1. Reference values for cardiometabolic risk scores in children and adolescents: Suggesting a common standard.
- Author
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Stavnsbo, Mette, Resaland, Geir K., Anderssen, Sigmund A., Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Domazet, Sidsel L., Skrede, Turid, Sardinha, Luis B., Kriemler, Susi, Ekelund, Ulf, Andersen, Lars B., and Aadland, Eivind
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HEART metabolism disorders , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISEASE risk factors , *BLOOD pressure , *CHILDREN'S health , *YOUTH health - Abstract
Abstract Background and aims International reference values for cardiometabolic risk variables, to allow for standardization of continuous risk scores in children, are not currently available. The aim of this study was to provide international age- and gender-specific reference values for cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Methods Cohorts of children sampled from different parts of Europe (North, South, Mid and Eastern) and from the United States were pooled. In total, 22,479 observations (48.7% European vs. 51.3% American), 11,234 from girls and 11,245 from boys, aged 6–18 years were included in the study. Linear mixed-model regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between age and each cardiometabolic risk factor. Results Reference values for 14 of the most commonly used cardiometabolic risk variables in clustered risk scores were calculated and presented by age and gender: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), sum of 4 skinfolds (sum4skin), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC:HDL-C ratio, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-score (HOMA-score), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Conclusions This study suggests a common standard to define cardiometabolic risk in children. Adapting this approach makes single risk factors and clustered cardiometabolic disease risk scores comparable to the reference material itself and comparable to cardiometabolic risk values in studies using the same strategy. This unified approach therefore increases the prospect to estimate and compare prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk in children when using continuous cardiometabolic risk scores. Highlights • Reference values for 14 cardiometabolic risk factors in 6–18 year olds are provided. • Based on 22,479 observations from European and American studies. • Easy to apply to standardize cardiometabolic risk factors. • No similar reference material is available. • Make comparability of continuous clustered risk scores between populations possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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