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Heterocyclic molecules are pervasive in several areas of life sciences. These molecules perform numerous significant functions in nature, medicine, and technology. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles specially azoles family are the subject of continuous interest in organic synthesis owing to the fact that they occur ubiquitously in pharmacologically active natural products, multipurpose oriented functional materials as well as highly potent pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Benzimidazole has been a popular heterocycle in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry allowing the construction of structurally different molecules with diverse bioactivities viz. anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antiviral, analgesic, antiparasitic etc. This review article is an effort to compile the literature of several synthetic approaches and bio-evaluation of benzimidazole analogues. This review helps in the further development of novel benzimidazoles for future drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic chemistry is a key branch of chemistry dealing with synthesis, properties and applications of heterocycles. Heterocycles have enormous potential as the most promising lead molecules for the design of new drugs. It plays a vital role in biological processes and are wide spread as natural products. Our article is emphasized on synthesis and biological activity of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen containing heterocyclic moieties-benzothiazole, thiazolidine, azetidine and chromene derivatives which shall be the milestones of conjunction based drug concept in synthetic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of 1-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-substituted phenyl azetidin-1-yl)-3-(substituted benzo[d] thiazol-2-yl) urea (7a-j) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. The structure of the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (IR, 1H NMR and Mass). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg mL-1) of the chemical compounds assays were carried out by broth microdilution method. Two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus MTCC 4317 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5 alpha MTCC 1652 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 4676) bacteria were used as quality control strains. Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Alternaria solani MTCC 2101, Fusarium culmorum MTCC 2090 and Rhizopus stolonifer MTCC 2591 strains were used for antifungal activity. Ampicillin sodium salt and Fluconazole were used as standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs respectively. The compounds showed good to moderate inhibition against the various strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocycles containing nitrogen, sulphur and thiazole moieties constitute the core structure of a number of biologically interesting compounds. Benzothiazole and their heterocyclic derivatives represent an important class of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities. A large number of anticonvulsant drugs are available for the treatment of different types of seizures and many are in clinical trials. But not a single molecule is available for treatment of all type of seizures having no side effects, toxic effects, adverse reactions etc. Therefore, the development of newer molecules which serve for most of the seizures with high tolerance, having good pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy with less side effects or toxicity is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]