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Melanotic macule isthe most common benign pigmented lesion of the oral cavity characterised by a focal increase in the melanin deposition. A 34 year old female patient reported with a chief complaint of black pigmentation with respect to maxillary gingiva between the central incisors since one year. An excisional biopsy was done for histo pathological examination, which revealed the lesion as melanotic macule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background-Oral hygiene is highly personalised concept and major public health concern that relies on an individual's culture and socio-economic status. Hence, it is imperative that health services should be made available to all rural/semi urban areas as well. Thus it is important to create awareness through various public health programs regarding oral hygiene and its effects on general health in order to change the total perspective of the patients towards dental problems to lead a healthy quality life. Objective-Thus the aim of this study is to assess the oral hygiene awareness and their knowledge on different oral hygiene practices. Materials and Methods- A total of 369 patients participated in the study. The patients were interviewed on questionnaire basis. A self-reported questionnaire consisting of 26 multiple choice questions written in English were given to the patients. Statistical analysis-Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to assess the oral health awareness and oral hygiene practice among the subjects who are attending A.B Shetty Memorial Institute Of Dental Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore. Results- The result of this study showed an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and limited knowledge of oral hygiene practices. Most of the patients were not aware of the relationship between systemic and general health. Conclusion- Hence there is an urgent need to educate and motivate the patients for better oral hygiene awareness and practisesand conduct various health programsforthesame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthodontic treatment helps in improving aesthetics, oral hygiene as well as functional occlusion. Also, importance of oral hygiene in orthodontic patients is always intensified to prevent any further periodontal disease. Regular oral hygiene maintenance is important for the maintenance of gingival health during and after orthodontic therapy as it helps in preservation ofthe health of gingiva as well as overall oral health. Objective: To assess the extent of oral hygiene awareness and impact of orthodontic treatment on of periodontal health, among medical students. Method: A cross sectional survey containing 19 questions was answered by 150 medical students who had undergone fixed Orthodontic treatment from various colleges in Mangalore, Karnataka. Results and Conclusion: The results of this survey showed that medical students have adequate knowledge of oral hygiene practices. Majority of medical students who had undergone orthodontic treatment showed increased bleeding from gums, increased sensitivity and difficulty in brushing and flossing indicating that orthodontic treatment does have impact on maintenance of oral hygiene. Thus, a thorough assessment of the periodontal health is recommended prior to orthodontic treatment. Equal emphasis should also be laid on the necessity of good oral hygiene and regular periodontal maintenance for the best outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous injuries constitute one of the most common occupational health hazards in healthcare profession. Dental professionals are at more risk of acquiring these injuries due to their limited and restricted working area in mouth. This was a cross-sectional study done among dental professionals in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka state India to access Knowledge awareness and complianceamong dental professionals regarding percutaneous exposure incidents. This study concludes that Dental professionals are at a high risk of occupational disease due to accidental exposure to infected blood and body fluids. forwhich appropriatemeasures not taken after one such exposure There is a need of clearing the present misconceptions through educational training programs early in the study period and providing facilities for reporting, documenting, supportive and proper guidelines regarding percutaneous injuries inwork place for healthy community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Fibromas are proliferative fibrous lesions of the gingiva and oralmucosa thatmay cause esthetic and functional problems. Fibrous hyperplasia and Fibro-epithelial hyperplasia are histological variants of these non-neoplasticlesions. Methods: This article addresses the diagnosis, histological features and treatment of two cases of fibroma. Results: These lesions are a result of trauma/chronic irritation, or arise fromcells of periodontium, periodontal ligament, or periosteum. Conclusion: The cases demonstrate the need for proper diagnosis, role of biopsy and histologic evaluation in management of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lasers have revolutionised dental treatment since three and a half decades of the twentieth century. Theodore maiman in 1960 invented the ruby laser, since then laser is one of the most captivating technologies in dental practice. Lasers have been used in initial periodontal therapy, surgery, and also in implant treatment. Further research is necessary so that laser can become a part of the dental armamentarium. This paper gives an insight to laser in Periodontics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth wear (attrition, erosion and abrasion) is perceived internationally as a growing problem .The loss of tooth substance at the cemento- enamel junction because of causes other than dental caries has been identified as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) or cervical wear. NCCLs can lead to hypersensitivity, plaque retention, pulpal involvement, root fracture and aesthetic problems. Hence study was done to evaluate association of cervical wear with occlusal wear from clinical periodontal prospective in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters like plaque index, gingival index, gingival recession and tooth mobility were assessed .The levels of cervical wear and occlusal wear were determined according to tooth wear index. Premolars were more likely to develop cervical wear than anterior teeth (incisors, canines) and molars. In conclusion, the significant association of cervical wear with the periodontal status suggested the role of abrasion and its possible combined action of erosion in the etiology of NCCLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to estimate the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health among para medical students Materials and method : A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 para medical professionals in Mangalore. The health care professionals include from physiotherapy, nursing and medical lab technicians. They were asked to answer a questionnaire that contained 15 questions regarding knowledge and behaviour towards oral health. Results and conclusion : Majority of para medical students were practising a convincing oral hygiene methods they believed oral health play a role in general health had a positive attitude in educating their patients when required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory hyperplasia affecting the oral tissues. It is a tumour-like growth of the oral cavity, which usually arises in response to nonspecific infection. Because of the high frequency of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity, this case report describes a pyogenic granuloma in a 59-year-old male patient, discussing the clinical features and histopathologic features that distinguish this lesion from other similar oral mucosa lesions and also the successful management of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Periodontal disease is one of the common inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and is multifactorial in origin. Several enzymes are evaluated for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. The enzyme ALP plays a role in bone metabolism. In the periodontium, ALP is very important enzyme as it is part of normal turnover of periodontal ligament, root cementum, and bone homeostasis. The deficiency of estrogen in women at menopause is contributing factor to osteoporosis and considered one of the risk factors for periodontal disease. It has been hypothesized that osteoporosis decreases alveolar bone density and in turn increases its susceptibility to resorption due to periodontal inflammation. Accelerated bone loss in menopause is related to increased bone turnover. This is accompanied by increased levels of biochemical markers such as Alkaline Phosphatase. Alteration in salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels might be expected as an indication of periodontal disease activity. Methods: The study included 40 subjects, 20 in each group in the age group of 50-60 years. Group 1 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women without chronic periodontitis. Group 2 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Each saliva sample was estimated for ALP levels. Results: The present study showed significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase in postmenopausal women with periodontitis (Group 2) with p value <0.0001. Interpretation and conclusion: Alkaline phosphatase can be used as a diagnostic marker of Periodontitis in postmenopausal women. However ALP cannot be solely responsible for Periodontitis but it can be used as a additional aid in diagnosing Periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]