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In the article, the author discusses the completion of American Foundry Society's (AFS) 116th Metal casting Congress in April 2012 in Columbus, Ohio. He says that the meeting discussed the latest in technological developments, research findings and best practices in the metal casting industry. He also focuses on the AFS's program having technical sessions and Casting Design & Purchasing sessions and shopfloor workshops.

The widespread availability of high spatial and temporal resolution public transit data is improving the measurement and analysis of public transit-based accessibility to crucial community resources such as jobs and health care. A common approach is leveraging transit route and schedule data published by transit agencies. However, this often results in accessibility overestimations due to endemic delays due to traffic and incidents in bus systems. Retrospective real-time accessibility measures calculated using real-time bus location data attempt to reduce overestimation by capturing the actual performance of the transit system. These measures also overestimate accessibility since they assume that riders had perfect information on systems operations as they occurred. In this paper, we introduce realizable real-time accessibility based on space–time prisms as a more conservative and realistic measure. We, moreover, define accessibility unreliability to measure overestimation of schedule-based and retrospective accessibility measures. Using high-resolution General Transit Feed Specification real-time data, we conduct a case study in the Central Ohio Transit Authority bus system in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Our results prove that realizable accessibility is the most conservative of the three accessibility measures. We also explore the spatial and temporal patterns in the unreliability of both traditional measures. These patterns are consistent with prior findings of the spatial and temporal patterns of bus delays and risk of missing transfers. Realizable accessibility is a more practical, conservative, and robust measure to guide transit planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) could change travel patterns of the population significantly and with the rapid improvements in AV technology, transportation planners should address AV impacts in regional plans and project evaluations for the mid-term and long-term horizons (10–15 years and beyond). There are multiple travel model components from demand generation to network assignments that need to be modified, updated, or added to fully capture the potential impacts of AVs on regional travel patterns. This paper describes how the features of AVs were incorporated in the regional Activity-Based travel demand Model developed for Columbus, OH, metropolitan region. The model modifications included multiple adjustments to the travel demand sub-models, network assignments, as well as an addition of a new sub-model for vehicle routing and parking that addresses such new phenomenon as empty AV relocation trips. Due to many factors of uncertainty associated with AVs, a scenario-based approach was adopted for evaluation of the potential impacts of AVs on the travel patterns. The emphasis of the scenario analysis was on multiple dimensions of travel behavior in addition to such aggregate regional measures as VMT, etc. The paper presents an analysis of potential impacts of AVs on accessibility measures, activity participation, tour formation, and mode choice. The scenario analysis applied to the Columbus region showed overall logical potential impacts of AVs with many insights useful for transportation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical food scholars have argued that activists' political ideologies and environmental values are important influences on their food justice projects. However, this body of work has given little attention to religion and spirituality even though religious studies scholars maintain that religious values affect environmental and social action. Bringing together these perspectives considers the way religious values and meaning making intersect with actions toward food justice outside of traditionally religious spaces. This paper draws on qualitative research, including a dozen interviews and 11 months of participant observation, at Franklinton Farms, a nonprofit urban farm in Columbus, Ohio. I demonstrate that Franklinton Farms team members reference diverse religious values and practices when explaining the meaning and significance of their farming. In addition, I argue that they renegotiate their religious values in light of the injustices they see in the food system. By examining religion and spirituality within a secular food space, this paper sheds light on an underexplored influence on whether and how alternative food spaces realize food justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in recent years, spatial data analysis has received considerable attention and played an important role in social science. Although many standard statistical techniques are attractive in traditional data analysis, they cannot be implemented uncritically for spatial data. Generally, most of the studies in spatial data analysis can be divided into two branches: the model-driven approach and the data-driven approach. The main aim of this paper is the comparison of both approaches. To carry out such a task, crime rate data in Columbus (Ohio), coming from a well-known database, have been used. The main aim of this paper is to illustrate how spatial effects can be viewed as spatial econometric models, which assess the limitations of standard techniques in a spatial context, suggesting alternative methods to deal with this problem. An application to the crime rate in Columbus (Ohio) has been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous developments in automotive technology brought about the reality of having an increasing number of autonomous vehicles (AV) on roadways soon. However, this advancement comes with the uncertainty of how the interaction between the autonomous and non-autonomous (non-AV) vehicles will play out. Using traffic simulators to model both AVs and non-AVs, and studying the effect of AVs on roadway mobility can help researchers in learning what to expect in real life. In this paper, an open-source simulator called Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) was used to develop AVs by modifying Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) car following and LC2013 lane changing models. Then, three actual roadways in Columbus, Ohio were modeled, and 40 simulations were run for each traffic network. The first set of simulations focused on the impacts that AVs have on vehicle roadway mobility with non-AVs when all the AVs have the same autonomy level. The second set of simulations had mixed AV autonomy levels (SAE Level 2, 3 and 4) with mixed AV and non-AV traffic. The analysis revealed that mobility of AVs and non-AVs increased generally as autonomy level increased. When the AV autonomy levels were mixed, the non-AVs experienced lower average speeds and decreased roadway mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important consideration in urban and regional planning is where to locate facilities providing services. Location models are typically used to support facility siting decisions. This paper develops general models that simultaneously addresses issues involving potential demand as a function of distance, coverage range, and partial regional service in facility siting. The developed models are general in that they can be utilized for siting both desirable and undesirable facilities. Application results are presented for a discrete linear model to locate park-and-ride facilities (desirable) and recycling facilities (undesirable) in Columbus, Ohio. The findings illustrate the flexibility and usefulness of the developed modeling approach for addressing a wide range of planning issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the impact of making the research paper longer to researchers in Columbus, Ohio. A study conducted by Krzysztof Stanek of the Ohio State University in Columbus reveals that these citations play a vital role in their research because the longer the paper, the more citations they received. In an analysis of 30,027 peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2004, the median number of citations increases with the length of the paper. Jörg Dietrich of the European Southern Observatory in Germany believes that longer paper are more useful because it contain more information.

The 2007 financial crisis profoundly affected most American metropolitan areas. Over the past 10 years, Columbus, Ohio, has experienced a housing downturn, recovery, and subsequent increases. This allows to investigate the response of housing market in different periods of the recession. Ordinary and geographically-weighted regression (GWR) models were developed to examine global and local built-environment effects on home-price appreciations for the three periods while controlling for other physical and socioeconomic variables. The results found that home buyers showed an unchanged preference for residential privacy and amenity and avoided those features that might attract negative external effects from a period to another. The home-price appreciation rates showed different spatial patterns across the study region in the three periods. Nevertheless, the results suggested that suburban areas, particularly those in northern Columbus, better resisted, recovered from, and adapted to the recession. In the wake of the recession, a smaller house was preferred by home buyers. GWR models also provided some interesting findings. In the downturn, accessibility to a park or library helped sustain home prices in the northwest. Bus stop density had a positive effect in eastern Columbus in the recovery, most likely due to the high fuel price at that time. Neighborhoods with a higher income better retained their home value in the downturn, especially those in southern Columbus. Finally, this study found that the recession hit harder on minority neighborhoods in all three periods. This finding suggests that housing policies should focus on these neighborhoods with other social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the United States, approximately 45% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) are ≥ 50 years of age. Many older PLHIV have multi-morbidities that complicate HIV infection and/or interfere with, or are exacerbated by, antiretroviral treatment. Physical health symptoms and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, can worsen life quality in older PLHIV.Methods: This study assessed associations among physical symptoms, indicators of HIV-related health status (i.e., time since diagnosis; ever diagnosed with AIDS; having attained viral suppression), depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older PLHIV. Regression analyses examined data from 296 PLHIV ≥ 50 years of age living in Cincinnati, OH, Columbus, OH, and New York City.Results: Depressive symptoms and physical symptoms, particularly those related to appearance and sexual functioning, most strongly predicted HRQoL. Indicators of HIV health status did not significantly predict HRQoL. Depressive symptoms were a particularly robust predictor of HRQoL, even when accounting for physical health symptoms.Conclusion: Findings suggest that symptom management is critical to HRQoL in older PLHIV, and symptoms related to physical appearance and sexual functioning should not be overlooked in this growing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of new homes defines the urban–rural fringe and determines many facets of the urban–rural interaction set in motion by construction of new homes in previously rural areas. Home, neighborhood and school district characteristics play a crucial role in determining the spatial location of new residential construction, which in turn defines the boundary and spatial extent of the urban–rural fringe. We develop and apply a spatial hedonic variant of the Blinder (J Hum Resour 8:436–455, ) and Oaxaca (Int Econ Rev 9:693–709, ) price decomposition to newer versus older home sales in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area during the year 2000. The preferences of buyers of newer homes are compared to those who purchased the nearest neighboring older home located in the same census block group, during the same year. Use of the nearest older home purchased in the same location represents a methodology to control for various neighborhood, social–economic-demographic and school district characteristics that influence home prices. Since newer homes reflect current preferences for home characteristics while older homes reflect past preferences for these characteristics, we use the price differentials between newer and older home sales in the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to assess the relative significance of various house characteristics to home buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between residential location, location value and accessibility has been of long interest to regional scientists. Studies investigating the relationship between house price and changes in accessibility, however, have been fewer in number, and predominantly have centered upon the house price impact of fixed rail investments. Neglected have been the impacts of smaller road investments made on a regular basis by municipalities and state departments of transportation. This research therefore reports on the spatial relationship between house price and investment in road-based transportation infrastructure by combining two spatial databases, both centered on Columbus, OH. The first contains information on all single-family detached houses sold in 1990. The second contains detailed spatial and temporal information on all accessibility-changing road investments in the same area, since 1978. Results indicate that while moderate, past, current and approved (but not begun) road investments have distinct and significant impacts on house price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little attention has been given to examining the relationship between males' sex roles and their attitudes and behaviors regarding contraceptive issues. The present study addresses this shortcoming by examining the relationships among husbands' sex-role preferences, perceptions of contraceptive responsibility, and hypothetical intentions regarding the possible adoption of a male birth control pill. Data are drawn from a mailed survey of 49 husbands during 1982 in Columbus, Ohio. Egalitarian sex-role preferences are moderately related to a greater stated likelihood of male pill usage for the sample as a whole and more strongly related for husbands not overly concerned with the chemical nature of a male pill. Modern sex-role preferences are also related to husbands' perception of contraception as a shared responsibility, although this perception is not related to the stated likelihood of male pill usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-one female and 61 male assistant professors, of whom 46% were involved in dual-career relationships, responded to a mail questionnaire that assessed (1) androgyny, (2) satisfaction at work, home, and in their personal life; (3) stress at work, home, and in their personal life. A 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the effects of relationship status, androgyny, and sex of subject. The results indicated that being androgynous was associated with increased work stress, but simultaneously increased personal satisfaction. A significant interaction between androgyny and relationship status demonstrated that androgynous dual-career persons reported highest personal satisfaction; androgynous nondual-career persons reported highest work satisfaction. Dual-career status increased personal and work stress, as well as relationship satisfaction. The importance of considering each person's specific life situation when evaluating androgyny as a positive or negative attribute is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]