian times to a modern focus on gender equality in science. The key ingredients of this new culture will be flexibility, transparency, fairness and thoughtfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the context that involves historical and current reasons of gender inequality in Brazil, this study aims to analyze the positive Brazilian legislation regarding women's performance in scientific research and its effectiveness. The subject is extremely relevant for two main reasons: first, due to the absence of current research that thoroughly examines the effectiveness of laws in favor of women's performance in Brazilian science. Second, because despite the progressive advances, it is necessary to monitor women's performance with the purpose of subsidizing policies aimed at confronting inequalities. The methodology used was bibliographic review and the research technique used was indirect documental by means of written bibliographic and documentary sources. This analysis showed the lack of specific policies to encourage and ensure women's performance in the scientific field and especially the low effectiveness of existing policies. Although neutrality and impartiality are fundamental principles for doing science, in concrete reality and from a gender perspective, the academic and scientific environment are still biased and partial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations have been founded to build communities by bringing together scientists from diverse backgrounds but with one shared identity and the common goal of strengthening their roles, increasing their visibility, and promoting their representation. In this conversation, representatives from three such organizations share their experiences and advice with Nature Communications. Priscilla Kolibea Mante (a Co-Chair), Encieh Erfani (a member of the Executive Committee) and Lisa Herzog (an alumna) of the Global Young Academy (GYA) discuss the role of their organization in supporting early career researchers. Kaela Singleton, the president-elect of Black In Neuro, discusses their mission to empower Black neuroscientists. Jennifer Thomson, the president of the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), informs us about their efforts in providing career development, networking and leadership opportunities to women from the developing (and developed) world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U. S. National Institutes of Health is committed to addressing gender discrimination and fostering inclusive excellence, which is critical for the advancement of creativity and innovation in science. Strategies and processes aimed at achieving these goals are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleanor Margaret (née Peachey) Burbidge was a five-sigma event, whether you are counting outstanding 20th-century astrophysicists, pioneering women in science, or fascinating people! Here are a few of the details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph B Lingjun Li b is Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor and the Charles Melbourne Johnson Distinguished Chair Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Graph B Günter Gauglitz b is Senior Professor at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen working on analytical and physical chemistry. Graph B Gérard Hopfgartner b is Professor of Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry in the Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of the University of Geneva. Graph B Adam T. Woolley b is Chair Editor of I Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry i , and Dean of Graduate Studies and University Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Brigham Young University in Provo, UT, USA. [Extracted from the article]

Members of the scientific community who wish to join Hei in supporting this can do so by making a contribution in Hei's memory to the Hei Leung Women in Rice Science Award at the Global Rice Research Fund - www.RiceFound.org. Robert S. Zeigler, On behalf of the global rice research community The rice world lost a much-loved friend and intellectual light with the passing of Hei Leung. Tom recalls that Hei was highly recommended by Dr. S. H. Ou, IRRI's first plant pathologist, who had met Hei during a sabbatical at UW Madison after retiring from IRRI. [Extracted from the article]

Further, I BioDrugs i has published content in a timely manner, with an average time from submission to acceptance of 86 days in 2021. The high quality of content published in I BioDrugs i has been reflected in the most recent Impact Factor of 5.807 and CiteScore™ of 9.40. [Extracted from the article]

PhD training is not just about producing future academics and publications, although of course it is always desirable for researchers to see their work published, publications are not the be all and end all. Graph Karen Faulds is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde and an expert in the development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and Raman techniques for novel analytical detection strategies and in particular multiplexed bioanalytical applications. [Extracted from the article]

Underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) increasingly demands the necessity to find and enhance current learning engagement approaches to bring more women into computing fields. Some researchers have been exploring the influence of gamification on female students as one of these possible learning engagement strategies. Gamification refers to the introduction of video game elements into non-game activities to enhance engagement and motivation. Previous studies have reported mixed results of the impact of gamification on women. In this study, we introduce SEP-CyLE (Software Engineering and Programming Cyberlearning Environment), an online gamified tool that was designed to provide supplemental computing content to students. This paper presents a convergent mixed-methods study guided by social identity theory and self-efficacy to understand women's experiences with this gamified tool. More specifically, this study explores virtual points' and leaderboards' effects on CS identity development, self-efficacy, and performance. The results show that virtual points and the leaderboard contributed to improved performance for students of all genders, suggesting that gamification is a gender-neutral learning engagement strategy that improves female students' performance as much as male students. Regardless of improved performance, most women did not actively enjoy or were motivated by the virtual points or leaderboard in SEP-CyLE. Additionally, gamification had no significant impact on CS identity development or self-efficacy constructs and had little to no impact on women's interest and engagement in the field of computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many studies about women in science. They reveal, among other findings, that men and women generally do not enroll in the same science streams. Going beyond this observation, it becomes relevant to examine representations of the sciences among male and female science students to determine what influences their choices. Our study is based on a survey among a representative sample of 1352 first-year science students at the University of Lille. Our results, both quantitative and qualitative, underscore the relevance of streams in the rationalization of these different representations of sciences, for one, and show that the correlation is not due to a gendered structure of the streams, for another. Indeed, there are significant differences in attitudes towards the sciences regardless of whether a student is male or female, but these attitudes are strongly correlated with the student's chosen stream. It is therefore important to keep the influence of gender on representations of science in perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated the characteristics, influencing factors, and working strategies of highly successful educational psychologists. These studies, however, have focused mainly on male scholars. Consequently, little is known about how successful female educational psychologists go about their work and are so productive. In the present study, we addressed this gap by interviewing five leading female educational psychologists (Patricia Alexander, Carol Dweck, Jacquelynne Eccles, Mareike Kunter, and Tamara van Gog) about factors that have aided their success and about their gender-related experiences. The five female scholars revealed their trademark characteristics, the important people and places that influenced their careers, and their time- and research-management strategies. They also provided unique insights about their experiences and perspectives as women in the field of educational psychology. Findings offer guidance for budding scholars, particularly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mary Somerville's life as a mathematician and savant in nineteenth-century Great Britain was heavily influenced by her gender; as a woman, her access to the ideas and resources developed and circulated in universities and scientific societies was highly restricted. Baily suggested that they be left for William at the Athenaeum Club, where he could collect them at his convenience and ensure their safe delivery to Somerville.[46] William Somerville as Literary Agent During the 1830s, Somerville began using her acquired knowledge to supplement her income through the publication of books. According to their daughter, who edited Somerville's I Personal Recollections i , William would visit libraries of the learned societies on Somerville's behalf to source books she required [[47], 85]. Although Somerville was a prolific letter writer and maintained a vast network of personal correspondents throughout Western Europe for much of her life, a significant proportion of her correspondence was mediated through her husband, not least because William's increased visibility as a professional man, specifically surgeon general at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, meant that he was more easily contactable than Somerville; if their personal address was unknown, letters could instead be addressed to that institution, to be forwarded. [Extracted from the article]

A recent I Clinical Autonomic Research i special issue highlighting sex differences in autonomic cardiovascular control was spearheaded by women leaders in the field who are also members of the I Clinical Autonomic Research i editorial board [[17]]. We also determined the number of men and women in leadership positions for the following boards and societies: I Clinical Autonomic Research i editorial board (1991-2020), AAS board of directors (1992-2020), the EFAS council (1998-2020), and ISAN executive committee (1997-2019). Women were also underrepresented in leadership positions such as the ISAN executive committee, EFAS board, and Clinical Autonomic Research editorial board, although parity was recently achieved for the AAS board (c). Accordingly, the autonomic community, including the American Autonomic Society (AAS), the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) and the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience (ISAN), has made a huge impact on the lives of thousands of women. [Extracted from the article]

Susan Lynn Williams (1951–2018) was an exceptional marine ecologist whose research focused broadly on the ecology of benthic nearshore environments dominated by seagrasses, seaweeds, and coral reefs. She took an empirical approach founded in techniques of physiological ecology. Susan was committed to applying her research results to ocean management through outreach to decision-makers and resource managers. Susan's career included research throughout the USA in tropical, temperate, and polar regions, but she specialized in tropical marine ecology. Susan's scholarship, leadership, and friendship touched many people, leading to this multi-authored paper. Susan's scholarship was multi-faceted, and she excelled in scientific discovery, integration of scientific results, application of science for conservation, and teaching, especially as a mentor to undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. Susan served in a variety of leadership positions throughout her career. She embodied all facets of leadership; leading by example, listening to others, committing to the "long haul," maintaining trust, and creating a platform for all to shine. Susan was an important role model for women in science. Susan was also a loyal friend, maintaining friendships for many decades. Susan loved cooking and entertaining with friends. This paper provides an overview of the accomplishments of Susan in the broad categories of scholarship, leadership, and friendship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to address the gender gap in STEM has been widely debated. Among the ways to encourage females to pursue STEM careers are outreach programs offered by schools and universities. This manuscript reviews the implementation of a novel program, the Women in Science Experience (WISE), a STEM-focused residential summer camp for high school females, located on the campus of a small university in the USA. Upon the conclusion of WISE, participants were asked to respond to a series of open-ended questions about their perceptions of science and science careers. Using thematic analysis, responses were coded and organized. Three themes emerged from this analysis. Love of Science showed how WISE participants appreciate science. Aspirations for Success resulted from career and life interests. Impact of WISE demonstrated how students' experiences at WISE affected future goals. The findings from this article speak to ongoing debates about how to maintain interest in STEM fields by females in secondary and post-secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study mentorship in scientific collaborations, where a junior scientist is supported by potentially multiple senior collaborators, without them necessarily having formal supervisory roles. We identify 3 million mentor–protégé pairs and survey a random sample, verifying that their relationship involved some form of mentorship. We find that mentorship quality predicts the scientific impact of the papers written by protégés post mentorship without their mentors. We also find that increasing the proportion of female mentors is associated not only with a reduction in post-mentorship impact of female protégés, but also a reduction in the gain of female mentors. While current diversity policies encourage same-gender mentorships to retain women in academia, our findings raise the possibility that opposite-gender mentorship may actually increase the impact of women who pursue a scientific career. These findings add a new perspective to the policy debate on how to best elevate the status of women in science. Here, the authors study mentorship in scientific collaborations, and find that mentorship quality predicts the scientific impact of protégés post mentorship. Moreover, female protégés collaborating with male mentors become more impactful post mentorship than those who collaborate with female mentors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the number of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) continues to grow, men still represent a significant majority of those employed in these industries. Mentoring programs have been identified as a useful tool to alleviate this gap and therefore have been developed in an effort to attract and retain women in STEM. However, research suggests that women are still being mentored less often than their male colleagues. To understand this issue in depth, 36 women holding managerial positions in STEM organizations in the United States and Canada were interviewed and their experiences with mentoring were discussed. The results suggest that women do have access and indeed find potential mentors but they perceive significant barriers that prevent these initial meetings from developing into long-term mentoring relationships. Specifically, four Barriers to the Development of Mentorship (BDM) were identified including: Need for Fit, Demonstrating Capability, Commitment of the Mentor, and Trust in the Mentor. BDM might help researchers and practitioners understand why women are under-mentored and consequently underrepresented in STEM workplaces. Implications of these findings are discussed, such as how to improve formal mentoring programs to overcome BDM and better serve women in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

October 12th is Ada Lovelace Day. Every year on this day we celebrate the achievements of women in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM). Although we have made progress in terms of gender equality in STEM, hurdles are still faced and changes are still needed. We spoke to Professor Jacqueline Gottlieb, Dr Kirsty Bannister and Natahsa Pushkin about their journeys in STEM in what are still male-dominated disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the literature related to the underrepresentation of women in the scientific field to identify the factors that affect this underrepresentation worldwide. This literature review covers 470 papers—published in journals with the highest impact factor from 1985 to 2018—that address the factors that influence the access, participation, and progress of women in scientific careers. This literature review was based on the complete readings of the papers using thematic analysis. The factors that influence women's access, participation and progress in careers related to science and technology are a complex problem with multiple interdependent factors. In addition, these vary according to the stages of women's lives and cultural contexts. This paper proposes, based on the literature review, a comprehensive framework to explain the factors that influence the access, participation, and progress of women in science careers. The factors are grouped as follows: (a) individual, (b) family, (c) social, (d) educational, and (e) labor-economic. The proposed research is useful for researchers and policy makers because it introduces this phenomenon schematically and orderly identifies the gaps in past research studies, and evidences the need to conduct further research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher participation of women in higher education and research is a very important development goal in many countries across the world, with several countries creating special initiatives and schemes to increase participation of women in higher education and research. This article looks at a case study from India and aims to characterize the participation of women in research, by analysing the parameters of institution-type, discipline, citation impact and international collaboration. Research publication data from 50 most productive Indian institutions, along with data for 5 major institution systems, for a period of 10 years (2008–2017), as indexed in Web of Science, is obtained as sample data and analysed. Results obtained show that participation of women is found to vary in different disciplines, with biology (37%), agriculture science (32%), social science (31%) and medical science (32%) having relatively higher number of female 1st authored papers as compared to engineering (20%), information science (21%) and mathematics (22%). It is also observed that institutions specializing in medical sciences and social science have relatively better participation of women. In terms of location of institution in a big metropolitan city or an urban area, it was found that there do not exist any significant differentiation in levels of participation of women in research between institutions located in bigger cities or smaller towns. Further, analysis of citation and collaboration patterns show that though male authored papers have an edge in citation impact, women researchers get more internationally collaborated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite policy changes and targeted outreach, issues of underrepresentation persist for women and minorities in science fields. Previous research has explored extrinsic motivational factors for underrepresented groups in both formal educational settings. However, little research has investigated intrinsic motivation within informal educational experiences like active participation in free choice learning activities like a science-based hobby. Interviews were conducted with 17 astronomy hobbyists who self-identified as under-represented individuals (race, ethnicity and gender). Respondents' hobby experiences and motivational aspects emerged from analysis of the descriptive accounts provided by the interviews. Findings suggested there was a positive relationship between the degree of hobby participation and number of challenges presented in various phases of hobby growth. Additionally, disparities in sampled minorities' access to authentic Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) experiences served as a factor influencing their hobby motivation and subsequent development. Other factors that influenced minority engagement included differential participation in hobby clubs, lack of access to mentors, and the delay of active hobby participation until adulthood. Findings suggest science hobbies as an avenue to motivate underrepresented groups in science interests. This information may prove useful in guiding next steps regarding policy and research in the under-representation of women and minorities in STEM hobbies and STEM careers alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study described one more regulatory function of folic acid - the folate-dependent expansion of regulatory T cells in microbiome and subsequent amelioration of autoimmune uveitis [[16]]. Dear Editor, The importance of folic acid for the physiological course of almost all vital processes is undoubted [[1]]. Moreover, folic acid also up-regulated the population of IL10 + regulatory B cells isolated from lupus patients' PBMCs in vitro [[4]]. [Extracted from the article]

Background: In response to the landmark report "Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering," the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health issued a request for applications that funded 14 R01 grants to investigate causal factors to career success for women in STEM. Following completion of the 4-year grants, the grant PIs formed a grassroots collaborative, the Research Partnership on Women in Science Careers.Objective: To summarize the work of the Research Partnership, which resulted in over 100 publications.Methods: We developed six themes to organize the publications, with a "Best Practices" for each theme at the end of each section: Barriers to Career Advancement; Mentoring, Coaching, and Sponsorship; Career Flexibility and Work-Life Balance; Pathways to Leadership; Compensation Equity; and Advocating for Change and Stakeholder Engagement.Results: Women still contend with sexual harassment, stereotype threat, a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities, a lack of parity in compensation and resource allocation, and implicit bias. Strategies to address these barriers using the Bronfenbrenner ecological model at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, academic community, and policy levels include effective mentoring and coaching, having a strong publication record, addressing prescriptive gender norms, positive counter-stereotype imaging, career development training, networking, and external career programs such as the AAMC Early and Mid-Career Programs and Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM).Conclusions: Cultural transformation is needed to address the barriers to career advancement for women. Implementing the best practices noted of the work of the Research Partnership can help to achieve this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]