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Abstract: Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) generate progenitors which in turn give rise to neuroblasts. These neuroblasts then migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in chains and reach the olfactory bulb (OB), where they mature into local interneurons. Interneurons in the OB are heterogeneous, which are mainly located in granular cell layer (GCL), external plexiform layer (EPL) and glomerular layer (GL). In this study, we show that green fluorescent protein-expressing (GFP+) cells in the SVZ and RMS of the 5HT3aR-BACEGFP transgenic mouse exclusively express transcription factor Sp8 which is expressed in lateral ganglionic embryonic eminence (LGE) and postnatal SVZ. These GFP+ neuroblasts of the 5HT3aR-BACEGFP transgenic mouse migrate along the RMS to the OB where they differentiate into calretinin+ (CR+), parvabumin+ (PV+), vasoactive intestinal peptide+ (VIP+), somatostatin+ (Som+) and tyrosine hydroxylase+ (TH+), but not calbindin+ (CB+) interneurons. These GFP+ interneurons continuously express Sp8 in the OB. Furthermore, these results suggest that GFP-expressing cells are derived from LGE, and this transgenic mouse line will be a useful tool for studying the development and function of interneurons in both neocortex and OB. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We attempted to characterize the genes expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genomewide gene expression profiles of CD4+ T cells, which were isolated from the disease severe activity (T4-1s) and nonactivity (T4-2s) with an SLE patient by using long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE). We picked out 289 genes matching to Unigene cluster with different expression more than four copies between T4-1s and T4-2s libraries and analyzed their roles from the collectedly published articles of PubMed by genes functional clustering. The genes functions were related to a diverse cellular process including: (1) most of these genes were associated with CD4+ T cells functions, particularly related to cellular developments; (2) Ras pathway genes as RANBP10, GMIP, RASGRP2 and ARL5 might be responsible for the abnormal development of CD4+ T cells of SLE; (3) HIG2, TCF7, KHSRP, WWP1, SMAD3, TLK2, AES, CCNI and PIM2 belong to Wnt/beta-catenin way, they could play roles in modulating proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes; (4) uncertain viral infections may initiate autoimmunity because high levels expression genes were detected in T4-1s such as TRIM22, IER2, ABCE1, DUT, G1P2, G1P3, HNRPUL1, EVER2, IFNAR1, TNFSF14, TMP21 and PVRL2; and (5) apoptosis relating genes as EIF3S8, SH3BGRL3, GPX4, TOSO, PFDN5, BIN1, XIAPAF1, TEGT and CUGBP2 may contribute to over uploading of selfantigens in SLE cells. Abnormalities findings of multiple genes expression involving with a variety of CD4+ T cells process might be meaningful to understanding the pathogenesis of SLE, and immature CD4+ T cells may be responsible for SLE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]