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Abstract Renewable materials and material circularity are key priorities for the coming decades. While paper is the most utilized material in the packaging sector, its applications in food packaging are limited due to low barrier properties. Coating it with petroleum-based polymer barrier coatings renders it unrecyclable both mechanically and biologically. Bio-coated paper packaging, made from agricultural waste or by-products, presents environmentally favorable solutions that can benefit the biological cycle of the circular economy. The main objective of this study is to assess the applicability of grain and beer production by-products in wood pulp food packaging materials. It examines the effects of different grain by-products (industrial wheat grain processing residues and wheat bran) particles and concentrations (15 wt% and 40 wt%), as well as the impact of brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at a concentration of 10 wt%, on the physical–mechanical and barrier properties of Northern bleached softwood kraft (NBSK) and chemithermomechanical (CTMP) pulps. Material composites were fabricated using a standard sheet forming method. Physical–mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile strength, strain at break, tear resistance, and bending stiffness tests. Barrier-related properties were analyzed through roughness, air permeance, and water contact angle tests. Results revealed that the vast majority of physical–mechanical properties decreased with the increase of both types of grain production fillers. Industrial wheat grain processing residues had a lower impact on physical–mechanical properties than wheat bran filler. A higher percentage of property decrease was absorbed in NBSK pulp than in CTMP. Roughness of CTMP can be improved by adding both industrial wheat grain processing residues and wheat bran. Wheat bran particles can increase hydrophobicity. CTMP pulp strength properties can be increased with the addition of yeast; however, the yeast additive’s effect on air permeance demonstrated a negative impact. In the case of NBSK pulp, which has higher primary strength properties, the addition of yeast does not make any significant changes. The conducted experiments demonstrated that, overall, the addition of these fillers resulted in a decline in physical–mechanical properties such as tensile strength, strain at break, tear resistance, and bending stiffness. This decline was more pronounced with higher concentrations of fillers. In the case of CTMP pulp, both types of fillers exhibited similar trends in affecting properties, whereas for NBSK pulp, wheat bran had a more significant impact compared to wheat grain processing residues. The addition of yeast generally led to a reduction in physical–mechanical properties, particularly in tensile strength and tear resistance. However, samples containing yeast displayed increased flexibility compared to controls. The influence on barrier properties varied: while yeast increased air permeability, it also enhanced surface hydrophobicity, thereby reducing the paper’s receptivity to liquids.

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) are an exciting breakthrough in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence (AI), offering unparalleled potential in a variety of application domains such as finance, business, healthcare, cybersecurity, and so on. However, concerns regarding their trustworthiness and ethical implications have become increasingly prominent as these models are considered black-box and continue to progress. This position paper explores the potentiality of LLM from diverse perspectives as well as the associated risk factors with awareness. Towards this, we highlight not only the technical challenges but also the ethical implications and societal impacts associated with LLM deployment emphasizing fairness, transparency, explainability, trust and accountability. We conclude this paper by summarizing potential research scopes with direction. Overall, the purpose of this position paper is to contribute to the ongoing discussion of LLM potentiality and awareness from the perspective of trustworthiness and responsibility in AI.

Abstract Autistic individuals often experience a wide range of barriers and challenges with employment across their lifetime. Despite their strengths and abilities to contribute to the workforce, many individuals experience unemployment, underemployment and malemployment. However, current supports and services are often inadequate to meet their needs. To allow autistic people to achieve vocational success, we explore four contributors to employment and expand upon the issues and potential solutions to each. These positions include the importance of family support and its consideration in the application of vocational support interventions, addressing transitional needs for autistic youth, building employer capacity, and conducting research that advises the development of meaningful programs and policies. By advocating for these positions, we aim to foster greater inclusivity and support for individuals with ASD in the workplace.

Abstract Students often recruit digital devices to complete their classroom activities. To determine best practices for the classroom, the present study explored the use of tablets relative to laptops and paper in the understudied context of brief, in-person, small group academic tasks. One-hundred twenty small groups of two to three undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one device (paper, laptop, or tablet) and one set-up (a single shared device or multiple individual devices) in a 3 × 2 between-subjects design. Data were collected in 2019 –2021. Students completed one group task that culminated in a knowledge quiz and a second group task that culminated in writing their own quiz together. They then individually rated group members as well as reported their perceptions of satisfaction, effort, and difficulty. Open-ended questions further assessed their perceptions of technology and the three devices in question. Results showed equivalency in group outcomes and individual perceptions across devices and set-ups, with very few exceptions. Quantitative and qualitative data supported that students found advantages and drawbacks to each device and believed that all were effective tools in such a context. Educators must consider the affordances of different technologies when encouraging their use in the classroom but should be open to students using their device of choice for groupwork.

Research on the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) can contribute to the study of psychotic risk. The Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-Extended (LSHS-E) is one of the most widely used tools for research in HLEs, but the correspondence of its paper and online formats has not been established yet. Therefore, we studied the factorial structure and measurement invariance between online and paper-and-pencil versions of LSHS-E in a Chilean population. Two thousand eighty-six completed the online version, and 578 students completed the original paper-and-pencil version. After matching by sex, age, civil status, alcohol and cannabis consumption, and psychiatric treatment received, we selected 543 students from each group. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model and a hierarchical model that included a general predisposition to hallucination, explaining the strong relationship between the different types of hallucinations. Both models showed a good fit to the data and were invariant between paper-and-pencil and online versions. Also, the LSHS-E has good reliability in both online and paper-and-pencil formats. This study shows that the online LSHS-E possesses psychometric properties equivalent to the paper-and-pencil version. It should be considered a valuable tool for research of psychosis determinants in the COVID-19 era., Author(s): Yanet Quijada [sup.1] , Sandra Saldivia [sup.2] , Claudio Bustos [sup.2] , Antonio Preti [sup.3] , Susana Ochoa [sup.4] , Elvis Castro-Alzate [sup.2] [sup.5] , Sara Siddi [sup.4] Author [...]

Author(s): Quassim Cassam [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7372.1, 0000 0000 8809 1613, University of Warwick, , Coventry, UK Watching news coverage of scores of Afghan civilians running alongside an American [...]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of mLearning or mobile device practice on the attention and accuracy of student's use of math concepts, specifically, telling time. A single subject, alternating treatment design was used to compare mLearning to paper and pencil practice in four 3rd grade male students. Results were mixed; two children were observed to be more on-task during the mLearning practice, and two children were observed to perform similarly across both conditions. Additionally, two children performed similarly on correctly completed problems across both conditions, and two children performed better using paper and pencil practice. All students completed more math problems during the paper and pencil practice., Author(s): Cynthia F. DiCarlo [sup.1], Aaron R. Deris [sup.2], Thomas P. Deris [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.64337.35, 0000 0001 0662 7451, School of Education, Louisiana State University, , 70806, Baton [...]

Abstract Background of this research is suspension packaging: fragile goods are attached to a panel of cardboard by wrapping it in stretch film. The panel is then appropriately folded, and the whole thing is placed in a cardboard box of corresponding dimensions. The primary objective of this study is to identify paper types that might be used in future as a more sustainable alternative for stretch wrap film. The experimental methods that are utilized are basically variants of mechanical pulling tests on paper samples. Sample preparation and sample size are adopted from international standards, but displacement control is adopted to detect relevant stretchability properties. Some kraft papers show a high ultimate tensile stress and a moderate stretchability, mainly permanent stretch as expected. Although the ultimate tensile stress of paper from recycled fibers is lower, some of these paper grades show a considerable higher stretchability including a higher elastic stretch. It is concluded that both kraft paper and paper grades from recycled fibers may be applicable as a wrapping material for suspension packaging. Further experimental research is needed to identify appropriate wrapping parameters for each paper type.

Abstract This paper explores the potential for a system to be a co-author on an academic paper based on the criteria proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). We used a third generation generative pretrained transformer (GPT-3) to write a review paper on the topic of its choice: The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Function. The system was asked to fulfill the four main criteria for co-authorship as recommended by ICMJE, which includes contributions to the conception or design of the work; drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published; and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Our results showed that the system was able to fulfill the criteria, with significant difficulties with accurate and reliable referencing. We also explored the ethical implications of using AI systems for research and found that it is important to take a cautious approach when considering its use for scientific authorship. This case study provides a methodology for further investigations into the possibilities and limitations of automated writing.

The aim of this study is to employ a response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize experimental parameters in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ([micro]-PADs). The independent parameters include concentrations and volumes of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine iodide, and 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Their effect on mean color intensity was tested and optimized. From the analysis of variance, high regression and fitting values were obtained between the experimental and RSM predicted mean color intensity. Under optimum conditions, satisfactory linearity (R.sup.2 > 0.9990) in the range of 0.25-16 mg/L was obtained for the studied pesticides. The limit of detection (LOD) varies from 0.13 to 0.27 mg/L; high precision (RSD of 3.8-8.0%), reproducibility (RSD of 7.2-11.0%), and recovery (78-97%) were achieved. The RSM approach has been demonstrated to be more efficient than the traditional approach. It resulted in a [micro]-PAD system with less amount of reagent usage and better LOD compared with a univariate approach., Author(s): Sheleme Beshana [sup.1] , Ahmed Hussen [sup.1] , Seyoum Leta [sup.1] , Takashi Kaneta [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7123.7, 0000 0001 1250 5688, Center for Environmental Science, College of [...]

Article highlights Automated control system for paper production has been developed, which has increased the accuracy and stability of regulating the weight of paper web. Fiber consumption rates decreased by 2%. The standard deviation of the weight of the paper web decreased by 1.5-2%.

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are devices capable of effectively harvesting electrical energy from mechanical motion prevalent around us. With the goal of developing TENGs with a small environmental footprint, herein we present the potential of using rubber and paper as biological materials for constructing triboelectric nanogenerators. We explored the performance of these TENGs with various contact material combinations, electrode sizes, and operational frequencies. The optimally configured TENG achieved a maximum open circuit output voltage of over 30 V, and a short circuit current of around 3 µA. Additionally, this optimally configured TENG was capable of charging various capacitors and achieved a maximum power output density of 21 mW/m 2 . This work demonstrates that biologically derived materials can be used as effective, sustainable, and low-cost contact materials for the development of triboelectric nanogenerators with minimal environmental footprint.

The aim of this research is to gather information regarding the validity of the Student Career Construction Inventory (SCCI) among university students in order to examine the relation between adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, adapting responses and adaptation results. This research is composed of two different studies. Within the scope of Study 1, the validity of the SCCI was analyzed with a sample of Turkish university students (254 participants in total; 190 female, 64 male). On the other hand, within the scope of Study 2, structural equation modelling was utilized to test the career construction model of adaptation empirically. The participants of Study 2 were composed of 553 university students (429 female, 124 male) none of whom participated in Study 1. The first study involved translating SCCI into Turkish and testing the psychometric properties of the scale. The results have demonstrated that SCCI is a valid and reliable scale to be used for Turkish university students. During the second study, the career construction model of adaptation was used to empirically tested. The results of the structural equation modelling supported the career construction model of adaptation showed that adaptation results were affected by adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, and adapting responses sequentially and directly. By examining how Turkish University students construct their career, this investigation advances existing research from a different cultural perspective., Author(s): Elvan Yildiz-Akyol [sup.1] , Kemal Öztemel [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Psychological Counseling and Guidance Program, , Ankara, Turkey Introduction Technological developments accompanied by the continuous change in the world [...]

Technological progress provides health professionals with an excellent opportunity to take advantage of these developments and contribute to the development of efficient ways of diagnosing, monitoring, treating and assisting users. The purpose of this work is to present the results of a study conducted to examine the quantitative equivalence of paper-and-pencil and a voice-based conversational assistant, popularly known as a 'chatbot', as means to administer tests. One hundred and eight undergraduate university students completed both versions of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. The interval between the first and second administration was set at four days. Validity, internal structure, internal consistency and equivalence of chatbot administration mode were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure and provided a two-factor structure. Validity and internal consistency are adequate. These results support the feasibility of using chatbots for loneliness assessment in a sample of undergraduate university students and other populations in future., Author(s): Antonio Caballer [sup.1] , Oscar Belmonte [sup.2] , Andrea Castillo [sup.3] , Arturo Gasco [sup.3] , Emilio Sansano [sup.4] , Raul Montoliu [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9612.c, 0000 0001 [...]

A test device based on cellulose paper is proposed for the identification and classification of natural mineral waters. It contains indicator zones for determining total hardness, alkalinity, and pH of water, and also concentrations of chlorides and sulfates. The colorimetric parameters of the indicator zones of the test device after its contact with test water are determined using a smartphone. The analytical signal (A.sub.r) is presented by the values of the colorimetric parameters of each indicator zone in the RGB system: [Formula omitted] The data array is processed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis using the XLSTAT software. The identification and classification of 33 na-tural mineral waters (eight of which were carbonated) was performed., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia Digital colorimetry is increasingly used [...]

Objectives Most researchers who study the effects of hormonal contraception on menstrual bleeding rely on self-reported data via paper diaries, for which completeness and timeliness have been shown to be poor. The purpose of this exploratory study was to compare the completeness and timeliness of bleeding data collected via paper diaries, text messages or smartphone application (a.k.a 'app'). Methods This was a sub-study of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial comparing the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, with placebo when using a copper IUD. Participants tracked bleeding and symptoms over 112 days. Participants tracked bleeding daily using a paper diary as well as with either text messages or a smartphone app. Participants who used paper and the app were also able to record non-bleeding symptoms. Results Twenty-five participants submitted diaries. Of these participants, 10 completed both paper and app diaries, 7 completed both paper and text messages, 4 completed the paper diary only, 4 completed the app only. Text messages had the most complete data (108 days), followed by the app (96 days) and paper diaries (84 days). The lag time between a bleeding event and the date recording that event was 0.10 days for text, 1.0 days for app, and 4.73 days for paper diaries. Participants using the app reported a median of 33 other symptoms over the study period compared to 7 for the paper diaries. Discussion Our findings suggest texts demonstrated more complete and timely bleeding data than either paper diaries, or the app. Compared to paper diaries, the app delivered more complete, timely data, and also collected a large set of symptoms., Author(s): Tatiana Josephy [sup.1] , Sajal Sanan [sup.2] , Erin Thayer [sup.2] , Emily Godfrey [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.170205.1, 0000 0004 1936 7822, Pritzker School of Medicine, University [...]

Recent research has indicated high economic and environmental costs of human paper usage. Technologies have been developed to reduce consumers' paper use behavior, including mechanical dispensers that institute a delay between opportunities to obtain each consecutive unit. However, there is no empirical evidence that these dispensers or delays reduce paper use. In Experiment 1, implementing a delay between paper-unit deliveries using mechanical dispensers in a university cafe resulted in a significant decrease in units per person, material per person, and cost per person, compared to free-access dispensers. In Experiment 2, a relatively long delay was more effective than a short delay in reducing paper consumption in a laboratory experiment using mechanical dispensers. These results indicate that delays could be used to decrease paper use in many contexts on a larger scale. More research is necessary to determine the underlying behavioral mechanisms responsible for the observed reduction and the cost-benefit relationship under different circumstances. Keywords Reinforcement delays * Paper dispensers * Sustainability * Climate change * Behavioral nudges, Sustainability is rooted in human behavior, which is controlled by variables that can be manipulated (Baum, 2005; Skinner, 1953; Ylek & Steg, 2007). Verbal strategies (e.g., requests, education, information) to [...]

Technopoiesis was previously identified as the juvenile phase of expression of a technique that spontaneously evolves towards technopraxis as soon as the perspectives of practical use of the end-products overcome the cosmological resonance of the process itself. This view is re-examined considering the data and analyses exposed in 'Refining technopoiesis: Measures and Measuring Thinking in Ancient China,' in which a coexistence of the technopoiesis and technopraxis approaches of technics is suggested., Author(s): Nissim Amzallag [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7489.2, 0000 0004 1937 0511, Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, , Beer Sheba, Israel [...]

A simple and an available method is proposed for the determination of quinolone antibiotics using solid-phase fluorescence digital colorimetry. The intrinsic fluorescence of 17 quinolones and the quinolone-sensitizedfluorescence of europium on cellulose paper (CP) and a thin silica layer are studied. Upon the irradiation of quinolone solutions applied to a matrix with ultraviolet light (365 nm), blue (CP, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)) and pink (CP-Eu, HPTLC-Eu) fluorescence is observed. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity on the surface of matrices is carried out using a smartphone. The values of colorimetric parameters in the RGB system are used as the analytical signal (A.sub.r): A.sub.r = [Formula omitted] The limits of detection and determination are 0.2-4 and 0.6-12 [micro]g/mL, respectively, for all analyzed analytes. The analytical ranges are 0.6-500 [micro]g/mL. A procedure for the determination of fluoroquinolones in medicinal preparations is proposed. The relative standard deviation of the results of analysis does not exceed 5%., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia [...]

Abstract The construction and present condition of Picasso’s Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass, Guitar and Newspaper 1913, in the Tate collection since 1961, are described. Technical examination, materials analysis and microfading have been carried out on both the support and the collage elements, which include handmade paper, two elements made from broderie anglaise pattern pieces ironed onto paper, damaged water-resistant flock wallpaper and old newsprint. These indicate that the collage is not poorly constructed, but is sensitive to light as was expected, especially the support, pattern pieces and wallpaper. Based on the microfading, the current display recommendation for light exposure is 12 months in 4 years, which is half the exposure recommended for typical works on paper at Tate, at 50–80 lx without ultraviolet light.

Abstract The dry strength properties of hot-pressed moist paper improved as stiff high-yield pulp fibers soften and the sheet density increased. Very high wet strength was also achieved without adding strengthening agents. This research focuses on a new hot-pressing methodology based on a steel belt-based pilot cylinder press with infrared heating. The heated steel belt transports the moist paper into the cylinder nip with two adjacent steel rollers with adjustable nip pressure. The temperature ranges up to 300 °C, maximum speed is 5 m/min, maximum pulling force from the steel belt is 70 kN and the line load in the two press nips is 15 kN/m each. High peak pressures are possible due to the hard press nip between steel rolls and steel belt, allowing a good heat transfer to the paper. The long dwell time allows strained drying of the paper which results to high density and high wet strength. Paper samples from high-yield pulps were tested at different nip pressures, temperatures and machine speeds while the dry content was kept constant at about 63%. High nip pressure showed the largest effect on densification and dry strength. While high temperature and long dwell time seem to be most important in achieving high wet strength.

Author(s): Lesley Rees [sup.1] , Joseph Flynn [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.83440.3b, 0000000121901201, Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, , London, UK (2) grid.240741.4, [...]

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the preferred techniques for the analysis of forensic samples. However, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the classification of papers has not been established and remains unclear. In this work, a total of 150 ATR-FTIR spectra of white copy paper of three different manufacturers were analyzed using two advanced statistical methods, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and classification and regression tree (CART). Based on simple visual examination alone, the IR spectra did not allow any definite discrimination. However, the IR spectral differences between the papers were revealed by PCA and CART methods. A region at 1500-1200 cm.sup.-1 was determined to be the most discriminative. In conclusion, coupling of IR spectrum and CART provides a novel and non-destructive alternative for solving classification tasks in forensic context., Author(s): Loong Chuen Lee [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412113.4, 0000 0004 1937 1557, Forensic Science Program, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Basemen 1, PTSL, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, , 43600, Bangi, Malaysia [...]

This article discusses the epistemology of design as a process, arguing specifically that sketching and drawing are essential modes of thinking and reasoning. It demonstrates that the commonly accepted notion of a spontaneous and intuitive vision in the mind's eye-encapsulated in the cliché of the napkin sketch-obscures the exploratory inferences that are made while scribbling with a pencil on a sheet of paper. The draughtsperson, along with their work tools (such as the 6B), modes of notation, specific techniques, and epistemic strategies as well as the resulting design artefacts form milieus of reflection that facilitate complex processes of exploration. Case studies, including the genesis of the Mini by Alec Issigonis, samples of work by Alvar Aalto, and a reinterpretation of student sketches from a classical design study by Gabriela Goldschmidt, serve to illustrate how drawing inferences with pencil and paper occurs., Author(s): Sabine Ammon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6734.6, 0000 0001 2292 8254, Institute of Vocational Education and Work Studies, Technische Universität Berlin, , Secretariat MAR 1-1, Marchstraße 23, 10587, Berlin, [...]

Author(s): Guido Bacciagaluppi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5477.1, 0000000120346234, Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Utrecht University, , Utrecht, Netherlands After a number [...]

Borax, salicylic acid, nitrite, and nitrate have been used as food additives during processing for preserving, coloring, and stabilizing food. These four chemical food additives impact consumer health, e.g., liver cancer and gastric cancer. To maintain the high quality of food and to comply with food safety, a paper-based analytical device (PAD) coupled with a colorimetric method is proposed to simultaneously determine these four chemical food additives in this work. The Griess reaction can be used for the determination of nitrite, and nitrate was reduced to nitrite on the PAD in the section with a hydrophilic channel coated with zinc dust prior to detection by the Griess reaction. Borax and salicylic acid were determined using the complexation reactions with curcumin and FeCl.sub.3, respectively. This work presents the development of colorimetric methods on a PAD for the simultaneous determination of borax, salicylic acid, nitrite and nitrate in food samples. Limits of detection were (mg/L) 10 for borax, 35 for salicylic acid and 0.4 for nitrite and nitrate. Our PAD with a colorimetric method was also used for the determination of borax, salicylic acid, nitrite and nitrate in real food samples. Our detection limits were 3-5 times lower than those of commercial test kits, and the results from the real food samples were not statistically significantly different from those obtained via UV-Vis spectrophotometry at the 95% confidence level (t-test paired samples). Our proposed PAD can rapidly determine four chemical food additives in food with a high sensitivity and is an instrument-free technique., Author(s): Nalin Ratnarathorn [sup.1] Wijitar Dungchai [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412151.2, 0000 0000 8921 9789, Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King [...]

Fast-growing scientific papers bring the problem of rapidly and accurately finding a list of reference papers for a given manuscript. Reference paper recommendation is an essential technology to overcome this obstacle. In this paper, we study the problem of personalized query-focused astronomy reference paper recommendation and propose a heterogeneous information network embedding based recommendation approach. In particular, we deem query researchers, query text, papers and authors of the papers as vertices and construct a heterogeneous information network based on these vertices. Then we propose a heterogeneous information network embedding (HINE) approach, which simultaneously captures intra-relationships among homogeneous vertices, interrelationships among heterogeneous vertices and correlations between vertices and text contents, to model different types of vertices as vector formats in a unified vector space. The relevance of the query, the papers and the authors of the papers are then measured by the distributed representations. Finally, the papers which have high relevance scores are presented to the researcher as recommendation list. The effectiveness of the proposed HINE based recommendation approach is demonstrated by the recommendation evaluation conducted on the IOP astronomy journal database.

Author(s): John Hulland [sup.1] , Mark B. Houston [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.213876.9, 0000 0004 1936 738X, Department of Marketing, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, , Athens, GA, [...]

Introduction Diversity has become a key-strategic element of success in various political and economic fields. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) decided to make diversity a key strategic priority for the future and appointed a Task-Force on this topic. Methods In a consensus process, three Working-Groups, nominated by Task-Force members, developed statements on strategic future topics. In addition, diversity-related data available from the membership database have been analyzed and reported in aggregated form. Results The Task-Force decided to nominate working groups on (1) 'sex, gender identity and sexual orientation', (2) 'ethnicity, culture and socio-economic status', and (3) 'multiprofessionalism'. These are the first prioritized topics for the near future. The first diversity-report shows targetable items in all three domains. Conclusion The diversity Task-Force defined actionable items for a one- and three-year plan that are especially aiming at the identification of potential gaps and an implementation of concrete projects for members of the ESICM., Author(s): Bjoern Weiss [sup.1] [sup.2], B. Weiss [sup.1], L. Prisco, C. Boulanger, S. Einav, P. Gruber, J. H. Laake, S. Mehta, M. Ostermann, M. Antonelli, M. Ben Nun, B. Bollen [...]

Author(s): Gilles Hilbert [sup.1] [sup.2] , Frédéric Vargas [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0004 0593 7118, grid.42399.35, Chef de Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Pellegrin-Tripode 1° étage, Centre [...]

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used increasingly for both respiratory and cardiac failure in adult patients. Indications for ECMO use in cardiac failure include severe refractory cardiogenic shock, refractory ventricular arrhythmia, active cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest, and acute or decompensated right heart failure. Evidence is emerging to guide the use of this therapy for some of these indications, but there remains a need for additional evidence to guide best practices. As a result, the use of ECMO may vary widely across centers. The purpose of this document is to highlight key aspects of care delivery, with the goal of codifying the current use of this rapidly growing technology. A major challenge in this field is the need to emergently deploy ECMO for cardiac failure, often with limited time to assess the appropriateness of patients for the intervention. For this reason, we advocate for a multidisciplinary team of experts to guide institutional use of this therapy and the care of patients receiving it. Rigorous patient selection and careful attention to potential complications are key factors in optimizing patient outcomes. Seamless patient transport and clearly defined pathways for transition of care to centers capable of providing heart replacement therapies (e.g., durable ventricular assist device or heart transplantation) are essential to providing the highest level of care for those patients stabilized by ECMO but unable to be weaned from the device. Ultimately, concentration of the most complex care at high-volume centers with advanced cardiac capabilities may be a way to significantly improve the care of this patient population., Author(s): Darryl Abrams [sup.1], A. Reshad Garan [sup.2], Akram Abdelbary [sup.3], Matthew Bacchetta [sup.4], Robert H. Bartlett [sup.5], James Beck [sup.6], Jan Belohlavek [sup.7], Yih-Sharng Chen [sup.8], Eddy Fan [sup.9] [...]

Author(s): Lesley Rees [sup.1] , Michel Baum [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 0581 2008, grid.451052.7, Renal Office, Gt Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, , WC1N 3JH, [...]

Author(s): Shigeru Saito[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, 371-8511, MaebashiJapan Management of cognition in anesthesiology From the time anesthesia was established [...]

Demand for wood products is falling and prices are rising; the industry is expected to do better in the future.

Tables provide statistical information for the forest products and paper industries.

The article gives an in-depth analysis of the forest products and paper industries.

This comment is analysing the last section of a paper by Piotr Blaszczyk, Mikhail G. Katz, and David Sherry on alleged misconceptions committed by historians of mathematics regarding the history of analysis, published in this journal in the first issue of 2013. Since this section abounds of wrong attributions and denouncing statements regarding my research and a key publication, the comment serves to rectify them and to recall some minimal methodological requirements for historical research., Author(s): Gert Schubring[sup.1] Author Affiliations: Gert Schubring is a retired member of the Institut für Didaktik der Mathematik , a research institute at Bielefeld University, and at present is visiting [...]

Abstract Process industry suffers from production management in terms of efficiency promotion and waste reduction in large scale manufacturing due to poor organization of the intricate relational databases. In order to enhance the suitability of intelligent manufacturing systems in process industry, this study proposed an innovative top-down structure Knowledge Graph (KG) for process fault diagnosis, and papermaking was taken as a case study. The KG consists of a normalized seven-step-built ontology, which extracted instances of papermaking knowledge via Protégé software. The exported OWL file was imported into Neo4j software for visualization of the KG. The application in papermaking drying process for fault diagnosis shows that it can depict the material and energy flows throughout the process with a clearer relationship visualization than traditional measures. They also enable rationale search for faults and identification of their potential causes. The built KG efficiently manages the vast knowledge of the process, stores unstructured data, and promotes the intelligent development of process with high reusability and dynamicity that can rapidly import new production knowledge as well as flexibly self-updating.

Purpose More than 20 years ago we reported an analysis of a case series of elderly critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI)-then termed acute renal failure. At that time, AKI was regarded as a 'simple' complication, but has since undergone a fundamental change and actually has become one of the central syndromes in the critically ill patient. Methods We have analyzed elderly patients above 65 years of age with an AKI defined as serum creatinine above 3 mg/dl corresponding to modern KDIGO stage 3, most of them requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Using an extremely complete data set the diagnosis differentiated the underlying disease entity, the dominant cause of AKI, acute and chronic risk factors (comorbidities). Special aspects such as severity of disease, early AKI at admission versus late AKI, early versus later start of RRT, AKI not treated by RRT in spite of indication for RRT, various measures of short-term and long-term prognosis, renal outcome, patients dying with resolved AKI, and causes of death were evaluated. Results Crude mortality was 61 % which corresponds to modern studies with gross variation among the different subgroups. Age per se was not a determinant of survival either within the group of elderly patients or as compared to younger age groups. Despite an increase in mean age and disease severity during the observation period prognosis improved. A total of 17 % of patients developed a chronic kidney disease. Long-term survival as compared to the general population was low. Conclusions A look back at the last two decades illustrates a remarkable evolution or rather metamorphosis of a syndrome. AKI has evolved as a central syndrome in intensive care patients, a systemic disease process associated with multiple systemic sequels and extra-renal organ injury and exerting a pronounced effect on the course of disease and short- and long-term prognosis not only of the patient but also of the kidney. Moreover, the 'non-renal-naïve' elderly patient with multiple comorbidities has become the most frequent ICU patient in industrialized nations., Author(s): Wilfred Druml [sup.1], Kurt Lenz [sup.2], Anton N. Laggner [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.22937.3d, 0000000092598492, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, , Währinger [...]

Article History: Registration Date: 30/09/2004

Introduction Although the recent literature contains plenty of studies concerning all aspects of infective endocarditis (IE), very few focus on severe IE requiring admission to the ICU. Results In 2004, we published a report on the clinical spectrum and prognostic factors in 228 consecutive critically ill patients with IE. Septic shock, neurological complications and immunocompromised state were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Cardiac surgery during the acute phase of EI was associated with better survival. A lot of information has been accumulated during the past 10 years on management of IE. Although three sets of blood cultures allow the identification of about 90 % of cases, culture-negative IE still remains a diagnostic challenge. Blood-polymerase chain reaction in valve tissue may yield a microbiologic diagnosis. New imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) have shown additive value in patients with an intracardiac device or valvular prosthesis. Systematic cerebral magnetic resonance imaging can lead to modification of therapeutic plans. The decision to operate and the timing of cardiac surgery should take into account the presence of congestive heart failure, neurological complications, renal failure and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. In 2011 and 2013, we published the results of a multicentre prospective observational study of 198 ICU patients with left-sided IE and confirmed that cardiac surgery was associated with better outcome. The strongest independent predictor of post-operative mortality was the pre-operative multiorgan failure score. Neurological failure also represented a major determinant of mortality, regardless of the mechanism of neurological complication. Conclusion In the present paper, we propose algorithms to optimize the medico-surgical approach., Author(s): Michel Wolff [sup.1] [sup.2], Bruno Mourvillier [sup.1] [sup.2], Romain Sonneville [sup.1] [sup.2], Jean-François Timsit [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.50550.35, 0000000121754109, Service de Réanimation, Medical Intensive Care Unit, [...]

Withdrawal from mechanical ventilation (or weaning) is one of the most common procedures in intensive care units. Almost 20 years ago, we published one of the seminal papers on weaning in which we showed that the best method for withdrawal from mechanical ventilation in difficult-to-wean patients was a once-daily spontaneous breathing trial with a T-piece. Progress has not stood still, and in the intervening years up to the present several other studies, by our group and others, have shaped weaning into an evidence-based technique. The results of these studies have been applied progressively to routine clinical practice. Currently, withdrawal from mechanical ventilation can be summarized as the evaluation of extubation readiness based on the patient's performance during a spontaneous breathing trial. This trial can be performed with a T-piece, which is the most common approach, or with continuous positive airway pressure or low levels of pressure support. Most patients can be disconnected after passing the first spontaneous breathing trial. In patients who fail the first attempt at withdrawal, the use of a once-daily spontaneous breathing trial or a gradual reduction in pressure support are the preferred weaning methods. However, new applications of standard techniques, such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, or new methods of mechanical ventilation, such as automatic tube compensation, automated closed-loop systems, and automated knowledge-based weaning systems, can play a role in the management of the patients with difficult or prolonged weaning., Author(s): Fernando Frutos-Vivar [sup.1] [sup.2] , Andrés Esteban [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411244.6, 0000000096916072, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, , Carretera de Toledo Km.12,500, Getafe, Madrid, Spain (2) grid.413448.e, 0000000093141427, [...]

Erich Fromm was a highly successful popular author and psychoanalyst who played an important role as a twentieth-century social activist and public intellectual. Friedman's biography reveals Fromm's fascinating 'lives' as a psychoanalyst, social theorist, cosmopolitan activist, and 'prophet' of love who significantly influenced American thought and politics., Author(s): James J. Clark[sup.1] Author Affiliations: James J. Clark PhD, LCSW joined the University of Cincinnati's School of Social Work at the College of Allied Health Sciences as its Director [...]

Author(s): Samir Jaber [sup.1], Giuseppe Citerio [sup.2] [sup.3], Daniel Talmor [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.414352.5, Intensive Care Unit and Transplantation, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care B (DAR B), Hôpital [...]

Introduction In the early 1990s, the in-hospital mortality rate of intensive care unit (ICU) patients dropped, and interest in the quality of life (QOL) of ICU survivors increased. In 1996, we published a study to investigate 1-year survival after hospital discharge and 6-month QOL after intensive care. Now, we compare our previous results with those reported in the recent literature to appraise any changes, and new knowledge in the area. Results The 1-year survival of ICU patients after hospital discharge is substantial, lower than in the general population, and different among subgroups. Some studies showed a reduction in QOL at 6 months, as in our study, while others showed an improvement. Different results seem to be related mainly to the case mix. Studies on different types of patients found long-term cognitive impairment in ICU survivors, possibly not disease specific. The proportions of patients with neuropsychological morbidities such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression, described after our study, did not show any change over time. Conclusions Differences between studies on long-term survival and QOL do not allow conclusions to be drawn about change over time. No change was found in neuropsychological morbidities. However, a lack of change may not be viewed negatively, because critically ill patients who survive ICU today may be at higher risk for poor long-term outcome than in the past due to the higher severity of their illness and the more aggressive treatments received. Future studies may provide understanding of the relationships between psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, functional disability, and QOL., Author(s): Maurizia Capuzzo [sup.1] [sup.2], Margherita Bianconi [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8484.0, 0000000417572064, c/o Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, S. Anna Hospital, [...]

Introduction Jugular oxygen saturation monitoring was introduced in neurointensive care after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to explore the adequacy of brain perfusion and guide therapeutic interventions. The brain was considered homogeneous, and oxygen saturation was taken as representative of the whole organ. We investigated whether venous outflow from the brain was homogeneous by measuring oxygen saturation simultaneously from the two jugular veins. Methods In 32 comatose TBI patients both internal jugular veins (IJs) were simultaneously explored using intermittent samples; hemoglobin saturation was also recorded continuously by fiber-optic catheters in five patients. In five cases long catheters were inserted bilaterally upstream, up to the sigmoid sinuses. Main findings On average, measurements from the two sides were in agreement (mean and standard deviation of the differences between the saturation of the two IJs were respectively 5.32 and 5.15). However, 15 patients showed differences of more than 15 % in hemoglobin saturation at some point; three others showed differences larger than 10 %. No relationship was found between the computed tomographic scan data and the hemoglobin saturation pattern. Discussion/conclusion Several groups have confirmed differences between oxygen saturation in the two jugular veins. After years of enthusiasm, interest for jugular saturation has decreased and more modern methods, such as tissue oxygenation monitoring, are now available. Jugular saturation monitoring has low sensitivity, with the risk of missing low saturation, but high specificity; moreover it is cheap, when used with intermittent sampling. Monitoring the adequacy of brain perfusion after severe TBI is essential. However the choice of a specific monitor depends on local resources and expertise., Author(s): N. Stocchetti [sup.1] [sup.2], S. Magnoni [sup.2], E. R. Zanier [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4708.b, 0000000417572822, Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, , Milan, Italy (2) grid.414818.0, 0000000417578749, [...]

Introduction Oxygen uptake (VO.sub.2) is independent of oxygen delivery (DO.sub.2) over a wide range of values, because O.sub.2 extraction can readily adapt to changes in DO.sub.2. However, VO.sub.2 can become DO.sub.2-dependent in acute circulatory failure. Methods Various methods of evaluating the presence of VO.sub.2/DO.sub.2 dependency were conducted, but criticized because of potential problems with mathematical coupling of data. Some 20 years ago, we proposed using a dobutamine test and showed similar relationships using direct and indirect measurements. Since these studies on the systemic VO.sub.2/DO.sub.2 relationship, investigators have also explored regional alterations. Conclusion The relationship between VO.sub.2 and DO.sub.2 remains an important concept. Abnormal global VO.sub.2/DO.sub.2 dependency does not exist in stable, critically ill patients, but can exist in circulatory shock of all etiologies. It can also occur regionally in septic patients, and microcirculatory alterations may contribute. Patient management should be titrated individually with careful assessment to identify those who will benefit from increased DO.sub.2., Author(s): Jean-Louis Vincent [sup.1], Daniel De Backer [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4989.c, 0000000123480746, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, , Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, [...]

Introduction More than 20 years have passed since we reported our results of treating patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). The main finding was that iNO alleviated pulmonary hypertension (PH) by selective vasodilation of pulmonary vessels in ventilated lung areas. This, in turn, improved arterial oxygenation. Methods We now set out to review the time span between the discovery of NO in 1987 and today in order to identify and describe interesting areas of research and clinical practice surrounding the application of iNO. Major Findings Enhancement of ventilation-perfusion matching and alleviation of PH in ARDS, treatment of PH of the newborn, and treatment of perioperative PH in congenital heart disease serve as just a few exciting examples for the successful use of iNO. Breathing NO prevents PH induced by stored blood transfusions or sickle cell disease. Exploiting the anti-inflammatory properties of NO helps to treat malaria. Discussion Regarding the use of iNO in ARDS, there remains the unresolved question of whether important outcome parameters can be positively influenced. At first glance, several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses seem to send the clear message: 'There is none!' Careful analyses, however, leave sufficient room for doubt that the ideal study to produce the unequivocal proof for the inability of iNO to positively impact on important outcome parameters has, as yet, not been conducted. Conclusion In summary, the discovery of and research on the many positive effects of iNO has improved care of critically ill patients worldwide. It is a noble effort to continue on this path., Author(s): R. Rossaint [sup.1], K. Lewandowski [sup.2], W. M. Zapol [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412301.5, 0000000086531507, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, , Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany (2) grid.477277.6, 0000000446730615, [...]

We propose a Drawing-Frequency based Layered (DFL) Canvas approach to reduce a synchronization delay in collaborative web applications. The synchronization delay consists of a network delay and a drawing delay. The network delay is well-argued topic by various researches. We focus on the drawing delay, which is a primary bottleneck of Canvas objects synchronizations. We introduce the DFL Canvas approach in order to solve the drawing problem. The DFL Canvas divides Canvas objects by drawingfrequency. We implemented a collaborative paper editing support system with the DFL Canvas. Users can edit the same document and share Canvas objects on papers in real-time on web browsers. We present an evaluation result that indicates the approach is suited for collaborative paper editing support systems.