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Optimal position of total hip arthroplasty (THA) components is critical for joint mechanics and stability. Acetabular component positioning during supine surgery in direct anterior approach (DAA) THA may be different in the standing position postoperatively, which traditional fluoroscopy is unable to predict. A novel 3-dimensional (3D) image analysis technology (IAT) that uses artificial intelligence to measure the tilt and rotation of the pelvis has enabled prediction of component positioning from supine to standing. The purpose of this study was to compare intraoperative fluoroscopy, non–3D-IAT, and 3D-IAT with postoperative standing radiographs to assess the accuracy of component positioning. From 2022 to 2023, 30 consecutive patients (86.6% women, mean age 59 [range, 55 to 67]) undergoing primary DAA THA with the use of the 3D-IAT were identified. A separate cohort of 148 patients from 2020 to 2021 (85% women, mean age 65 [range, 55 to 69]) who underwent DAA THA with non–3D-IAT was used for comparison. Leg length discrepancy (LLD), cup anteversion, and inclination were manually measured on intraoperative fluoroscopic images and digitally measured using IAT. Follow-up evaluation occurred at 1 month with standing pelvis radiographs measured using Ein Bild Röntgen Analyze–Cup software. Measurements were compared via Wilcoxon signed rank tests where P ≤.05 indicates significantly different measurements. Median LLD, inclination, and anteversion measurements via non–3D-IAT and fluoroscopy were significantly different compared to postoperative standing radiographs (P <.001). The 3D-IAT more accurately predicted LLD, abduction, and anteversion, with values not significantly different from postoperative standing measurements (P =.23, P =.93, and P =.36, respectively). The use of the 3D-IAT during DAA THA allowed for the more accurate prediction of acetabular component position in the standing position postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Glass from Bilsk is chemically close to coeval materials from the Mediterranean. • At least two primary sources of glass were distinguished. • Faience beads feature peculiar composition of the vitreous phase. • Intense exchange of the local population with distant localities confirmed. The Bilsk archaeological complex comprises the remains of many structures associated with an impressive Iron Age fortified site and extends over a vast area in central-east Ukraine. Its importance is marked by the presence of apparently imported objects, including some vitreous ones (represented mainly by glass and faience beads), which provide researchers with materials for studying past trade in the area. A representative set of vitreous fragments was subjected to an analytical study with several instrumental techniques (namely: scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction) in order to characterise the beads on compositional basis. The complementary data from different techniques revealed a complex picture for the raw materials, identifying several sources of silica and, consequently, several production centres for the items included in the analysed set. This information in turn led to a better understanding of the trade networks that operated in the region between the 7th and 4th century BCE. Colouring and opacifying agents are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is the ability of a computer to perform tasks typically associated with clinical care (e.g. medical decision-making and documentation). AI will soon be integrated into an increasing number of healthcare applications, including elements of emergency department (ED) care. Here, we describe the basics of AI, various categories of its functions (including machine learning and natural language processing) and review emerging and potential future use-cases for emergency care. For example, AI-assisted symptom checkers could help direct patients to the appropriate setting, models could assist in assigning triage levels, and ambient AI systems could document clinical encounters. AI could also help provide focused summaries of charts, summarize encounters for hand-offs, and create discharge instructions with an appropriate language and reading level. Additional use cases include medical decision making for decision rules, real-time models that predict clinical deterioration or sepsis, and efficient extraction of unstructured data for coding, billing, research, and quality initiatives. We discuss the potential transformative benefits of AI, as well as the concerns regarding its use (e.g. privacy, data accuracy, and the potential for changing the doctor-patient relationship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effective and timely evaluation of nursing student's performance in clinical setting is critical to their success in clinical learning environment. • Utilization of digital technologies in evaluating student performance is preferred by both nursing instructor and student in clinical setting. • Resulted demonstrate optimized communication and enhanced learner-centered outcomes, increased instructional time, and the development of competent, skills and knowledge in the clinical setting. Evaluating undergraduate nursing students' clinical performance is a complex practice that relies on outdated methods that do not align with the growing use of technology in nursing curricula. This study is an exploration of nursing students' and clinical instructors' experiences using a digital evaluation tool or traditional paper-based evaluation tool. Third year nursing students and clinical instructors were given the opportunity to use a digital or paper-based evaluation tool during one semester; a survey was sent to all participants at the end of the semester. Student survey responses indicated that they preferred the digital evaluation tool as it provided for timely and specific in self-reflection and instructor feedback that was easily accessible. A digital evaluation tool is effective in supporting nursing students in the clinical evaluation process through encouraging reflection on specific learning behaviors, timely feedback from instructors, and an overall improvement in their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a real-time three-dimensional dynamic navigation system (3D-DNS) for post space preparation (PSP) in root canal-treated teeth and to compare the accuracy and efficiency of 3D-DNS to freehand (FH) for PSP. Fifty-four maxillary molars were divided into two groups: 3D-DNS (n = 27) and FH group (n = 27). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. The drilling path for the PSP was virtually planned in the preoperative CBCT scan in the X-guide software (X-Nav Technologies, Lansdale, PA). For the 3D-DNS group, the PSP drilling was conducted under dynamic navigation. The 3D deviations and angular deflections were calculated. The residual dentin thickness (RDT) was determined after PSP. The operation time and the total number of mishaps were recorded. Shapiro-Wilk, t -test or Mann-Whitney rank sum, weighted Cohen's kappa, and Fisher exact tests were used (P <.05). The PSP was completed in all samples (54/54). The 3D-DNS was more accurate than the FH, with significantly fewer 3D deviations and angular deflections (all, P <.05). The 3D-DNS required less operating time than the FH (P <.05). For the 3D-DNS, no teeth had RDT < 1 mm, whereas 6/27 in the FH showed RDT < 1 mm after the PSP. There was no difference in the total number of mishaps (P >.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the 3D-DNS is feasible for PSP. The 3D-DNS improved the accuracy and efficiency of PSP. The dynamic navigation system can potentially become a safe and reliable technology for PSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This exploratory qualitative study sought to identify the main technological gaps faced by digital influencers from generations X, Y, and Z. Using interviews with open questions, perceptions of nine Brazilian digital influencers from different areas and age groups were collected. The interviews, with an average duration of 40 minutes, addressed two blocks: the influencers' profile and perception of the technologies used. The content analysis through a Similitude Tree created by the Iramuteq software revealed common gaps between generations, such as adaptation to new platforms, emotional control, search for engagement, and constant updating. Understanding these nuances across generations allows for tailored solutions to minimize technological challenges and promote digital inclusion and professional success for these women. Future studies should explore creating a structural equation model to test the standard dimensions found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to investigate the validity of wearable activity monitors (WAMs) as an objective tool to measure the return toward normal functional mobility following abdominal wall surgery. This was achieved by quantifying and comparing pre- and postoperative physical activity (PA). A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study was designed. Patients undergoing abdominal wall surgery were assessed for eligibility and consent for study participation was obtained. Participants were asked to wear a WAM (AX3, Axivity) on the wrist of their dominant hand at least 48 hours pre-operatively, for up to 2 weeks postop, and again after 6 months postop for 48 hours. A cohort of 20 patients were recruited in this validation study with a mean age of 47.3 ± 13.0 years. Postoperation, the percentage median PA (±IQR) dropped to 32.6% (20.1), whereas on day 14, PA had reached 64.6% (22.7) of the preoperative value providing construct validity. Activity levels at >6 months postop increased by 16.4% on an average when compared to baseline preoperative PA (p = 0.046). This study demonstrates that WAMs are valid markers of postoperative recovery following abdominal wall surgery. This was achieved by quantifying the reduction in PA postoperation, which has not been previously shown. In addition, this study suggests that abdominal wall surgery may improve the patient's quality of life via increased functional mobility at 6 months postop. In the future, this technology could be used to identify the patient and surgical factors that are predictors of outcome following abdominal wall surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, less than one-half of eligible patients receive treatment. A nonprescription statin has the potential to improve access to statins. This study sought to assess concordance between clinician and consumer assessment of eligibility for nonprescription statin treatment using a technology assisted self-selection Web application (Web App) and evaluate effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study was a prospective actual use 6-month study to evaluate use of a Web App to qualify participants without a medical background for a moderate-intensity statin based on current guidelines. Participants entered demographic information, cholesterol values, blood pressure, and concomitant medications into the Web App, resulting in 3 possible outcomes: "do not use," "ask a doctor," and "OK to use." The study included 1,196 participants, with a median age of 63 years (Q1-Q3: 57-68 years); 39.6% were women, 79.3% were White, 11.7% were Black, and 4.1% had limited literacy. Mean LDL-C was 139.6 ± 28.3 mg/dL and the median calculated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 10.1% (Q1-Q3: 7.3%-14.0%). Initial Web App self-selection resulted in an outcome concordant with clinician assessment in 90.7% (95% CI: 88.9%-92.3%) of participants, and 98.1% (95% CI: 97.1%-98.8%) had a concordant final use outcome during treatment. Mean percent change in LDL-C was −35.5% (95% CI: −36.6% to −34.3%). Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (2.3%) participants, none related to the study drug. In this actual use study, a technology-assisted Web App allowed >90% of consumers to correctly self-select for statin use and achieve clinically important LDL-C reductions. (Technology-Assisted Cholesterol Trial in Consumers [TACTiC]; NCT04964544) [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this diagnostic accuracy study was to develop and validate an alert to identify calves at risk for a diarrhea bout using milk feeding behavior data (behavior) from automated milk feeders (AMF). We enrolled Holstein calves (n = 259) as a convenience sample size from 2 facilities that were health scored daily preweaning and offered either 10 or 15 L/d of milk replacer. For alert development, 132 calves were enrolled and the ability of milk intake, drinking speed, and rewarded visits collected from AMF to identify calves at risk for diarrhea was tested. Alerts that had high diagnostic accuracy in the alert development phase were validated using a holdout validation strategy of 127 different calves from the same facilities (all offered 15 L/d) for −3 to 1 d relative to diarrhea diagnosis. We enrolled calves that were either healthy or had a first diarrheal bout (loose feces ≥2 d or watery feces ≥1 d). Relative change and rolling dividends for each milk feeding behavior were calculated for each calf from the previous 2 d. Logistic regression models and receiver operator curves (ROC) were used to assess the diagnostic ability for relative change and rolling dividends behavior relative to alert d) to classify calves at risk for a diarrhea bout from −2 to 0 d relative to diagnosis. To maximize sensitivity (Se), alert thresholds were based on ROC optimal classification cutoff. Diagnostic accuracy was met when the alert had a moderate area under the ROC curve (≥0.70), high accuracy (Acc; ≥0.80), high Se (≥0.80), and very high precision (Pre; ≥0.85). For alert development, deviations in rolling dividend milk intake with drinking speed had the best performance (10 L/d: ROC area under the curve [AUC] = 0.79, threshold ≤0.70; 15 L/d: ROC AUC = 0.82, threshold ≤0.60). Our diagnostic criteria were only met in calves offered 15 L/d (10 L/d: Se 75%, Acc 72%, Pre 92%, specificity [Sp] 55% vs. 15 L/d: Se 91%, Acc 91%, Pre 89%, Sp 73%). For holdout validation, rolling dividend milk intake with drinking speed met diagnostic criteria for one facility (threshold ≤0.60, Se 86%, Acc 82%, Pre 94%, Sp 50%). However, no milk feeding behavior alerts met diagnostic criteria for the second facility due to poor Se (relative change milk intake −0.36 threshold, Se 71%, Acc 70%, and Pre 97%). We suggest that changes in milk feeding behavior may indicate diarrhea bouts in dairy calves. Future research should validate this alert in commercial settings; furthermore, software updates, support, and new analytics might be required for on-farm application to implement these types of alerts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating digital technologies into sexual health education can offer advantages for connecting with adolescents, particularly populations who may be underserved through common school-based approaches. This study assessed the effectiveness of In the Know , an in-person, group-based sexual health education program integrating digital technologies, codesigned with adolescents. The study design was a cluster randomized trial with 1,263 adolescents aged 13-19 in 95 cohorts, implemented in community-based organizations and schools throughout Fresno County, California. Participants completed a baseline survey and a follow-up survey 3 months later. Two-level mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for cohort were used to estimate the intervention's impact on unprotected sex, use of clinical health services, knowledge of local sexual health services, technology use to find or schedule services, and sexual health knowledge at the 3-month follow-up. The average age of participants was 15.7 years, and the majority identified as Hispanic (71%). In adjusted analyses, intervention group participants were more likely to use clinical services (42.7% vs. 33.2%, p =.009) and reported greater sexual health knowledge at 3 months (57.6% of items answered correctly vs. 50.7%, p =.001). No significant differences were observed in the other outcomes by study group. In the Know participants demonstrated greater use of clinical health services and sexual health knowledge at 3 months. The study findings show the potential for incorporating user-centered design and technology into sexual health education to better support adolescents who may have limited access to this important information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the creation of podcasts for instructional delivery and evaluate strengths and areas for improvement in a post-graduate training (PGT) elective course. After creating a podcast series, students in the PGT elective from Spring 2021 to Fall 2022 listened to the series then completed a reflection based on five open-ended questions that provoked their thoughts and feelings about use of podcasts as a method of delivering information and teaching. Responses were downloaded and a content analysis was performed. Each investigator analyzed responses from all reflections to identify major themes and subthemes. Letter of intent assignment and overall course grades were compared to assess if podcasts affected student learning. Ninety-one students provided reflections about the use of podcasts in the PGT elective course, which revealed three major themes with 13 subthemes, including perception of guests, learner experience, and show and episode production. Students appreciated the various perspectives, authenticity, relatability, and diversity of the guest speakers; the learning environment was described as flexible, relatable, positive, and a safe space; the podcast design was noted to be informative, organized, and easily accessible. Areas for improvement included more interaction with guests and more visuals. Letter of intent assignment and overall course grades were similar before and after podcast implementation. The use of podcasts as an educational tool in a PGT elective course had a variety of characteristics that students preferred to traditional lecture-style classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and development in the area of Ambient Assisted Living has been undertaken for many years. The aim of Ambient assisted Living is to manage the risks due to aging and living alone so that the older person can remain in their familiar home environment longer. Despite the many years of research and development there is apparently only limited uptake in the real world. Some researchers have suggested that insufficient focus on user needs, focus on the technology not the user, little concern for ethical issues in deployment, and lack of user-centered system design are causes for the limited uptake. These and other reasons should be understood else it is likely that when further systems are developed they too will not be accepted. Subsequently, the aim of the present research is to explore the issues that affected the uptake of the Assistive Technology and Ambient Assisted Living systems that are currently in Australian homes. Due to privacy concerns and commercial confidentiality issues, this has proven difficult, so an innovative approach is being used to obtain data. Some preliminary information has emerged from the ongoing data gathering that indicates that specific Assistive Technology is being used but little consideration has been given to Ambient Assisted Living. This appears due to differing perceptions of usefulness. To improve the perception of Ambient Assisted Living systems usefulness we are developing simple devices that target specific needs raised by potential users. Through using such devices, appreciation of the usefulness of comprehensive home Ambient Assisted Living systems may increase. The devices are specifically low-cost to encourage trial and are designed with a user-centered approach that incorporates important earlier researchers' findings regarding older people and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weaponization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models in cybersecurity is a growing concern, with cybercriminal organizations and nation-states exploiting their weaknesses. The Microsoft "Tay" chatbot incident exemplifies the risks of weaponized AI, as it displayed sexist and racist behaviors due to malicious data inputs. The researcher examined 21 academic studies on AI weaponization and AI-driven cyberattacks in this systematic review. This work, a systematic review, concludes with an in-depth understanding of the scale and scope of using AI as a cyber weapon. The findings revealed that more research is necessary on weaponizing AI for offensive cybersecurity applications and the following key observations (a) a connection between AI weaponization and countermeasures, (b) AI's role in enhancing cybersecurity defenses, (c) AI weaponization offering mitigation strategies for protecting digital assets and infrastructure, and (d) AI-driven attacks exploiting vulnerabilities, enabling automation and scalability, facilitating data poisoning and manipulation, improving social engineering, and augmenting evasion obfuscation. This study contributes to a better understanding of AI weaponization and aids researchers in synthesizing current literature on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) rely on internet resources for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information. Interactive tools are promising in health education, yet existing SRH websites do not contain validated resources to support AYAs in contraception decision-making. "Teen Health" is an original, interactive educational website designed for AYAs that includes a novel contraception education tool (CET). A convenience sample of pregnancy-capable patients aged 13-25 years were recruited during scheduled appointments at outpatient clinics affiliated with a tertiary children's hospital from January to June 2022. Electronic surveys evaluated participants' contraception preferences before and after website exposure. CET results were reported in the post-website exposure survey. Written feedback was solicited after website exposure. One hundred and twenty-eight participants with a mean age of 15.95 years (SD 1.93) participated in this study. Participant demographic characteristics were notable for diverse representation of gender identities and sexual preferences. Contraception preferences before and after website exposure differed significantly (P <.001). Oral contraceptive pills were the most commonly selected contraception method both before and after website exposure. There was a significant relationship between CET results and post-website contraception preference. Many participants asked for additional topics in adolescent health to be featured on "Teen Health." This study demonstrates the feasible implementation and utility of an interactive, teen-friendly SRH educational tool for AYAs. Further study of this website's utility may include broadening the research population to include other languages, clinical institutions, and educational settings; non-contraceptive uses for this resource; and contraception selection outcomes after exposure to this website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the results of a technology-integrated intervention on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and energy-dense snack intake with third graders experiencing low income. A 2 × 2 quasi-randomized cluster-block, parallel-group experimental research design. Low-income schools in Rhode Island. Two-hundred seventeen intervention and 242 control third-grade students in low-income (89.6% and 88.2% free/reduced meals, respectively), ethnically and racially diverse (63% Hispanic/20% Black and 62% Hispanic/18% Black, respectively) schools. A 13-week in-school program held once per week for 1 hour. The hands-on, technology-integrated program used a modified version of the Body Quest: Food of the Warrior curriculum. Intake of SSB and energy-dense snacks, both salty and sweet snacks, using baseline (week 1) and postassessment (week 13) previous day self-recall. Generalized mixed modeling with nesting. Intervention students significantly reduced their SSB intake by 38% (0.5 times/d; F[1, 540] = 4.26; P = 0.04) and salty snack intake by 58% (0.8 times/d; F[1, 534] = 6.58, P < 0.01) from baseline to postassessment as compared with the control students. Findings suggest a technology-integrated curriculum is effective in decreasing SSB and salty snacks in elementary-aged students of low-income, minoritized populations. Improved dietary habits can potentially influence other facets of students' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With continued evolution in stereotactic techniques and an expanding armamentarium of surgical therapeutic options, non-craniotomy stereotactic procedures in neuro-oncology are becoming increasingly complex, often requiring multi-trajectory approaches. Here we demonstrate that the ClearPoint SmartFrame Array (Solana Beach, California, USA), a second-generation magnetic resonance imaging–compatible stereotactic frame, supports such non-craniotomy, multi-trajectory (NCMT) stereotactic procedures. We previously published case reports demonstrating the feasibility of NCMT through the ClearPoint SmartFrame Array. Here we prospectively followed the next 10 consecutive patients who underwent such multi-trajectory procedures to further establish procedural safety and clinical utility. Ten patients underwent complex, multi-trajectory stereotactic procedures, including combinations of needle biopsy ± cyst drainage and laser interstitial thermal therapy targeting geographically distinct regions of neoplastic lesions under the same anesthetic event. The median maximal radial error of stereotaxis was 1.0 mm. In all cases, definitive diagnosis was achieved, and >90% of the intended targets were ablated. The average stereotaxis time for the multi-trajectory procedure was 119 ± 22.2 minutes, comparing favorably to our previously published results of single-trajectory procedures (80 ± 9.59 minutes, P = 0.125). There were no procedural complications. Post-procedure, the neurologic condition of 1 patient improved, while the remaining 9 patients remained stable. All patients were discharged home, with a median hospital stay of 1 day (range: 1–12 days). With a median follow-up of 376 days (range: 155–1438 days), there were no 30-day readmissions or wound complications. Geographically distinct regions of brain cancer can be safely and accurately accessed through the ClearPoint Array frame in NCMT stereotactic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors contributing to different levels of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption by librarians and their patrons need clarifying in the context of literature reviews. This paper addresses this need by exploring the transformative impact of AI on literature reviews, particularly within academic librarianship in the health sciences. Drawing on literature and professional experience, it examines how AI is reshaping reviews, potentially extending their meaning beyond text-based sources to accommodate multimedia content and predictive insights. While highlighting AI's promise in enhancing research efficiency and comprehensiveness, the paper also notes the lack of documentation of AI's uptake for literature reviews, perhaps reflecting concerns over reliability and biases. Proposed strategies for moving forward include matching different literature reviews with the most appropriate AI systems. This alignment guides librarians and researchers in navigating the complexities of AI adoption, using human oversight to ensure the integrity and quality of AI content. The paper underscores the importance of education, training, and continuous consultation to promote trustworthy and responsible AI utilization. This pathway foresees more robust outcomes from literature reviews in domains like health care in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a common orthopedic procedure for which there are anatomic TSA (aTSA) and reverse TSA (rTSA) options. The current study aimed to characterize the 2011-2020 utilization trends of aTSA and rTSA as well as assess and compare perioperative outcomes using a large, national, multi-insurance administrative data set. Data were utilized from the 2011 through 2020 M151 PearlDiver database. Trends in usage of aTSA relative to rTSA were characterized. For the more recent years (2015 through 2020), after 1:1 matching of patients based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, perioperative outcomes and surgeon volume were compared for the two procedures with univariable and multivariable analyses. From 2011 through 2020, a total of 148,231 TSAs were identified (aTSA 57,680 [38.9%]; rTSA 90,551 [61.1%]). Over this period, the yearly overall incidence of TSAs being performed increased from 5890 to 23,215 (an increase of 394.1%) and the percent of TSA being performed with rTSA increased from 31.4% to 74.9%. The increased percentage of rTSA was accounted for by increased numbers of rTSA, as opposed to decreased aTHA. When assessing patients from the more recent years (2015-2020), those undergoing rTSA were older, more female, and had a higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (P <.0001 for each). After matching for these criteria, 33,582 were available from each of the subcohorts for comparing perioperative outcomes. Of these matched patients, those undergoing rTSA (compared to aTSA) were of independently greater odds for: transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 1.92), wound dehiscence (OR 1.54), any adverse event (OR 1.29), sepsis (OR 1.46), acute kidney infection (OR 1.35), pneumonia (OR 1.30), urinary tract infection (OR 1.28), and severe adverse events (OR 1.16). For surgeon volume, there was a long right-tail where the average ± standard deviation was more than twice the median for both rTSA (average: 40.7 ± 78.9; median: 16 [39]) and aTSA (average: 39.2 ± 56.3; median: 18 [39]). From 2011 to 2020, the number of TSAs performed yearly increased by 394.1%, of which rTSA increased from 31.4% to 74.9%. This shows that rTSA has been a disruptive technology in TSA because it has expanded the TSA patient population. There were increased perioperative adverse events associated with rTSA vs. aTSA, which is not explained by patient demographics or comorbidities. Given the rapid adoption of rTSA and the low average annual volume of this procedure performed per surgeon (<7), the effect of surgeon volume on perioperative outcome following rTSA merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the utilization of total shoulder arthroplasty continues to grow, surgeons are facing increasingly complex reconstructive challenges both in the primary and revision settings. Proper implant positioning, particularly of the glenoid, is paramount to achieving a good result and avoiding devastating complications and early failure. Historically, surgeons have been able to use plain radiographs and 2-dimensional computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning. Recently, preoperative planning software based on 3-dimensional CT (3D CT) has revolutionized the surgeons' ability to visualize glenoid deformity and bone stock, plan corrective procedures for abnormal version, and visualize component position. Commercially available preoperative templating software based on 3D CT has been shown to be more accurate and reliable than 2D CT in calculating glenoid version and inclination, and accurately predicts implant size. Patient-specific instrumentation can be developed from the 3D reconstruction, allowing surgeons to accurately execute the preoperative plan and implant the prosthesis to match a patient's unique anatomy. Robotic-assisted surgery, intraoperative navigation, and augmented reality technology show promise in providing real-time intraoperative feedback in order to maximize surgical accuracy and efficiency while ultimately improving patient-reported outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No international recommendations exist for a minimum imaging requirement per lesion using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). This may be beneficial given the increasing use of remote RCM interpretation internationally. To develop international expert recommendations for image acquisition using tissue-coupled RCM for diagnosis of cutaneous tumors. Using a modified Delphi approach, a core group developed the scope and drafted initial recommendations before circulation to a larger group, the Cutaneous Imaging Expert Resource Group of the American Academy of Dermatology. Each review round consisted of a period of open comment, followed by revisions. The recommendations were developed after 5 alternating rounds of review among the core group and the Cutaneous Imaging Expert Resource Group. These were divided into subsections of imaging personnel, recommended lesion criteria, clinical and lesion information to be provided, lesion preparation, image acquisition, mosaic cube settings, and additional captures based on lesion characteristics and suspected diagnosis. The current recommendations are limited to tissue-coupled RCM for diagnosis of cutaneous tumors. It is one component of the larger picture of quality assurance and will require ongoing review. These recommendations serve as a resource to facilitate quality assurance, economical use of time, accurate diagnosis, and international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in genomics have had a significant impact on our ability to diagnose and treat several health conditions, notably cancer. In this article, we discuss the evolution of genomic methods from the early first-generation genome sequencing methods such as Sanger sequencing to the latest technology. We also discuss how clinicians can decide which test to use depending on what type of result is required. We discuss the clinical significance of genomic testing including identification of cancer predispositions syndromes, the role of genomics in accurately diagnosing a number of cancers, as well as the utility of genomic data to predict response to targeted therapies. Finally, we detail some of the targeted therapies currently available to treat the various types of childhood cancers. The expansion of genomic testing within the NHS and the essential nature of genomic data to accurately diagnose and optimally treat childhood cancers also poses challenges to the healthcare system both in terms of infrastructure and personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac surgery has undergone profound changes since Ludwig Rehn successfully repaired a right ventricular stab wound in 1896. The following century saw the rapid development of open-heart surgery, with minimally invasive surgical approaches following suit. Traditionally, sternotomy has been the incision of choice for cardiac surgical procedures, but technological advances have been applied to develop non-sternotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic approaches. Parallel to surgical innovation, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and transcatheter valve replacement procedures have offered important alternatives to surgery, currently reserved for specific patient subgroups. Despite the availability of catheter-based techniques, cardiac surgery remains relevant to the majority of our patients presenting with coronary artery disease or valvular pathologies and therefore coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and surgical valve replacement constitute a substantial part of our daily practice. In this article we discuss the relevance of surgical options and highlight the most up-to-date surgical techniques and innovations, with a focus on the advances of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) offer potential solutions for addressing mental health care gaps, but often suffer from low engagement. Text messaging is one promising medium for increasing access and sustaining user engagement with DMHIs. This paper examines the Small Steps SMS program, an 8-week, automated, adaptive text message-based intervention for depression and anxiety. We conducted an 8-week longitudinal usability test of the Small Steps SMS program, recruiting 20 participants who met criteria for major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder. Participants used the automated intervention for 8 weeks and completed symptom severity and usability self-report surveys after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention use. Participants also completed individual interviews to provide feedback on the intervention. Participants responded to automated messages on 70 % of study days and with 85 % of participants sending responses to messages in the 8th week of use. Usability surpassed established cutoffs for software that is considered acceptable. Depression symptom severity decreased significantly over the usability test, but reductions in anxiety symptoms were not significant. Participants noted key areas for improvement including addressing message volume, aligning message scheduling to individuals' availability, and increasing the customizability of content. This study does not contain a control group. An 8-week automated interactive text messaging intervention, Small Steps SMS, demonstrates promise with regard to being a feasible, usable, and engaging method to deliver daily mental health support to individuals with symptoms of anxiety and depression. • Daily interactive SMS is acceptable for supporting affective self-management skills. • A personalized automated SMS intervention supports sustained engagement (8 weeks). • An SMS-based mental health intervention is associated with reductions in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose the application of strategic analysis tools to design an educational program. Findings are based on the case of the Master in Innovative Manufacturing Systems (MIMS), a unique training offer to achieve a multidisciplinary expertise in smart manufacturing, in a two-year program simulating the journey of innovation. Building on novel educational paradigms and recent developments in the area of manufacturing, the main goal of the program is to provide the European industry with outstanding experts willing, able, and trained to bring novel solutions that address relevant societal challenges. Special emphasis is placed on real-world contexts and proactive activities, as well as strategies to continuously update the program. We aim to contribute to the educational facet of smart manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 80% of global trade is transported by sea, so ports must adjust to sustain competitiveness in the market. For this, ports are making a transition from traditional ports to digital ports, incorporating technology, giving rise to the concept of "Smart Port". Considering the relevance and novelty of this topic, that researchers are trying to investigate, the main objective of this work is to contribute to it by answering the question: "What is known about smart ports around the world?", with a focus on the impacts of smart ports on sustainable development goals (SDG) 8 (decent work and economic growth), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure) and 11 (sustainable cities and communities). Thus, a Google search was carried out on the different websites of port authorities and maritime data solutions, to perform a benchmarking of what is already a reality regarding existing smart ports. Therefore, this study has contributions both at the theoretical level, by identifying good practices in terms of technology and initiatives, to bring knowledge to the academia about what already exists in smart ports, and at the practical level, by helping other seaports to advance in the digital state and become more intelligent, providing ideas for the implementation of initiatives that allow the modernization of ports (contributing to sustainability in different dimensions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adapting to the ever-increasing digital business dynamics by leveraging digital technologies to improve operations is one of the key goals for almost any modern business. In this process of change, businesses need to update their ways of doing business and design new models, to avoid falling behind in competition with their rivals. Digital maturity models play a crucial role in guiding organizations in their approach to digital transformation, outlining the typical ways in which these transformations are accomplished. In this study, the development of digital maturity models, which are becoming more important day by day in today's business world conditions, is examined. Within the scope of the study, 42 maturity models were examined, criteria-based comparisons of the models were made, and priority areas and trends were analyzed. Thus, it is aimed to better understand the development of digital maturity models and to guide future studies by determining current model trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the barriers and facilitators to online food purchasing through a meal kit and grocery shopping website titled NY SNAP Express among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries. A purposive sample of SNAP-eligible adults residing in New York State participated in interviews guided by the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behaviors Model. Barriers to online food purchasing among participants (n = 32) include physiological and health conditions, the weight of food, technology, language, the price of foods, transportation challenges, the stigma associated with SNAP, and concerns regarding the quantity and quality of meal kits. Facilitators include health and nutrition improvements, knowledge and skills, saving money, culturally relevant meals, increased efficiency in food purchases and preparation, and customization. Online platforms such as NY SNAP Express have the potential to increase nutritious food access and resources among SNAP recipients; however, improvements are necessary to meet the needs of its audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health emergencies, especially pandemics, need to be managed globally, and on several levels, emphasizing the importance of leadership, communication, and synchronization of measures, data, and management plans in contrast to the management of the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, which illustrated diverse strategies employed by various nations. This paper aims to review and discuss whether globalized diseases in a globalized world should be managed by globalized public health. Using a systematic literature search, followed by a non-systematic literature review, selected studies were grouped into topics, and analyzed, using content analysis to enhance the conclusive results. The results present a roadmap towards a re-envisioned framework highlighting key areas of focus: data-driven decision-making, robust technology infrastructure, global cooperation, and ongoing public health education, as part of a coordinated global response. This article reveals the weaknesses of current pandemic management systems and recommends new steps to further strengthen the management of future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Internet interventions promise to tackle late-life depression. • Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy was the most common psychotherapy. • Guided-based therapies are more effective and ensure superior adherence than self-directed. • Virtual community can promote communication, support, and collaboration. • Mood and progress tracking, timed reminders, and gamification increased engagement. Depression is prevalent among older adults, and internet-delivered psychological interventions (IDPIs) have emerged as a promising solution. To explore the landscape of IDPIs for late-life depression, examining current characteristics, psychotherapies, intervention strategies, facilitators, and barriers. Guided by a PRISMA-guided scoping review, we systematically searched five electronic databases. 25 relevant studies were identified. IDPIs were used for treatment, prevention, and assessment. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy was the most common psychotherapy. Seven strategies to provide tailored services include psychotherapy courses, professional involvement, mood and progress tracking, virtual community, timed reminders, additional learning resources, and gamification elements. Barriers contained cognitive impairment, low digital literacy, device inaccessibility, limited depression awareness, adherence issues, and acclimation time, while facilitators included prior treatment experience, real-life character stories, strong client-worker bonds, and integration into daily care routines. IDPIs present an accessible and convenient avenue for older adults. Future directions suggest exploring minimalist interventions, diverse strategies, and optimized implementation to amplify IDPIs impact among this vulnerable group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of mortality after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has been described historically. However, many advances in microsurgical treatment have since emerged, and most available data are outdated. We analyzed the incidence of mortality after microsurgical treatment of patients with UIAs treated in the past decade. The medical records of all patients with UIAs who underwent elective treatment at our large quaternary center from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed mortality at discharge and 1-year follow-up as the primary outcome using univariate to multivariable progression with P < 0.20 inclusion. During the 7-year study period, 488 patients (mean [SD] age = 58 [12] years) had UIAs treated microsurgically. Of these patients, 61 (12.5%) had a prior subarachnoid hemorrhage. One patient (0.2%) with a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysm died while hospitalized, and 7 other patients (8 total; 1.6%) were determined to have died at 1-year follow-up (1 trauma, 2 myocardial infarction, 2 cerebrovascular accident, 1 pulmonary embolism, and 1 subdural hematoma complicated by abscess). On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for mortality at follow-up included diabetes mellitus, preoperative anticoagulant or antiplatelet use, aneurysm calcification, nonsaccular aneurysm, and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades (all P < 0.03). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, only nonsaccular aneurysms and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades were predictors of mortality. A low mortality rate is associated with recent microsurgical treatment of UIAs. However, nonsaccular aneurysms and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades appear to be predictors of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this case-control study was to quantify any association of daily activity behaviors and relative changes in activity patterns (lying time, lying bouts, step count, activity index) with diarrhea status in preweaning dairy calves. Individually housed calves sourced from auction were health-scored daily for signs of diarrhea (fecal consistency loose or watery for 2 consecutive days) for the 28 d after arrival. Calves with diarrhea were pair-matched with healthy controls (n = 13, matched by arrival date, arrival weight, and diagnosis days to diarrheic calves). Mixed linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of diarrhea status, and the diarrhea status by day interaction with activity behaviors (d −3 to d 4) and relative changes in activity patterns (d −3 to d 4) relative to diagnosis of a diarrhea bout. The serum Brix percentage at arrival and daily temperature-humidity index from the calf barn were explored as quantitative covariates, with day as a repeated measure. The baseline for relative changes in activity patterns was set at 100% on d 0. Diarrheic calves were less active; they averaged fewer steps (119.1 ± 18.81 steps/d) than healthy calves (227.4 ± 18.81 steps/d, LSM ± SEM). Diarrheic calves also averaged lower activity indices (827.34 ± 93.092 daily index) than healthy calves (1,396.32 ± 93.092 daily index). We also found also a diarrhea status by day interaction for lying time on d −3, with diarrheic calves spending more time lying (20.80 ± 0.300 h/d) than healthy calves (19.25 ± 0.300 h/d). For relative changes in activity patterns, a diarrhea status by day interaction was detectable on d −2, where diarrheic calves had greater relative changes in step counts (diarrhea 634.85 ± 87.581% vs. healthy 216.51 ± 87.581%) and activity index (diarrhea 316.83 ± 35.692% vs. healthy 150.68 ± 35.692%). Lying bouts were not associated with diarrhea status. These results show that diarrheic calves were more lethargic, and they had relative changes in activity patterns 2 d before clinical signs of diarrhea. Future research should explore the potential of an activity alert that positively indicates an individually housed calf at risk for a diarrhea bout using deviations from relative changes in individual calf activity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Applications that display enforcement locations are widespread. • Such applications can undermine enforcement. • The applications may also make drivers more aware of enforcement. • 73 applications that display enforcement locations were identified. • Those that use the applications were more willing to speed. Introduction: One of the primary countermeasures in place to prevent road rule violations is legal enforcement, yet there are numerous applications that can undermine such efforts by notifying drivers of enforcement locations. However, the capabilities of these applications and how they can impact offending behavior is currently unknown. Method: Two studies were conducted to understand which of these applications are being used by drivers and how these applications are impacting road rule violations. Study 1 consisted of a content analysis that involved searching the Google Play Store and Apple iTunes Store for applications that could be used to avoid road rule violations using pre-determined keywords. Meanwhile, Study 2 consisted of 468 licensed Australian drivers (54.5% males) over the age of 17 years (M age = 35 years) who completed a survey. Results: A total of 73 applications were identified for Study 1, with most of the applications displaying speed camera locations. It was found that applications that notify drivers of traffic enforcement locations are widely prevalent, can be used on a variety of interfaces and include numerous additional features. Study 2 found that those who use the applications were more willing to speed than those who do not use the applications, while there was no difference in phone use while driving between those who do and do not use the applications. Practical Applications : The findings have important implications for stakeholders, policy, and future research. For example, it is suggested that specific functions of these applications need to be regulated to reduce road rule violations and crash risk. Meanwhile, enforcement initiatives need to evolve at a faster rate to keep up to date with the changing technology that can undermine them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the changing landscape of abortion access, we sought to understand where adolescents and young adults retrieve information about abortion online. A nationwide sample (n = 638) of 14- to 24-year-olds responded to a qualitative text message survey in July 2022 regarding websites or social media they would use for abortion-related information. Open-ended responses were coded and analyzed for themes. Forty-six percent of respondents (n = 234) named specific websites or accounts of known organizations or individuals; 14% named general clinical or governmental resources; and 13% named social media platforms. Eight percent expressed skeptical sentiments about online abortion information. 17% (n = 99) said they were not sure or did not have an opinion. Many adolescents and young adults could name an online resource for abortion information, but some are not aware of specific resources, underscoring a need to elevate reputable sources and provide guidance on how and where to look for accurate online abortion-related information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoulder arthroplasty has seen a rapid increase in the volume of cases performed annually which has led to the development of novel technologies aimed to optimize patient outcomes. Several of these include intraoperative guidance, custom implants, and machine learning. A literature review of the current literature was performed to evaluate the impact of technology in the role of total shoulder arthroplasty. The current literature demonstrates that there may be some in vitro benefit or early clinical safety and efficacy. However, there is a lack of data to show any obvious or significant clinical superiority of using these technologies compared to conventional techniques. These technologies can and should be leveraged into data which can optimize future patient selection, individualize patient plans, guide patient expectations, assist surgeons with implant selection, enhance indications between anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and improve surgeon confidence, which may translate into better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in the ability of machine learning to predict outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty. Machine learning is the use of computer systems that can adapt and learn by using algorithms to draw statistical significance and predictions from data. Multiple studies have shown that machine learning algorithms can help predict postoperative outcomes, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), range of motion, complications, and unplanned readmissions. Ultimately, the promise of machine learning in shoulder arthroplasty is to improve patient risk stratification, procedure selection, and long-term outcomes. Modern algorithms rely on numerous input variables, although recent efforts seek to reduce the required number of variables to improve efficiency and decrease the clinical burden. A review of recent machine learning studies allows for a deeper understanding of the potential use of predictive analytics in improving outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of technology has increased over the last decade across all surgical specialties. Robotics is the ultimate tool and can accomplish accuracy and consistency for surgeons executing their preoperative plan. In orthopedic surgery, robotic-assisted knee and hip arthroplasty techniques have experienced rapid growth, and the next field of interest is, without a doubt, shoulder arthroplasty. While the survival rates extend to over 90% at 10 years of follow-up and overall satisfaction rates are very high, some report that up to 10% of the patients with a shoulder replacement remain dissatisfied with their postoperative range of motion and overall functional outcome. There have been numerous advances in implant designs and materials as well as the introduction of enhanced recovery programs, however, reported patient outcomes, and reoperation rates may not always have significantly benefited from those advances in shoulder arthroplasty over the last two decades. Lately, the digitalization of shoulder arthroplasty has drawn a lot of attention with the intent to improve the correction of joint deformities and component implantation, possibly leading to enhanced patient outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty. The potential benefits of shoulder robots are multiple. First, by converting data from imaging or intraoperative anatomy mapping, a patient-specific 3-dimensional representation of the joint may facilitate surgical planning and subsequent boundary control for the bony resections, reaming, and implant positioning. Second, the system may allow intraoperative assessment of the range of motion and joint stability. Third, research may be facilitated and encouraged by supporting case-by-case data collection. This next evolution in surgical technology aims to make shoulder replacements accurate and reproducible in both easy and challenging shoulders and usable by both low-volume and highly experienced surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over six million people were hospitalized with COVID-19, leading to modifications in nursing care nationwide. The pandemic revolutionized health care, prioritizing technology-driven, innovative, and interdisciplinary care approaches to improve quality and safety and connect patients and families. Nursing leaders' knowledge of managing health-care change provided stability and validated the nursing profession. • Over six million people were hospitalized with COVID-19, leading to modifications in nursing care nationwide. • The pandemic revolutionized health care. • Nursing leaders managed health-care change, provided stability, and validated the nursing profession. • Nursing leaders were transformational in advancing hospitals and outpatient care by mitigating risks of workflow redesign, bed capacity management, and technology deployment in inventive ways. • They were the voice of the front-line staff and would translate to senior leadership the true impact of the dynamic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface-coated cavitation devices, vortex diode (SCVD) have been reported for the first time for enhancing efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC). Two surface-coated cavitation reactors using coating of copper and nickel (∼50 µm) were evaluated, also comparing results with conventional reactor vortex diode. The proof of concept is successfully demonstrated for complete degradation of two model organic pollutants, antibiotics- cephalexin (CFX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The surface-coated reactors provide dual activity, and the catalytic effect is highly pronounced with process intensification using H 2 O 2 and/ or pH alternations. Integration of SCVD, pH and H 2 O 2 was the most effective strategy. Complete degradation of the antibiotics was achieved within minutes with H 2 O 2 (∼1000 molar ratio) for both Cu and Ni- surface-coated cavitation reactors compared to lower degradation of ∼19% for CFX and ∼37% for CIP using only HC. An excellent enhancement of over 300% for CFX degradation at pH 11 and ∼170% for CIP degradation at pH 4 was obtained. Huge enhancements in per-pass degradation and cavitational yields (up to 400 times) clearly highlight the utility of the surface-coated cavitation reactors in various applications and for cost-effectiveness. [Display omitted] • New surface-coated cavitation reactors for increased reaction rates and efficiency. • Coating of suitable catalytic metals in newer cavitation devices for dual activity. • High synergism, synergistic coefficient ∼180, in new reactors- vortex diode. • Huge enhancements in cavitational yield/ degradation for Cu/ Ni-coated vortex diode. • New reactors as viable alternative to existing devices with exemplary improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Teacher talk and technology use affect children's computational thinking processes • Teacher talk affects children's problem understanding and action sequences • Teachers' open questions aid children's logical organization of ideas and actions • Learn types of teacher talk to elicit children's computational thinking processes Although studies have shown that computational thinking (CT) can enhance learning processes and outcomes across traditional subjects, they have not shown how teachers might scaffold children's CT processes in a technology-mediated learning context. This exploratory study examined how teacher talk and technologies impacted the CT of three children (6 to 8 years old). Seven videotaped 90-minute sessions of weekly project-based activities yielded 4,842 turns of talk (2,974 by children). Statistical discourse analysis revealed the following results. After a teacher command, the children more often executed a sequence of actions toward a solution but less often demonstrated problem understanding than otherwise. Following a teacher's open question, the children were more likely to offer logically organized ideas. In response to a teacher's rhetorical question, they more often searched for information. These results inform educators regarding when to use each type of teacher talk to scaffold children's CT processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data collection and analysis (DCA) for preschoolers is developmentally appropriate. • DCA integrates math and computational thinking to answer real-world questions with a problem solving approach. • An app can scaffold DCA for preschoolers and their teachers. • Children who completed the intervention had significantly higher post-test scores. • Teachers' comfort and confidence to teacher DCA increased during the intervention. Collecting and organizing data to understand and answer real-world questions is an increasingly important skill in our current world. Fostering data collection and analysis (DCA) skills in young children leverages key mathematics skills as well as the data representation, visualization, and interpretation skills of computational thinking (CT), culminating in a problem-solving approach with data. As such, the intervention, comprising investigations and a digital app, supported preschool teachers and children to answer data-focused questions by engaging in each step of the DCA process in order to foster CT and math skills. Teachers appreciated that the app offers a new way for children to visualize data and noted that the app provided learning opportunities for children that would not otherwise be possible or easy to implement. Results also suggest that the app provides a systematic process for data collection, entry, and interpretation. Children in classrooms that completed the intervention had significantly higher scores at post-intervention compared to children in classrooms that did not complete the intervention, controlling for pre-intervention scores, B(SE) = 0.13(0.05), t (6) = 2.48, p =.048. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second article in a planned series analyzing global trends in low-carbon hydrogen production to give worldwide scientists and experts the current stage of knowledge on essential technologies at the period of their industrial emergence. The comparative analysis of global world trends in hydrogen production is based on the data presented in the International Energy Agency (IEA). The article systematically expands the data in the IEA database till October 2021 by including unconsidered projects from the IEA database till October 2022. The data are verified using more than 1000 information sources. The article analyzes 789 completed, ongoing, and planned hydrogen projects in 61 countries with known timeframes between 1975 and 2038 years regarding location, timeframe, hydrogen production technology, end product, end-use sector, electrolysis installed capacity, and zero-carbon estimated normalized production capacity. The results provide changed, confirmed and new trends in hydrogen production up to the 2038. The change in the results while considering 126 electrolysis and 10 non-electrolysis projects with unknown timeframes are discussed. State-of-the-art of studies in the hydrogen energy field relating to hydrogen production projects is provided based on open sources. • 789 projects for hydrogen production in 61 countries are reviewed (IEA data). • More than 1000 additional references identify key projects' characteristics. • Classification of projects in 1975–2038 according to crucial characteristics is done. • Changes in the general trends of low carbon hydrogen production are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federal food assistance programs are working towards online grocery shopping. Online ordering in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is emerging following successful implementation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). To identify anticipated challenges, potential solutions, and expected costs of WIC online ordering. Cross-sectional, mixed-methods, web-based, survey research. Data were collected from December 2020 to January 2021. Purposeful and snowball sampling included WIC stakeholders involved in developing processes and systems required for WIC online ordering. Respondents represented diverse geographic areas, levels of intraorganizational authority, and WIC benefit card types. The research team used a rapid analysis and lean coding approach to identify emergent themes from open-ended survey responses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the distribution of responses across themes and stakeholder types. Respondents (n = 145) described 812 anticipated challenges within 20 themes grouped into five topic areas: rules and regulations; shopping experience; security, confidentiality, fraud, and WIC State agency processes; training, assistance, and education; and equitable access and buy-in. Addressing anticipated regulatory issues were among the few concrete potential solutions described. The two most frequent costs reported were increased staff time and start-up and ongoing technology costs. This study identified several, critical anticipated challenges and considerations that will help prepare WIC state agencies for opportunities to expand online ordering to WIC participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is periodised circuit training delivered via a telerehabilitation model of care as effective as the same training applied face-to-face for improving pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, body composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA)? Randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred adults aged ≥ 40 years with knee OA and pain for ≥ 3 months, with current pain ≥ 40 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The experimental group received 14 weeks of circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation using video recordings, followed by periodic phone calls in order to motivate and instruct participants. The control group received the same circuit training program in a face-to-face format. The primary outcomes were pain VAS and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function subscale, measured at 14 weeks. Secondary outcomes included objective physical function, strength, pain catastrophising and morphological measures (muscle architecture and thigh and body composition). Outcomes were measured at 14 and 26 weeks. Periodised circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation had equivalent effects to face-to-face delivery for pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, thigh composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture. Whole body composition did not change appreciably in either group. Adherence to the training was excellent and participants in each group reported good perceptions of their randomised intervention. A periodised circuit training protocol can be delivered to people with knee OA in their own homes, using available technology while maintaining high levels of acceptability. More importantly, telerehabilitation appears to cause non-inferior physical and functional outcomes to face-to-face rehabilitation programs. RBR-662hn2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dutch government implemented the apps 'CoronaMelder' and 'CoronaCheck' to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. They faced many questions on how to responsibly implement such technologies. Here, we aim to develop an assessment framework to support the Dutch national government with the responsible design and implementation of technologies for the prevention of future infectious diseases. Three-stage web-based Delphi process. The assessment framework was developed through two research phases. During the Initial Design phase, a conceptual version of the assessment framework was developed through a scoping review and semistructured interviews with a scientific board. The Consensus phase involved a three-stage web-based Delphi process with an expert community. The final assessment framework consists of five development phases, 10 values, and a total of 152 questions. Technology assessment frameworks help policymakers to make informed decisions and contribute to the responsible implementation of technologies in society. The framework is now available for the Dutch government and other stakeholders to use in future pandemics. We discuss the possibilities of using the framework transnationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the development of technology in anaesthesia over the course of the past century, from the invention of the Boyle apparatus to the modern anaesthetic workstation with artificial intelligence assistance. We define the operating theatre as a socio-technical system, being necessarily comprised of human and technological parts, the ongoing development of which has led to a reduction in mortality during anaesthesia by an order of four magnitudes over a century. The remarkable technological advances in anaesthesia have been accompanied by important paradigm shifts in the approach to patient safety, and we describe the inter-relationship between technology and the human work environment in the development of such paradigm shifts, including the systems approach and organisational resilience. A better understanding of emerging technological advances and their effects on patient safety will allow anaesthesia to continue to be a leader in both patient safety and in the design of equipment and workspaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging evidence has demonstrated the vital role of metabolism in various diseases or disorders. Metabolomics provides a comprehensive understanding of metabolism in biological systems. With advanced analytical techniques, metabolomics exhibits unprecedented significant value in basic drug research, including understanding disease mechanisms, identifying drug targets, and elucidating the mode of action of drugs. More importantly, metabolomics greatly accelerates the drug development process by predicting pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug response. In addition, metabolomics facilitates the exploration of drug repurposing and drug-drug interactions, as well as the development of personalized treatment strategies. Here, we briefly review the recent advances in technologies in metabolomics and update our knowledge of the applications of metabolomics in drug research and development. Metabolomics greatly facilitates drug research and development from understanding disease mechanisms and identifying drug targets to predicting drug response and enabling personalized treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]