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In the last issue of the International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, two Israeli scholars outlined some new ideas concerning the ascendancy of militaristic nationalism in Israel. Their thesis suggests that Israel's national policies are shaped by strong militaristic tendencies, which are reinforced by a series of military victories and an ongoing flow of arms supply and advanced military technology from the U.S. Professors Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld's work is concerned with tracing the roots and origins of these militaristic nationalist tendencies. Their research question, however, is untypical; they do not directly look for the historical, economic and political circumstances, which facilitated the emergence of militaristic nationalism. Rather, they base their study on a counterfactual hypothesis. They argue that militarism and nationalism gained ascendancy over the potential socialist society that could have emerged in Israel. Another premise of Carmi and Rosenfeld is that pre-state Israel should be analyzed in class-conflict terms if one is to understand the issue related to nationalism.