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Blueprint provides a base for assessment by assigning proportionate weightage to various content areas and helps the paper setter to construct a uniform and valid assessment. This study aimed to design and validate a blueprint for theory in Community Medicine as per the new curriculum for Medical Undergraduates in India. Blueprint in community medicine was designed by assigning impact score (I) and frequency score (F) for the competencies. Blueprint was validated using the Content Validity Index (CVI), and inter-rater agreement for subject experts using Fleiss' kappa statistics was calculated. Feedback from faculty and students was obtained afterward to assess the postimplementation response. Blueprint was designed by an expert group where impact score and frequency score were assigned to 146 competencies in the theory of Community Medicine. In Delphi survey I, 63.2% of subject experts responded, while in Delphi survey II, a response rate of 58.3% was achieved. Value of the Fleiss' Kappa test for an inter-rater agreement was 0.68, i.e. "substantial agreement," while CVI among the raters came out to be 0.86, i.e. overall valid assessment. Feedback of faculty (n = 11) suggested that the blueprint was helpful and standardized the paper setting, whereas feedback from students (n = 138) depicted that it helped in preparing for exams, and they would recommend it to other students. Validated blueprint by consensus of subject experts has impact score and frequency score along with topic-wise distribution of marks for the convenience of faculty and its utility is well proven among learners too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The burn specific health scale-brief (BSHS-B) has found wide acceptance as a quality of life (Qol) assessment tool. However, BSHS has rarely been employed in a very low income country like India, where burns is endemic and burns are more severe.Aim: To modify, culturally adapt and to translate BSHS-B in Hindi.Methods: Five questions were added to the original BSHS-B (40 questions). Two questions on walking and squatting were added to the domain 'simple abilities' which was renamed 'simple abilities and mobility'; a question on itching was added to domain of 'heat sensitivity' which was renamed 'skin sensitivity'; and two questions on family income and assets were added to the domain of 'work', which was renamed 'work and economic impact'. The modified assessment scale was accorded an acronym BSHS-RBA (revised brief and adapted). Twenty patients of thermal burns (mean age 30.95 yr) with mean TBSA burns of 39.75%, and who were between six months to a year from healing of burn wounds were included in this validation study. All questionnaires were filled by interviews.Results: The kappa value for inter-rater variability was 0.748. The Cronbach's α for internal consistency of various domains ranged from 0.443 (simple abilities and mobility) to 0.908 (sexuality), the scale showed good discriminant validity in 31 of 36 domain correlations, which confirms the construct validity of the instrument.Conclusions: BSHS-RBA with five additional items, on mobility, economic impact and itch is a reliable and valid instrument. It is currently seen to be very useful in assessment of Qol in low income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to develop, measure and validate an instrument for barriers to the adoption of circular economy practices in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Using both inductive and deductive approaches, a scale was developed to assess barriers to the adoption of the circular economy practices. Then a structured and rigorous procedure was followed using the survey data of 269 participants selected from different industries in India. The measurement scales were tested and validated using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling using IBM SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 tools. A competing model strategy was used to explore the most parsimonious measurement model that best fits the data. The results confirmed the existence of seven dimensions of barriers to the adoption of circular economy practices. The final instrument demonstrated a satisfactory level of reliability, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. The instrument offers significant theoretical and managerial implications and is expected to assist scholars and practitioners in future empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SLPs have a crucial need to depend on comprehensive clinical swallowing assessments to determine the presence of dysphagia in neonates. A comprehensive clinical swallowing assessment that is ethnoculturally sensitive may help to identify the presence and severity of swallowing problems in neonates. The study aimed to construct and validate the contents of a test for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Indian neonates (TOD-IN). The test for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Indian neonates (TOD-IN) was developed using the Delphi process. Five expert panelists served as participants; two rounds of electronic questionnaire-based survey was carried out to develop and validate the contents of TOD-IN. Round one rendered descriptive data that was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. At the end of round one, panelists unequivocally agreed on the need for research to develop a validated assessment tool for dysphagia in Indian neonates. The second round dealt with establishing the face and content validity of the final version of TOD-IN. A unanimous consensus was obtained regarding the format, scoring system, and the construct of the final version of the tool. Practicing clinicians in India are met with several challenges such as resource constraints, limited infrastructure, increasing caseload, and a lack of trained workforce. We believe that inexperienced clinicians will benefit from the structured guidance provided by TOD-IN in a restrained resource context where prioritization of patients is the key. Further studies investigating the psychometric properties of TOD-IN are in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We examined and compared PTSD-depression typologies across India and U.S. veterans. • Optimal 4-class solution differed in severity and severity/type in India and U.S. samples respectively. • Across cultural samples, classes were similar in number but different in meaning/nature. • Anxiety, number of traumas, and resilience predicted class membership in India sample. • Alcohol use and rumination predicted class membership in U.S. sample. Research has identified heterogeneous subgroups of individuals based on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. Using data collected from military personnel in India (N = 146) and U.S. (N = 194), we examined (1) the best-fitting latent class solution; (2) multi-group invariance of the class solution; and (3) construct validity of optimal class solution. Results indicated that the optimal 4-class solution differed in severity and severity/type in the India and U.S. samples respectively. With similarity in the optimal number of classes across cultural samples, the meaning/nature of classes differed. In the India sample, anxiety severity predicted the Low Severity Class vs. all other classes, and the Moderately High Severity/High Severity Classes vs. the Moderately Low Severity Class; number of traumas predicted the High Severity Class vs. other classes; and resilience predicted the Moderately Low Severity Class vs. the Moderately High Severity Class. In the U.S. sample, alcohol use predicted the High Severity Class vs. all other classes, and the High Depression-Low PTSD Class vs. the Low Severity Class; rumination significantly predicted the High Severity and High Depression-Low PTSD Classes vs. each of the High PTSD-Low Depression and Low Severity Classes. Thus, meaning and nature of PTSD-depression subgroups may vary culturally; hence, culturally-sensitive interventions need to account for this heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]