1. Innovating cancer drug discovery with refined phenotypic screens.
- Author
-
Wang, Zhenyi, Hulikova, Alzbeta, and Swietach, Pawel
- Subjects
- *
DRUG discovery , *HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) , *MEDICAL screening , *DRUG development , *TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Phenotypic screens still produce novel drug discoveries, even though the emergence of the finer molecular details of cancer favors target-focused approaches. Recent efforts to improve the design and power of phenotypic screens have addressed the persistent shortcomings of target-focused discovery, such as those related to heterogeneity, resistance, or redundancy. Innovations in culturing patient-derived cancer cells in a tumor-relevant microenvironment have improved the disease relevance of findings. Technological advances for high-throughput screening, ranging from imaging to omics, have increased the information content of readouts and strengthened discovery by phenotype-focused approaches. Before molecular pathways in cancer were known to a depth that could predict targets, drug development relied on phenotypic screening, where the effectiveness of candidate chemicals is judged from functional readouts without considering the mechanisms of action. The unraveling of tumor-specific pathways has brought targets for molecularly driven drug discovery, but precedents in the field have shown that awareness of pathways does not necessarily predict therapeutic efficacy, and many cancers still lack druggable targets. Phenotypic screening therefore retains a niche in drug development where a targeted approach is not informative. We analyze the unique advantages of phenotypic screens, and how technological advances have improved their discovery power. Notable advances include the use of larger biological panels and refined protocols that address the disease-relevance and increase data content with imaging and omic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF