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Abstract Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) has already caused durable regression in a variety of cancer types due to T-cell persistence, clinical activity, and duration of objective response and safety. TILs are composed of polyclonal effector T-cells specific to heterogenetic tumor antigens, reasonably providing a promising means for tumor therapy. In addition, their expansion in vitro can release them from the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Even though significant advances have been made in the procedure of TIL therapy, from TIL isolation, modification, expansion, and infusion back to the patient to target the tumor, strategy optimization is always ongoing to overcome drawbacks such as a complex process, options for the lineage differentiation status of TILs, and sufficient trafficking of TILs to the tumor. In this review, we summarize the current advances of TIL therapy, raise problem-based optimization strategies, and provide future perspectives on next-generation TIL therapy as a potential avenue for enhancing cell-based immunotherapy.

Abstract Objective To investigate pantothenate kinases 1 (PANK1) expression in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) tissues, analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis, and explore its impact on invasion, migration, and apoptosis in KIRC cells. Methods GEPIA (gene expression profiling interactive analysis), UALCAN and LinkedOmics, were employed to analyze PANK1 expression in KIRC tissues and its correlation with clinical characteristics. Comparative analyses were performed between KIRC (Caki-1 and 786-O) and noncancerous renal cells (HK-2 and RPTEC). Transfection with PANK1 activation particles was conducted, followed by Wound healing, Transwell assay, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) staining, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting. Results PANK1 was down-regulated in KIRC tissues and cells compared to normal tissues and noncancerous cells. Correlation analyses linked PANK1 expression with clinicopathological features in KIRC, with high PANK1 expression associated with a favorable outcome. High PANK1 expression correlated positively with E-cadherin (CDH1), tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), caspase-8 (CASP8), and CASP9, while showing a negative correlation with vimentin (VIM), snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAIL1), twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), and TWIST2. PANK1 overexpression increased CDH1, TJP1, FAS, CASP8, and CASP9 while downregulating SNAIL1, VIM, TWIST1, and TWIST2, inhibiting invasion and migration, and promoting apoptosis in KIRC cells. Conclusion PANK1 down-regulation in KIRC tissues correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Its overexpression modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene, inhibited invasion, promoted apoptosis in KIRC cells, highlighting its role in disease progression and therapeutic potential.

Abstract Objectives The concurrent impact of COVID-19 and influenza on disease burden is a topic of great concern. This discussion delves into the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza activity in Shanghai within the context of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Methods From 2017 to 2023, a total of 11,081 patients having influenza-like illness (ILI) were included in this study for influenza virus detection. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were conducted according to standardised protocols to identify the types and subtypes of influenza viruses. The positivity rate of the influenza virus among the sampled ILI cases served as a surrogate measure for estimating various influenza seasonal characteristics, such as periodicity, duration, peak occurrences, and the prevalent subtypes or lineages. Epidemiological aspects across different years and age groups were subjected to comprehensive analysis. For categorical variables, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was employed, as deemed appropriate. Results A total of 1553 (14.0%) tested positive for influenza virus pathogens. The highest positivity rate for influenza was observed in adults aged 25–59 years (18.8%), while the lowest rate was recorded in children under 5 years (3.8%). The influenza circulation patterns in Shanghai were characterised: (1) 2 years exhibited semiannual periodicity (2017–2018, 2022–2023); (2) 3 years displayed annual periodicity (2018–2019, 2019–2020, and 2021–2022); and (3) during 2020–2021, epidemic periodicities of seasonal influenza viruses disappeared. In terms of influenza subtypes, four subtypes were identified during 2017–2018. In 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B/Victoria were circulating. Notably, one case of B/Victoria was detected in 2020–2021. The epidemic period of 2021–2022 was attributed to B/Victoria, and during 2022–2023, the influenza A virus was the dominant circulating strain. Conclusions The seasonal epidemic period and the predominant subtype/lineage of influenza viruses around the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic period in Shanghai city are complex. This underscores the necessity for vigilant influenza control strategies amidst the backdrop of other respiratory virus pandemics.

Abstract Hair loss is a common skin disease that causes intense emotional suffering. Hair regeneration in a personalized area is highly desirable for patients with different balding conditions. However, the existing pharmaceutical treatments have difficulty precisely regenerating hair in a desired area. Here, we show a method to precisely control the hair regeneration using customized microneedle arrays (MNAs). The MNA with a customized shape is fast fabricated by a static optical projection lithography process in seconds, which is a 3D printing technology developed by our group. In the mouse model, MNA treatment could induce hair regrowth in a defined area corresponding to the customized shape of MNA. And the regenerated hair promoted by MNAs had improved quality. Cellular and molecular analysis indicated that MNA treatment could recruit macrophages in situ and then initiate the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells, thereby improving hair regeneration. Meanwhile, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed in hair follicles. The expressions of Hgf, Igf 1 and Tnf-α were also upregulated in the treated skin, which may also be beneficial for the MNA-induced hair regeneration. This study provides a strategy to precisely control hair regeneration using customized microneedle arrays by recruiting macrophages in situ, which holds the promise for the personalized treatment of hair loss.

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although remarkable advances have been made in the study of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the efficacy of current treatment strategies is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, developing novel and reliable targets is desperately needed for glioma patients. Pyroptosis reshapes tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and promotes the destruction of the tumor by the immune system. Moreover, pyroptosis levels correlate with prognosis and immunotherapy response in many cancer patients. This study performed a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis in the glioma, unveiling its potential value in glioma prognosis prediction and therapy efficacy. Methods Firstly, the pyroptosis regulation patterns were comprehensively evaluated on 33 pyroptosis-related genes in 1716 glioma samples. The correlations were analyzed between pyroptosis regulation patterns and TME immune cell infiltration properties. Next, pyroptosis regulation patterns were measured by the PSscore model based on principal component analysis algorithms. The correlations were analyzed between PSscore and tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic advantages. Last, the findings were validated in an independently collected external clinical cohort. Results We determined two distinct pyroptosis regulation patterns. The cluster-A was high immune cell infiltration with a poor prognosis (p

Abstract A growing number of studies have shown that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks might play important roles during the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assessed the role of the ceRNA network in immune cell infiltration in HCC. Immune-related gene sets were downloaded from Molecular Signatures Database, and differentially expressed genes were screened based on TCGA HCC transcriptome data. The corresponding miRNAs with low expression and good prognostic implications, and the corresponding lncRNAs with high expression and poor prognostic were identified to construct ceRNA networks. The networks were utilized for clinical correlation analysis and risk model construction, and the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to assess immune cell infiltration. In this study, the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA model was used to construct a ceRNA network in HCC using immune-related differentially expressed mRNAs. Assessment of the MIR4435-2HG/hsa-miR-1-3p/MMP9/hsa-miR-29-3p/DUXAP8 ceRNA network axis in HCC showed that a high risk/poor prognosis was significantly correlated with tumor stage and invasion depth. MMP9 was positively correlated with resting M0 macrophages and NK cells and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, resting mast cells, monocytes and activated NK cells. DUXAP8 was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with MIR4435-2HG, which was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, CD8 T cells and follicular helper T cells. The correlation of the MIR4435-2HG/hsa-miR-1-3p/MMP9/hsa-miR-29-3p/DUXAP8 ceRNA network axis with immune cell infiltration provides further information on the mechanism of HCC development. The result might improve our understanding the interactions between immune related genes and non-coding RNAs in the occurrence and development of HCC, and the relevant RNAs might be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets in HCC patients.

In present study a cylindrical module is studied based on air gap membrane distillation configuration and studied for desalination purpose. A complete theoretical model was developed with consideration of design and operating parameters that enabled a Cylindrical Air Gap Membrane Distillation (CAGMD) module specific performance analysis. Theoretical model was verified with the literature as well as with the experimental results carried out on a lab scale CAGMD module. The effect of support nets which supports the membrane on the air gap side is also discussed on the performance. Support nets made up of four different thermal conductivities material- copper, aluminum, brass and polypropylene (PP) are considered for this study. The effect of feed temperature and flow rate, air gap width, cold flow rate, effect of thermal conductivities of support nets and height of the module was studied on the performance of CAGMD module. Permeate flux, Specific Thermal Energy Consumption (STEC) and the Gained output ratio (GOR) was selected as the performance indicators and the results for all the resulted parameters obtained from experimental and theoretical model falls in good agreement with only 6% deviation, that suggests that the proposed model is best suitable for predicting the behavior of any cylindrical AGMD module with great effectiveness. It is suggested that for better performance of the system feed flow rate, temperature and cold flow rate should be maintained at higher level. Maximum permeate flux achieved from the CAGMD module is 9.22 kg/m 2 h., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Does negative affect help or hinder voice behavior? Research is increasingly highlighting the more complex effects of negative affect and we propose that its relationship with voice is similarly multifaceted. Drawing from activation theory, this paper argues that the relationship between negative affect and voice behavior is an inverted U-shape. Three studies are designed to test our hypotheses. At the between-person level, Studies 1 and 3 use employee-supervisor matched dyads (N = 209; N = 150; respectively) at two different time points. Study 2 collects 217 daily data points from 58 participants and tests the inverted U-shaped hypothesis at the within-person level. Findings from these studies provide support for our hypotheses that voice behavior is highest when employees experience moderate-level negative affect but that extremely high and low levels of negative affect hinder voice behavior. In study 3 we also found that the inverted U-shaped relationship between negative affect and voice behavior is only prominent when the need for change is higher. Our findings have implications in revealing the complex nature of negative affect in determining voice behavior., Author(s): Long Chen [sup.1] , Kerrie Unsworth [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.3] , Zhen-Duo Zhang [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01wd4xt90, grid.257065.3, 0000 0004 1760 3465, Business School, Hohai University, , [...]

Discipline-focused and dominance-focused authoritarian leadership are two different types of authoritarian leadership. While the detrimental effects of authoritarian leadership on employees' organizational-focused voice have been established in the literature, we have yet to understand the relationships between different types of authoritarian leadership and employees' self-interested voice. Drawing on uncertainty management theory, this research argues that discipline-focused authoritarian leadership will be negatively related to employees' self-interested voice via decreased work alienation, whereas dominance-focused authoritarian leadership will be positively related to employees' self-interested voice via increased work alienation. We also predict that employees' perceived overqualification will moderate the relations between different types of authoritarian leadership and work alienation. We collected two-wave data from 495 employees and their direct supervisors. Our findings suggest that work alienation mediated the negative relationship between discipline-focused authoritarian leadership and self-interested voice. In contrast, work alienation mediated the positive relationship between dominance-focused authoritarian leadership and self-interested voice. Additionally, the positive relationship between dominance-focused authoritarian leadership and work alienation was enhanced for employees high in perceived overqualification. Our findings suggest managers display more discipline-focused authoritarian leadership than dominance-focused authoritarian leadership to reduce employees' work deviation and self-interested voice., Author(s): Ming Lou [sup.1] , Honglei Zhao [sup.1] , Chao Ma [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01yqg2h08, grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute [...]

This paper investigates the impact of two different types of authoritarian leadership on employee creativity and the role of specific events in this mechanism. Our study used qualitative research methods and a grounded theory approach, collecting data from interviews and archives. Transcripts of eight interviews and seven archival files were selected to generate the results. We found that authoritarian leadership exhibits two seemingly contradictory components, dominance-focused authoritarian leadership and discipline-focused authoritarian leadership, which influence creativity via a negative path and a positive path, respectively. The influence mechanism consists of two stages: the stage of needs perception and the stage of coping strategy. Also, drawing on event system theory, we elicited a new notion of 'enabling event,' and argued the synergistic mechanism of authoritarian leadership and the energizing event criticality on employee creativity. Our research extends understanding of the effect of authoritarian leadership on employee creativity and highlights the value of an event-oriented theory-building approach to investigating dynamic organizational phenomena., Author(s): Honglei Zhao [sup.1] , Qingming Su [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] , Jie Zhong [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01yqg2h08, grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute [...]

School climates foster cooperation or competition among students. In socially competitive school climate, adolescents compete for valuable social resources such as attention and status. Competition is an advantageous way to gain dominance and resources, which may also promote moral disengagement and bullying behaviors. The current study examined whether moral disengagement mediated the link between perceived social competition at school and bullying perpetration among early adolescents, while also considering gender differences. A large sample of Chinese students (N = 1528) from grades 7 to 9 in three middle schools completed questionnaires regarding perceived social competition, school bullying, and moral disengagement. Results showed that: (1) perceived social competition and bullying perpetration were significantly higher for boys than for girls; (2) perceived social competition was positively related to school bullying; (3) moral disengagement partially mediated the association between early adolescents' perceived social competition and school bullying; (4) the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationship between perceived social competition and school bullying was significant for girls only. Overall, when adolescents are embedded in school climates that emphasize competing for attention and popularity, they are also more likely to engage in bullying behaviors. Girls may adapt to socially competitive climate by altering their social cognition to be more accepting of such forms of aggression., Author(s): Sijia Wang [sup.1] [sup.4] , Laura Lambe [sup.2] , Yan Huang [sup.1] , Xudong Liu [sup.3] , Wendy Craig [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/021cj6z65, [...]

Ecological quality assessment serves as a valuable tool for impartially measuring the effects of development and utilization activities on ecosystems, forming the bedrock of ecological governance. The ecological quality evaluation method, relying on a reference frame, takes into consideration the comparability of ecological quality, thus guaranteeing the presence of external benchmarks for the assessment results. However, present research on absolute assessment of ecological quality is limited, as the majority of existing studies focus on large-scale regions, and overlooking regional differences in smaller-scale regions to a certain extent. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive, convenient, objective, and accurate ecological quality evaluation, this study established a model for regional ecological quality assessment through remote sensing. This model was based on the analysis of natural evolutionary features and was applied to assess the ecological quality in the largest ecosystem within the arid area of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR) - the grassland ecosystem. For this assessment, the Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), the wetness components of tasseled cap transformations (WET), and net primary productivity (NPP) were selected as indicators of soil and water conservation capacity, water source conservation capacity, and carbon sequestration capacity, respectively. The evaluation units were established according to the geomorphic types, and the improved derivative dynamic time warping (DDTW) algorithm was used to compare the conformity between the time series of evaluation units and natural evolution time series, pixel by pixel. The ecological quality was classified into five levels (levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) using the natural breaks (Jenks) classification method. The Mann-Kendall trend test and the Sen's slope are used to analyze the trend of the conformity measurement results of the ecological quality each year at a significance level of 95%. The main results are as follows: (1) The indicators selected in the study are mostly independent of each other within each evaluation unit, with a correlation (0.552) observed only between MSAVI and WET in plain areas. (2) Spatial heterogeneity exists in the natural evolution characteristics, with significant variations in the similarity between the reference frames of different evaluation units. There is no strict rule linking the similarity results to the elevation of the terrain. (3) From the perspective of the evolutionary process and intensity, the soil and water conservation capacity, water source conservation capacity, and carbon sequestration capacity in the study area primarily fell within level 2. The advantageous level of each evaluation unit was also primarily at level 2. The overall trend of these three capacities demonstrated stability and remained constant. In summary, our assessment indicated that the overall quality of grassland ecosystems in the arid areas of the NHAR was relatively stable and superior. This method we employed has broad applicability and can serve as a general framework for ecological quality assessments. It can be adapted for ecological restoration assessments in other regions by fine-tuning regional parameters, offering valuable insights for regional ecological management., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical approval Not applicable. Consent to participate All authors of this paper consent to participate. Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Microplastics and nanoplastics are widely present in aquatic environments and attract significant scholarly attention due to their toxicity, persistence, and ability to cross biological barriers, which pose substantial risks to various fish species. Microplastics and nanoplastics can enter fish through their digestive tract, gills and skin, causing oxidative damage to the body and adversely affecting their reproductive system. Given that fish constitute a crucial source of high-quality protein for humans, it is necessary to study the impact of microplastics on fish reproduction in order to assess the impact of pollutants on ecology, biodiversity conservation, environmental sustainability, and endocrine disruption. This review explores the reproductive consequences of microplastics and nanoplastics in fish, examining aspects such as fecundity, abnormal offspring, circadian rhythm, gonad index, spermatocyte development, oocyte development, sperm quality, ovarian development, and changes at the molecular and cellular level. These investigations hold significant importance in environmental toxicology., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This systematic review examined literature on mental health outcomes among women with disabilities living in high-income countries within the context of reproductive health, spanning menstruation through menopause., Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for studies published through June 2023. Eligible studies were observational, quantitative, and included a comparison group without disabilities., Results: A total of 2,520 studies were evaluated and 27 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies assessed mental health during prepregnancy, pregnancy, postpartum, and parenting among women with and without disabilities. None of the studies examined reproductive health time periods related to menstruation, fertility, or menopause. Women of reproductive age with disabilities were more likely to have poor mental health outcomes compared to women without disabilities. During pregnancy and the postpartum, women with disabilities were at greater risk of diagnosed perinatal mental disorders and psychiatric-related healthcare visits. Findings also suggested mental distress and inadequate emotional and social support related to parenting among women with disabilities. The greatest risks of poor mental health outcomes were often observed among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and among women with multiple types of disabilities, compared to women without disabilities., Conclusions: Routine reproductive healthcare visits provide significant prevention and treatment opportunities for poor mental health among women with disabilities. Further research examining mental health outcomes within the context of reproductive health, especially understudied areas of menstruation, fertility, parenting, and menopause, among women with disabilities is needed., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The chloroplast genomes of five Fritillaria ussuriensis materials from different production areas were comparatively analyzed, atpF and petB were screened as specific DNA barcodes, and the population identification and genetic diversity of F. ussuriensis were analyzed based on them. The F. ussuriensis chloroplast genome showed a total length of 151 515-151 548 bp with a typical tetrad structure and encoded 130 genes. atpF and petB were used to amplify 183 samples from 13 populations, and they could identify 6 and 9 haplotypes, respectively. Joint analysis of the two sequences revealed 18 haplotypes, named H1-H18, with the most widely distributed and most abundant being H4. Ten haplotypes were unique for 7 populations that they could be used to distinguish from others. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.99 and 2.09 × 10 -3 , respectively, indicating the genetic diversity was relatively rich. The results of the intermediary adjacency network showed that H5 was the oldest haplotype, and stellate radiation was centered around it, indicating that population expansion occurred in genuine production areas. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the population identification, genetic evolution, and breed selection of F. ussuriensis., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences.)

This study explores the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation and determines the mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of perceived school climate. 855 (N.sub.boy = 417, N.sub.girl = 438; M.sub.age=13.18, SD = .78) students in this study from grade 7 to grade 9 completed questionnaires of the mentioned study variables. The results indicated that bullying victimization positively predicted adolescents' suicidal ideation. Psychological suzhi partially mediated the effect of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation. However, for adolescents with higher levels of perceived school climate, bullying victimization was correlated more strongly with suicidal ideation and weaker with psychological suzhi. Results meant that the more frequent and more severe the bullying, the higher the likelihood of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Psychological suzhi may act as a potential mechanism through which bullying victimization leads to suicidal ideation, nevertheless, perceived school climate not only buffered bullying victimization's effects on suicidal ideation, but also protected psychological suzhi from the negative influence of bullying., Author(s): Gege Cao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jingxin Deng [sup.1] [sup.2] , Huazhan Yin [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411427.5, 0000 0001 0089 3695, Cognition and [...]

Contrasted to most leadership research which treated followers either as non-existent or as passive entities, follower moqi enriches followership literature by stressing followers' active role in co-creating leadership and outcomes with leaders. Given the effectiveness of follower moqi in the leadership process, we integrated social information processing theory to explore its antecedents and outcomes. Specifically, we hypothesized that leader humility is positively related to follower moqi; follower moqi, in turn, decreases knowledge hiding; this mechanism of follower moqi is moderated by follower humility so that leader humility increases more follower moqi with higher follower humility. Our results supported our hypotheses in a muti-wave time-lagged study of 315 leader-follower dyads. Overall, our research highlights that leader humility has a stronger effect on follower moqi under the context of higher follower humility. In addition, follower moqi in turn decreases knowledge hiding. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are presented and discussed., Author(s): Jie Zhong [sup.1] , Li Zhang [sup.1] , Huan Xiao [sup.1] , Qiuxiang Wen [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute of [...]

Microplastics, an emerging contaminant, are widespread in oceans around the world, and rivers are the key conveyors of these pollutants into the oceans. There exists a dearth of available data pertaining to seasonal fluctuation, spatial distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in rivers extending from upper reaches to the lower reaches. The collection of such data is of utmost importance for the purpose of formulating beneficial management strategies for riverine microplastics. In order to bridge this research gap, an investigation was made in the Periyar River in Kerala, India, which is exposed to anthropogenic stress and is at risk of microplastic pollution. A total of eighteen sites (six sites each from downstream, midstream and upstream) along the 244 km of the river were investigated across three seasons in a year. The study revealed a discernible pattern in the spatial distribution of microplastic concentrations, wherein there was a rise in abundance from the upstream to midstream and then a sudden increase of abundance along the downstream regions towards the lower reaches. The highest mean microplastic abundance of 124.95 items/L was obtained during the monsoon season followed by post-monsoon season i.e. 123.21 items/L and pre-monsoon i.e. 120.50 items/L. The predominant forms of microplastics were found to be fibres, fragments and filaments. Most prevalent polymer types acquired were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Pollution hazard index (PHI) and pollution load index (PLI) were also evaluated to assess the water quality of this river. The findings of this study conclude that the Periyar River is polluted with microplastics throughout its course and offer significant insights into the detection of microplastic origins in river systems and lend support to the implementation of potential measures aimed at mitigating their impact., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Current research of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) faces difficulty such as overuse of organic solvents and quenching of excited triplet sensitizers by molecular oxygen. Herein, we propose an efficient and facile preparation strategy of TTA-UC microemulsion to overcome these issues. With simple device and short preparation process, air-stable TTA-UC with a high upconversion efficiency of 16.52% was achieved in microemulsion coassembled from TritonX114, tetrahydrofuran and upconverting chromophores (platinum octaethyl-porphyrin and 9,10-diphenylanthracene). This is comparable to the highest UC efficiency ever reported for TTA-UC microemulsion systems. The excellent UC performance of TX114-THF could be attributed to two perspectives. Firstly, small-size micelle accommodated chromophores up to high concentrations in organic phase, which promoted efficient molecular collision. Additionally, high absorbance at 532 nm ensured full use of excitation light, getting more long wavelength photons involved in the TTA-UC process. Moreover, air-stable TTA-UC also performed well in microemulsion with various surfactants, including nonionic surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-110, Triton X-114), ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) and block copolymers (pluronic F127, pluronic P123), through three conjectural assembly models according to the structural characteristics of surfactant molecules (concentrated, uncompacted and scattered). These discoveries could provide estimable reference for selection of surfactants in relevant fields of TTA-UC., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.)

This study explored the impact of academic stress on sleep quality among Chinese adolescents, examined the mediation role of negative affect and the moderating effect of peer relationships. In total, 858 students in this study from grade 7 to grade 12 completed questionnaires of sleep quality, academic stress, negative affect, and peer relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothetical model. The results indicated that, academic stress negatively predicts the sleep quality, and the negative affect partially mediated the relationship of them. In addition, the effect of academic stress on negative affect was moderated by peer relationships. The results mean that adolescents with more academic stress may have worse sleep quality, negative affect may act as a potential link from academic stress to sleep quality. Moreover, the effect of academic stress on negative affect is moderated by peer relationships. It means that higher levels of peer relationships helped reduce negative affect caused by academic stress and allow them to sleep better., Author(s): Jingxin Deng [sup.1] [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Gege Cao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Huazhan Yin [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411427.5, 0000 0001 0089 3695, Cognition and [...]

Mobile social platforms have become a valuable information source by which users gain information about the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about whether users have experienced increased daily fatigue as a result of the disruptions caused by pandemic. Drawing on the cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS), this study proposed that two typical characteristics of social media platforms (SMP), information quality and media richness, are associated with event disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic (EDC), and then induce social media fatigue. To address this, this study used the experience sampling method (ESM), collecting 550 matched cases from 110 users of the WeChat application in mainland China over five consecutive days. Through multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM), this study discovered three main findings: (1) daily information quality is negatively related to event disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn decreases daily social media fatigue; (2) daily media richness is positively associated with such event disruptions, which ultimately increases daily social media fatigue; (3) these effects were stronger for users who reported higher (vs. lower) levels of health consciousness. The implications of these results for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond are discussed., Author(s): Huan Xiao [sup.1] , Zhenduo Zhang [sup.2] , Li Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, , 13 Fayuan [...]

Objective Endogenous adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine (HA) are known to be important in bronchial contraction, but their clinical relevance to asthma is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify endogenous AMP, ACh, and HA in induced sputum samples and explore their relationships with asthma control and exacerbations. Methods 20 healthy subjects and 112 asthmatics underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction, and blood sampling. The level of asthma control was determined by the asthma control test (ACT) questionnaire. Asthma exacerbation was evaluated according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. Levels of AMP, ACh, and HA in sputum were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. IL-[beta], IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-[alpha], IFN-[gamma], and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) were also measured. Results Compared to healthy controls, asthmatics had higher levels of HA, lower levels of ACh, and similar levels of AMP in induced sputum samples. Compared to controlled asthma (n = 54), uncontrolled asthma (n = 58) showed higher AMP levels (P = 0.002), but similar HA and ACh levels. AMP was negatively correlated with ACT scores (r = - 0.348) and asthma quality of life questionnaire scores (r = - 0.188) and positively correlated with blood monocytes percentage (r = 0.195), sputum MDC (r = 0.214), and IL-6 levels (r = 0.196). Furthermore, AMP was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations in the preceding year. Conclusion Endogenous AMP, but not ACh or HA, was associated with asthma control, quality of life, and exacerbations in the previous year, which indicates that AMP could be a clinically useful biomarker of asthma., Author(s): Xue Mei Fang [sup.1] [sup.2], Ying Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Ji Wang [sup.1] [sup.2], Xin Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Lei Wang [sup.2] [sup.3], Li Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Hong [...]

Each dietary analysis method has its own strengths and limitations and provides different perspectives for understanding the trophic biology of aquatic organisms. In this study, we used an integrative, multi-tool approach to comprehensively investigate the dietary differences of eight nominally herbivorous fishes from five feeding guilds in the Nansha Islands (N: 8°51'10°57', E: 112°50'115°35') of the South China Sea. The methods used in this study included 18S rDNA metabarcoding, standard gut content analysis, and stable isotope analysis. DNA metabarcoding revealed diverse algae categories (Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta) in the gut contents of sampled fishes with high taxonomic resolution, and some microscopic and cryptic taxa, such as dinoflagellates and microinvertebrates, were precisely identified. The overlap of 95% prediction isotopic niche remained below 30% between different feeding guilds, and nearly 70% of the 107 genera detected in the gut contents were not shared by two or more fish species or feeding guilds. By combining stable isotope analysis and morphological identification with gut content metabarcoding, we found that the dietary overlap detected by metabarcodng between Ctenochaetus striatus and other fishes may be due to interference from debris of algae or other organisms. While each method has its own limitations in dietary analysis, our study suggests that an integrative, multi-tool approach can remedy the limitations of one method by utilizing the strengths of another. Our results indicate that a wide spectrum of resources on coral reefs could be utilized by different fish species in a complementary manner., Author(s): Xianzhi Lin [sup.1] , Simin Hu [sup.1] , Yanyan Zhou [sup.1] , Hui Huang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Li Zhang [sup.1] , Sheng Liu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9227.e, [...]

The purpose of this paper is to explore why impulsive buying happens under emergency and crisis situations, such as that of COVID-19. Drawing on the cognitive-affective personality system theory (CAPS), we tested the dynamic influence of daily perceived uncertainty on COVID-19 on daily impulsive buying via daily information overload and daily information anxiety in a two-wave experience sampling method (ESM) design. Through a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) analysis, we found that the daily perceived uncertainty on COVID-19 affected daily information overload, which in turn stimulated daily information anxiety, ultimately determining the daily impulsive buying. Namely, daily information overload and daily information anxiety played a complete chain-mediating role between the daily perceived uncertainty on COVID-19 and daily impulsive buying. The present paper is the first to uncover the important dynamic effect of the perceived uncertainty on COVID-19 on impulsive buying with diary data. Specific implications of these findings are discussed., Author(s): Huan Xiao [sup.1] , Zhenduo Zhang [sup.1] , Li Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) School of Management, Harbin Institution of Technology, , 13 Fayuan Street, Nangang District, 150001, Harbin, [...]