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The crystallization thermal stability plays an essential role in affecting thermal stress of glass-ceramic sealant for long-term planar-type solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) to prevent fuel leakage during operation. Due to the lack of systematic research on regulating the stable performance of glass-based sealant with the working time at operation temperature, herein, the effect of MgO on crystallization kinetics, phase stability, and thermal and mechanical properties of MgO–BaO–CaO–Al 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (MBCABS) glass-ceramic has been firstly analyzed at heat-treatment of 750 °C with working time of 1∼1000h in this work. Subsequently, the relationship evolution of crystallization thermal stability-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) match-thermal stress was established by Finite Element Method (FEM). The main reasons for the decrease of CTE of MBCABS glass-ceramics with low-content MgO are the precipitation of hexagonal BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 phase and the transformation of hexagonal BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 to low-CTE monoclinic BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 phase, bring about that the Von Mises thermal stress of sealant itself and interface having tripled at 1000h (more than 200 MPa) according to FEM simulation results. The thermal stable and high-CTE BaMgSiO 4 , Ba 8 Mg 16 Si 16 O 56 , and BaCa 2 Mg(SiO 4) 2 phases crystallized in MBCABS glass-ceramics with high-content MgO, therefore the maximum stress at all time parameters was below 100 MPa for 1∼1000h. This study was useful for identifying the optimal phase option and CTE matching of glass-based sealant for efficient and stable long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy3+, Eu3+ co-doped glass ceramics (GCs) containing SrMoO 4 crystalline phase were prepared by melt-curing-crystallization method. The most favorable heat treatment conditions for the glass ceramics were found to be 610 °C/2 h by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best doping concentrations of Dy3+ and Eu3+ in this glass ceramic were 0.8 % and 0.6 %, concentration quenching caused by dipole-dipole interactions occurs when the content of rare earth ions in GCs continues to increase. The chromaticity coordinates of the Dy3+- Eu3+ co-doped glass ceramics changed from cool white light to warm white light with the addition of Eu3+ concentration. At the optimal doping concentration (0.8 % Dy3+-0.6 % Eu3+), the chromaticity coordinate of glass ceramics is (0.3972, 0.3331), and the related color temperature is 3047 K. The luminescence intensity can still reach about 80 % of room temperature at 180 °C, and its thermal quenching activation energy is 0.233 eV. This suggests that glass ceramics have excellent thermal stability. After adding an appropriate amount of Li+, the crystalline phase of the glass ceramics remained unchanged and the luminous intensity of the glass ceramics increased by a factor of about 1.4 in the same environment. The thermal quenching activation energy of the glass ceramic doped with 0.2 % Li+-0.8 % Dy3+-0.6 % Eu3+ was 0.344 eV. The experimental results indicate that GCs has potential application prospects in the field of solid-state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-power piezoelectric ceramics with superior piezoelectric properties and broad temperature usage ranges is vital for the thriving progress of electromechanical applications. However, achieving high piezoelectricity, high mechanical quality factor, and temperature stability often presents a trade-off. In this study, we present an advanced ceramic material with excellent high-power piezoelectric properties and superior temperature stability. The piezoelectric coefficient d 33 reaches 348 pC N−1, the electromechanical coupling factor k p is 54%, the mechanical quality factor Q m is 1501, the dielectric loss tanδ is 0.35%, and the d 33 variation is less than 10% within 25–210 °C in 0.05Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O 3 -0.05Pb(Mn 1/3 Sb 2/3)O 3 -0.9Pb 0.95 Sr 0.05 (Zr 0.48 Ti 0.52)O 3 ceramic. The excellent piezoelectricity is attributed to the enhancement of intrinsic ionic displacement and reversible domains wall motion because of symmetry-conforming short-range distribution of oxygen vacancy, while the high Q m is a result of increased domain size and oxygen vacancy. The outstanding temperature stability is related to the stable non-180°domains structure due to the oxygen vacancy pinning effect. These properties hold great potential for advanced applications, particularly for piezoelectric high-power applications requiring constant d 33 over a broad temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of isolated lignin and utilization of nanotechnology to produce nanolignin as a functional material are paramount. Lignin was extracted from acid-saccharification sugarcane trash (SCT-ASac) to produce acid-saccharification lignin (ASac-lignin). Then, lignin was further processed to nanolignin by a self-assembly dialysis process using THF:ethanol (1:1) as the solvent. The chemical, physical, and thermal properties of the lignin were evaluated, and the nanolignin size was confirmed via morphological analysis and PSA. SCT-ASac treatment prior to lignin isolation affects the structure of SCT and enhances the accessibility of lignin. Furthermore, this pretreatment can reduce residual carbohydrates, increasing the purity value. ASac-lignin has a nonconjugated phenolic group structure with a high number of β-O-4 bonds, a syringyl content, aromatic groups with low thermal stability, and a molecular weight with good phenolic hydroxyl content and total phenolic compounds. The obtained nanolignin is a spherical and more uniform particle with sizes less than 100 nm. ASac-nanolignin has the potential to be an environmentally friendly material in derivative lignin synthesis. [Display omitted] • acid-saccharification treatment of sugarcane trash to improve lignin accessibility. • the higher purity (94.23 %) was ASac-lignin. • ASac-lignin has good chemical traits, low thermal stability, and molecular weight. • nanolignin preparation using THF: Ethanol (1:1) and dialysis process. • ASac-nanolignin has a spherical shape with a particle size below 100 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concurrent enhancement of toughness, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability in polycrystalline diamond composites represents a formidable challenge. Here, a novel diamond-TiC composites (referred to as DTC) with high fracture toughness and conductivity were synthesized through a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction sintering process utilizing two precursors: diamond mixtures containing TiH 2 and Ti-coated diamonds. On the one hand, the inherent bonding and encasing of TiC onto the diamond matrix form a heterogeneous structure, providing high strength and excellent fracture toughness up to 11.6 MPa·m1/2. On the other hand, the established oxygen barrier and current pathway offer a thermal stability of 765 °C and high conductivity up to 837 S·m−1. Remarkably, this rare combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties has been realized within a single material under relatively moderate sintering conditions, thus positioning diamond-TiC composites as a promising ceramic for electrical applications in high-stress environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The aging process of leather was artificially accelerated. • Changes in secondary collagen structure was analyzed by deconvoluted FT-IR spectrum. • Thermal stability of vegetable-tanned leather was studied by TG/DTG. Leather artifacts, mainly composed of collagen and tanning agents, possess significant historical importance. However, external factors could lead to the aging of such artifacts during preservation. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the impact of various factors on leather aging. In order to know the effects of high temperature and humidity conditions on the changes of leather artifacts, the traditional vegetable tanning agents (chestnut, tara, quebracho, and mimosa) were used to tan the pickled sheepskins to prepare leather artifact model samples. The leather artifact model samples were aged for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days at 80°C and 40–80 % relative humidity (RH). The changes in appearance, structure and thermal stability of the vegetable-tanned leather samples under the synergistic impact of temperature and RH were analyzed using total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation of the samples before and after being tanned with vegetable tanning agents was analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) analysis. Furthermore, the shrinkage temperature (Ts), tensile strength and elongation at break of the samples were investigated during different aging periods. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the stability of leather artifacts during long-term storage, as well as guidance for their restoration and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic fibers are an important thermal insulation material that are not only widely used in extreme conditions, but also play an important role in energy conservation and energy efficiency for sustainable development. However, the practical application of conventional ceramic fibers has a high thermal conductivity in high-temperature environments, which hinders their widespread application. Here, a novel lamellar structured porous SiTiOC/C composite ceramic materials was designed and prepared with excellent thermal insulating properties. The unique microstructure endowed the porous SiTiOC/C composite ceramic materials with a high IR refractive index (93.81%) and an ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.0562 W·m−1 K−1 at 600 ℃). In addition, the porous SiTiOC/C composite ceramic materials not only exhibited excellent mechanical properties (4.46 MPa at 800 ℃), but also demonstrated impressive oxidation resistance and thermal stability. In summary, the proposed porous SiTiOC/C composite ceramic materials provide a reference for the development of high-temperature insulation with good mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a highly dense GdB 6 bulk ceramic material was fabricated using one-step in-situ reaction spark plasma sintering technology. The sample with a relative density of 96.7 % and a purity of 96.9 wt% was successfully obtained by sintering at 1800 °C for 30 min under a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. The Vickers hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the as-obtained GdB 6 bulk ceramics were 18.9 GPa, 209 GPa and 1.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The thermal conductivity of GdB 6 at room temperature was 28.68 W·m−1·K−1, 70 % of which was mainly attributed to phonon vibration, while the remaining 30 % to the electrical thermal conductivity. In addition, the as-obtained GdB 6 ceramics showed no phase transformation after heat treatment at a relatively high temperature of 2100 °C for 20 min in Ar atmosphere. The highly covalent octahedral boron framework played a critical role in maintaining the phase stability of the GdB 6 crystal lattice. This suggested that GdB 6 ceramics could be used as potential ultra-high temperature ceramics for aerospace applications and high-power vacuum electronic devices operated at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy 2 O 3 –Sm 2 O 3 co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GCs) containing NaBi(WO 4) 2 crystalline phase were prepared by melt-curing-crystallization method. The optimal heat treatment condition is 580 °C/2 h. The optimum incorporation concentration of Dy 2 O 3 is 0.4%, exceeding which a quenching phenomenon dominated by quadrupole-quadrupole interactions emerges. Meanwhile, when the concentration of Dy 2 O 3 was fixed, the chromaticity coordinate of the sample moved the cool white light region to the warm white light region as the concentration of Sm 2 O 3 increased. The temperature-dependent emission spectra of the 0.4% Dy 2 O 3 -0.7% Sm 2 O 3 co-doped GC samples show that emission intensity at 575 nm at 185 °C still reaches 80% of the room temperature. The thermal quenching activation energy was 0.1537 eV and the activation energy after the addition of Mo6+ was 0.1957 eV. This study indicates that Dy 2 O 3 –Sm 2 O 3 co-doped GCs containing NaBi(WO 4) 2 crystalline phase can achieve light-color tunable emission, which is potentially valuable for solid-state color rendering and illumination applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZrO 2 fiber paper exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties, however, its limited mechanical strength and insufficient thermal stability hinder its widespread applications. The composite fiber papers, using mullite fibers possessing a high aspect ratio and exceptional thermal stability combined with ZrO 2 fibers, were fabricated via a vacuum-assisted filtration method. This method involved the successive stacking of composite fibers with alumina sol, using vacuum-induced directed water flow to create a layered structure reminiscent of nacre. The layered structure of the nacre, which demonstrates remarkable strength and hardness, has also served as a source of inspiration for the architectural design of the fiber paper. The tensile strength of pure ZrO 2 fiber paper was significantly enhanced by the addition of 7 wt% mullite fibers, resulting in a remarkable increase to 0.1805 kN/m. The paper exhibited exceptional resistance to bending, maintaining 96 % of its bending strength even after undergoing 100 cycles. The thermal shrinkage of the composite paper, containing 15 wt% mullite fibers, was reduced from 17.75 % observed in pure ZrO 2 fiber paper to a mere 1.32 % after undergoing heat treatment at a temperature of 1300 °C for 2 h. The composite paper, measuring 5 mm in thickness and consisting of 7 wt% compositions, displayed exceptional thermal insulation properties when exposed to a hot side temperature of 1370 °C. It effectively insulated temperatures up to approximately 1000 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current highly integrated devices require heat interface materials with excellent heat conductivity. A simple approach was employed to synthesize thermally conductive and outstanding thermal stability nanocomposite. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano CaCO 3) reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles (rGO/CaCO 3) are synthesized using a novel process, and the effect of rGO in CaCO 3 structure is examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction, TGA-DTA, and thermal conductivity. The experimental results show that adding rGO resulted in higher crystallinity and thermal stability. As the wt.% of rGO increases from 1 to 5%, the crystallite size was suppressed by 21.06%, 27.39%, 32.48%, 41.5%, and 45.30%, respectively, compared to the pure nano-CaCO 3. Additionally, rGO enhances the thermal conductivity by 35.31% and thermal diffusivity to 1.834 mm2/s by adding 5% rGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in thermal stability is especially important for the oxide/oxide composites, which are widely applied at high temperatures. Herein, the continuous alumina fiber reinforced alumina matrix (Al 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3) composites were fabricated at 1200–1400 °C using Al 2 O 3 powders with a mean size of 0.6 μm. The Al 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 composite fabricated at 1300 °C achieved a high flexural strength of 392.9 ± 20.1 MPa and a high interlaminar shear strength of 20.6 ± 1.0 MPa. After exposure at 1000 °C for 100 h and 1400 °C for 10 min, the 1300 °C fabricated Al 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 composite showed no significant reduction in mechanical properties. A slight decrease in mechanical properties was observed after aging at 1200 °C for 100 h. The high strength retention after the heat treatment benefited from the coarse Al 2 O 3 powders, which could not be easily sintered at high temperatures. This work can expand the selection of the Al 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 composites for potential applications at service temperatures as high as 1400 °C for a short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt-quenching techniques were employed to produce a series of Nd 2 O 3 doped Al 2 O 3 –Na 2 O–WO 3 –B 2 O 3 glasses. Structure, optical, and thermal properties were investigated to illustrate the effectiveness of the Nd3+ ions in enhancement performance and analyze their behaviour. Nd 2 O 3 demonstrably contributed to the composite, as evidenced by evaluating all features. The density marginally rises with the addition of Nd 2 O 3 instead of B 2 O 3. The relevant physical characteristics had been calculated. The structure was analyzed by FTIR measurement and identified the vibration modes of varied concentrations. From FTIR spectra, N 4 values were reckoned, and the conversion of the network structure unit from BO 3 to BO 4 was verified. Numerous significant peaks have been caught in the absorption bands of the UV–Vis–NIR measurement. Optical bandgap and band tail are determined. DSC measurements were utilized to identify the thermal characteristics. As Nd3+ ions increased, glass thermal stability improved. Overall, the Nd3+ ion modifier rule was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entropy plays a crucial role in designing new functional materials or enhancing material performance. The design of high entropy ceramics (HECs) introduces a larger composition space, thus the understanding of the correlation between the composition, entropy effect, and the performance of HECs is becoming increasingly important. In this work, to pursue superior properties, a series of CeNbO 4 -based solid solution ceramics with a maximum of 9 species cations in a single sublattice were synthesized by using high entropy configuration strategy. The interaction of composition, size disorder, and configurational entropy on the properties of HECs was emphasized. The potential conflict between high resistivity and low material constant of thermosensitive ceramics was overcome and thus achieving excellent thermal sensitivity properties having an extremely wide temperature range from room temperature to 1623 K and long-term high-temperature stability. This will bring innovative prospects for the design and application of high-temperature functional ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Ge 8 Sb 2 Te 11 (GST) films with high melting point element Mo doping were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, and the influence of Mo content on the phase transformation and optical properties of the films was investigated. The results of GIXRD, XPS, and ellipsometry analysis show that Mo will occupy the lattice vacancy, promoting grain growth and accelerating phase transitions. With an increase in Mo content, the phase transition temperature of the films can reach 360 °C, and the amorphous thermal stability of the films can be enhanced by Mo doping. Meanwhile, the optical properties of the films are improved. The optical band gap of Mo-doped films is reduced, the absorption coefficient rises, and the refractive index contrast of GST films with low Mo-doping in the Vis-NIR band is as high as 2.27. This result will make it possible to apply Ge 8 Sb 2 Te 11 thin films in structural color fields and broaden their color spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free piezoceramics with superior piezoelectric properties don't meet the requirements of practical applications due to their lower phase transition temperature and poor thermal stability. In the present work, we report a new insight into the effect of glass phase on the piezoelectric, Curie temperature and thermal stability of (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15)(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1)O 3 (BCZT) ceramic. Unlike traditional glass materials with more than 80% of B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 as glass formers, our approach is to fabricate a glass phase (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15)(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1)O 3 -0.05B 2 O 3 (abbreviate BBCZT) with the same elements and concentrations as the ceramic phase. The ceramics-doped glass samples with the composition [(1-x)BCZT-xBBCZT], where x=(0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 wt%), were sintered according to the glass phase content. The effect of BBCZT glass composition on the crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BCZT was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction revealed that the addition of glass phase causes a defect engineering of the tricritical triple point of BCZT ceramic, where the tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases were suppressed by the addition of glass phase and the T-phase has completely vanished at x = 0.05. The maximum value of permittivity (ε = 4102) and converse piezoelectric coefficient (d* 33 = 1150 Pm/V) were achieved for the 0.975BCZT-0.025BBCZT sample at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient (γ) and Curie temperature (T c) were observed to increase beyond x = 0.025, indicating enhanced thermal stability of BCZT at high glass content. These results qualify that the addition of (BBCZT) can enhance piezoelectric properties, phase transition temperature and thermal stability of BCZT ceramic which can meet wide requirements of practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZIF-L, a metal-organic framework (MOF) material, has a two-dimensional (2D) foliation, a large specific surface area, excellent thermal stability and CO 2 adsorption performance, respectively. In this work, in order to further improve the thermal insulation performance of SiO 2 aerogel composite fabrics, ZIF-L powder was first prepared as a reinforcing particle, and then added to silica aerogel. Finally, SiO 2 /AF/ZIF-L composites were obtained by solution impregnation method. The influence of different ZIF-L concentrations on the insulation performance of composites and their influencing factors were studied. Furthermore, these composites were fully characterized using BET measurement, Instron 5967, precision transient thermal performance tester, infrared thermal imager, insulation performance test, thermogravimetric analyzer, and dynamic thermomechanical analyzer. The results showed that 0.12% SiO 2 /AF/ZIF-L composites had excellent thermal insulation performance, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.029 W/(m·K). In addition, SiO 2 /AF/ZIF-L composites fabricated by atmospheric drying method had the best thermal insulation performance under the conditions of gel time of 24 h, hydrolysis time of 5 h, and polycondensation pH value of 5–6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Nd 2 O 3 -doped 0.11PIN-0.89PHT (PIN-PHT) single-phase tetragonal piezoelectric ceramics are prepared by traditional solid-phase method. In addition, impacts of Nd-doping on crystal structure and electrical performance for 0.11PIN-0.89PHT ceramics are systematically investigated. Based on Landau theory, we propose a novel strategy for obtaining high-performance ceramics by combining tetragonal phase and relaxor ferroelectrics. Results reveal that the introduction of polar nano-regions in tetragonal phase ceramics by doping with rare-earth ions to convert normal ferroelectrics into relaxed ferroelectrics is responsible for excellent properties of 0.11PIN-0.89PHT- x Nd ceramics. The optimized comprehensive performance is obtained at x = 0.9 mol%, where d 33 = 670 pC/N, S max = 0.29% (45 kV/cm), strain hysteresis = 8.68% (45 kV/cm), d 33 * = 736 p.m./V (30 kV/cm), T C = 312.6 °C, ε r = 3234, k p = 0.62, tan δ = 0.014, and excellent high-temperature stability in temperature range of 20–240 °C. After 106 cycles, electrical properties and strain remain unchanged, showing excellent anti-fatigue behavior. This work provides a novel approach for the development of ceramics with outstanding piezoelectric response, high strain, low strain hysteresis, excellent anti-fatigue resistance and thermal stability, and is expected to realize practical applications of piezoelectric ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered materials exhibit competitively low thermal conductivity along the out-of-plane direction. The solution process is a promising method for preparing stacked structures. However, the thermal stability of the layered materials is poor after processing in solution, thus hindering their applications at high temperatures. One of the solutions to improve the thermal stability of layered structures is to expand the interlayer distance by inserting large-size metal ions. In this work, we studied the thermal properties of Cs+ intercalated layered niobate obtained by the ion-exchanged process. The layered structure of the Cs+ intercalated layered niobate survives after thermal treatment even at 1200 °C. The room temperature thermal conductivity of as prepared stacked Cs–HCa 2 Nb 3 O 10 is as low as 0.11 W m−1 k−1. Upon thermal annealing, the thermal conductivity increases. After annealing at 1200 °C, the value is 0.90 W m−1 k−1. The finding suggests Cs+ intercalated layered niobate is a promising material for high-temperature insulation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for a suitable donor dopant to improve the piezoelectric response of BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 (BS-PT) piezoelectric ceramics without sacrificing temperature stability is crucial for developing high-temperature piezoelectric materials for the application in the elevated temperature. In this study, the effects of Sb5+ donor doping on the microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and electromechanical properties of the BS-PT ceramics were investigated. It was found that the Sb5+ dopant acts as the grain growth inhibitor, resulting in a dense and fine-grain microstructure. An enhanced piezoelectric properties d 33 of 535 pC N−1 with a high T c of 440 °C was simultaneously achieved in 0.25 mol%Sb5+ doped BS-PT (BSPT-0.25Sb) ceramic. The results of in-situ piezoelectric constants and electromechanical coupling coefficients as a function of temperature indicate that the BSPT-0.25Sb ceramic has a high depolarization temperature T d of 400 °C, which is much higher than those of the most widely used PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics. Furthermore, BSPT-0.25Sb ceramic has much higher resistivity and lower dielectric loss than PZT-4 and PZT-8 at high temperature. The excellent piezoelectric properties and thermal stability of the BSPT-0.25Sb ceramic indicate that it is a promising piezoelectric material for high-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monatomic Sb thin films can eliminate the risks of compositional partitioning, but it normally crystallizes instantly and fails to maintain amorphous state at room temperature. Here, we prepared Sb x (Sb 2 S 3) 100-x thin films. The materials consist of pure Sb with low resistance drift and chalcogenide Sb 2 S 3 with high thermal stability. It is found that the Sb 64·8 (Sb 2 S 3) 35.2 thin film possesses the advantages of these two compounds. The thin film showed good phase-change ability with an ultralow resistance drift coefficient of 0.006, much lower than conventional Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (0.076). Moreover, it also exhibited a better amorphous thermal stability. These improvements are closely related to the hybrid nanostructure of Sb crystals and Sb–S phase by spontaneous self-decomposition in the Sb-rich Sb–S material. Our work thus demonstrates that the binary Sb-rich Sb–S thin film can become a promising alternative to replace the conventional Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 thin film with potential for neuromorphic synaptic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the ceramics with composition of (0.98- x)(K 0.5 Na 0.5)(Nb 0.96 Sb 0.04)O 3 -0.02(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)(Zr 0.8 Ti 0.2)O 3- x CaZrO 3 (abbreviated as (0.98- x)KNNS-0.02BNZT- x CZ, x = 0, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03) were prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The effect of the additional amount of CaZrO 3 on the phase structure, microstructure, dispersion index, domain structure and piezoelectric properties of ceramics was systematically studied. Finally, the piezoelectric properties and thermal stability of ceramics could be controlled by adding different amounts of CaZrO 3. The addition of CaZrO 3 transferred the phase structure of the ceramics from orthogonal-tetragonal (O-T) coexistence phase to rhombohedral-orthogonal (R–O) coexistence phase, which could be demonstrated by XRD test, temperature-dependent Raman spectra and ε r ‐ T plot analysis. And when x = 0.02, the ceramics possessed the best piezoelectric and dielectric properties (d 33 = 253 pC/N, ε r = 1185, tan δ = 0.044). Such excellent electrical properties could be originated from the heterogeneous domain structure and small-size nano-domains of the ceramics. Moreover, with the increase of CaZrO 3 doping amount, the dispersion index of ceramics gradually increased from 1.404 to 1.871, which showed more obvious dispersion phase transition characteristics and improved the thermal stability of ceramics. Particularly, when x = 0.02, after annealing at a high temperature of 220 °C (close to its Curie temperature), the d 33 tested at room temperature remained above 85% of that without annealing. The results indicated that (0.98- x)KNNS-0.02BNZT- x CZ ceramic was a promising lead-free piezoelectric ceramic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds from jaboticaba peel were adsorbed on microcrystalline cellulose isolated from sorghum bagasse (MCC) to maintain their antioxidant activities (AA), as they are sensitive to pH, temperature, light, and the presence of oxygen. For this reason, there are limitations to keeping them active during storage or industrial processing, and new processes need to be studied. The synthesis conditions of the adsorbent-bioactive complex formed by the adsorption process of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in MCC and their stability against temperature variation (90–130 °C) were analyzed. In the synthesis of the complex, it was observed that in the kinetic study, pseudo-second order model fitted the experimental data, and in the equilibrium isotherms, the Langmuir model best describes the synthesis. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG ads , ΔS ads , and ΔH ads) showed that TPC interacts with MCC by chemical adsorption through a spontaneous and exothermic process. Approximately 90% of the TPC was released in the first 60 min of the aqueous desorption process. In the thermal stability study, the complex reduced the degradation of TPC and AA compared to jaboticaba peel powder, reaching a percentage of reduction in its degradation of 71% at a temperature of 130 °C. [Display omitted] • A way to stabilize total phenolic compounds in microcrystalline cellulose is presented. • Thermodynamic study showed that TPC interacts with MCC by chemical adsorption through a spontaneous and exothermic process. • The complex reduced the thermal degradation of total phenolic compounds in 71% at the temperature of 130 °C. • The complex reduced by approximately 58%, 52% and 31,8 the degradation by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. • The complex can be used in industrial processes that use high temperatures without losing its functional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the crystallinity on structural, thermal, and in vitro dissolution properties were examined for Na 2 O-CaO-Nb 2 O 5 /MgO-P 2 O 5 glasses/glass-ceramics. Glass-ceramics were synthesized via a spontaneous crystallization process. The Nb content in the materials increased with melting temperature, furthermore, the crystallinity is proportional to the Nb content. The presence of crystalline niobates and phosphates is confirmed by FTIR analysis which is consistent with XRD. The FTIR results indicate that the phosphate network is built of different proportions of Q2, Q1, and Q0 units, depending on the amount and type of crystalline phase. Most of the samples show an improvement in thermal stability. The in vitro dissolution test showed that the highest mass loss for most of the samples occurred during the first 6 days of immersion in the PBS solution. The presence of small phosphate crystals favors the deposition of hydroxyapatite on samples' surfaces while the larger niobate crystals dissolve more readily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin can be used as a sustainable alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) to prepared lignin-based epoxy resins. Lignin effects including molecular weight, phenolic content, G/S unit ratio and flexible/rigid linkage ratio on epoxy synthesis and performance were summarized comprehensively. The incorporation of lignin with a higher molecular weight would lead to the higher rigidity of epoxy crosslinking network. Higher contents of ether bonds in lignin would provide higher structural flexibility of lignin incorporated epoxy thermosets. Lignin with higher contents of phenolic hydroxyls was more beneficial for improving the reactivity of its epoxy products after glycidylation. Due to the excellent charring capacity of lignin, higher contents of residue char can be produced at higher additions of lignin at high temperatures, while the loss of crosslinking density caused by the increasing lignin addition (especially for the macromolecular lignin) would deteriorate the thermal stability of their thermosets. Several applications of lignin-based epoxy resins were also mentioned based on their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, such as coatings (with anticorrosion and UV-blocking), adhesives (with highly crosslinking network, excellent mechanical, and thermal properties) and flame retardants (with high charring capability). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissolution behaviour of three corn starches, including corn starch (CS), high amylose corn starch (HACS) and waxy corn starch (WCS) with different amylose content in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) were studied by comparing their dissolution state in ionic liquids (ILs). Further, the structural and thermal properties of the regenerated starch were analyzed. WCS with the lowest amylose content had the fastest dissolution rate, the most extensive structural damage, and the lowest solubility and required the maximum energy for dissolution. In the process of dissolution-regeneration, the A-type crystalline structure of WCS and CS was completely destroyed and transformed into an amorphous structure, while the B-type crystalline structure of HACS transformed into an ordered V -shaped structure. And the thermal stability of starch was improved after dissolution-regeneration in ILs. Among the two kinds of ILs, [AMIM] Cl had a better ability to dissolve starch, causing minor damage to the starch. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major challenge of the current and future miniature compact high-tech electronic devices is thermal management. Micro-scale cooling is one of the promising thermo-fluidic implications possess a great potential in this cutting-edge research area. In this research work, newly emerged MXene (Ti 3 C 2) and functionalized graphene (f-Gr) hybrid nanoflake is implied for the first time in the preparation of Silicon oil (Si-oil) based heat transfer media (MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil hybrid nanofluid) for the micro-scale cooling application. This research concentrates on development, characterization, thermal stability and thermal properties evaluations of new class of hybrid (MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil) nanofluids of three different concentrations of MXene and f-Gr hybrid nanoflakes. The thermal conductivity of the as produced MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil hybrid nanofluids is measured (up to 250 °C) by a Transient Hot Bridge (THB) 500 (Linseis, Germany, current 5 mA, heater-power 18 mW) with Hot Point Sensor (HPS). The measurement is conducted in a newly customized designed industrial grade hotplate heat loss protection chamber with a PID controller. Viscosity is evaluated by a Rheometer with varying temperature of 25 °C from 25 to 125 °C. Optical absorbance is measure using PerkinElmer Lambda 750. The optimum thermal conductivity enhancement is acquired about ∼68% for the MXene and f-Gr hybrid nanoflakes concentration of 0.02 wt% over the pure Si-oil base fluid at 200 °C. The viscosity of MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil hybrid nanofluids is revealed to be autonomous of adding the MXene and f-Gr hybrid nanoflakes into the Si-oil base fluid. However, viscosity of hybrid nanofluid samples is decreased by ∼36% within the increase of temperature from 25 to 50 °C. MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil hybrid nanofluid sample of concentration 0.02 wt% shows the thermal stability up to ∼393 °C (∼14% enhancement over the Si-oil). This significant improvement is advantageous for the cooling of future high-tech electronic systems. This subsequently increases thermal energy acquisition which is valuable for various other applications. [Display omitted] • Synthesizing a unique MXene and f-Gr hybrid composition. • Novel formulation MXene:f-Gr/Si-oil hybrid nanofluids with improved heat transfer attributes. • High temperature thermal conductivity enhancement of new nanofluids using a heat-trap chamber. • Enhanced thermal conductivity of the new hybrid nanofluids over pure Si-oil. • Improved thermal stability of synthesized hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The photothermal conversion performance of Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 BaCo 2 O 5+δ was better than that of Silicon Carbide which was commercial solar thermal conversion material. • Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 BaCo 2 O 5+δ had low infrared radiation heat loss at high temperature. • Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 BaCo 2 O 5+δ exhibited excellent thermal stability at 800 ℃ in air. The efficiency of the concentrated solar power (CSP) framework is significantly influenced by the operating temperature. The solar thermal conversion material with high efficiency and good stability at high temperature in air environment is of importance to obtain the high operating temperature. Here, the optical properties and thermal stability of Gd 1-x Nd x BaCo 2 O 5+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, GNBCOx) ceramics were studied to assess their possibility to be applied as high temperature solar absorbers. Results presented that GNBCOx exhibited high absorptance in the solar spectrum and minimal radiation heat loss at infrared wavelengths. In addition, the GNBCOx ceramics demonstrated excellent stability at 800 ℃ in air, indicating that the GNBCOx ceramics could be applied as solar thermal conversion material for upcoming concentrated solar power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timoho fiber (TF) is a biodegradable bio-fiber rich in cellulose and a renewable agro textile fiber rich in cellulose polysaccharides. Isolation of micro cellulose from TF is an alternative reinforcement approach in a bio-composite application. This study characterized TF obtained from isolation employing FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and TGA using hydrolysis. Pretreatment was done using alkaline, bleaching, and hydrolysis. FTIR confirmed that the maximum amount of noncellulosic materials had been removed from TF. The XRD result showed that hydrolysis treatment increased the crystal size and crystallinity index of the TF (88.68 %). TGA also revealed that the highest thermal stability had been found in the hydrolyzed TF. The micro cellulose TF represented an interesting source of cellulose reinforcing materials, and it might be continued in the form of nano cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn doping and S-evaporation are strategies used to improve the thermoelectric properties and thermal stability of cuprous sulfide thermoelectric materials. Cu 1.8 S and Mn-alloyed Cu 1.8 S powders were prepared via ball milling, and different samples were obtained via current-assisted sintering at different times. It was found that Mn and S-evaporation optimized the carrier concentration and thus improved the figure of merit (ZT) of the samples. The introduction of pore defects induced by S-evaporation also improved the ZT. The maximum ZT of the optimized sample reached 0.89 at 500 °C. Mn in the samples reacted with oxygen to form an oxide film on the surface of the block, which inhibited the kinetic process of Cu 1.8 S decomposition and improved the thermal stability of the samples. However, the reaction between Mn and oxygen led to a continuous loss of metal cations in the material, resulting in changes in the thermoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, high-performance 0.11 Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 -0.89 Pb(Hf 0.47 Ti 0.53)O 3 -0.8Ta 2 O 5 (PIN-PHT-0.8Ta) ceramics are successfully synthesized. In addition, performance improvement is comprehensively analyzed from viewpoints of microstructure, phase structure and electrical properties. Experimental results reveal that the addition of Ta 2 O 5 changes phase structure of PIN-PHT ceramics from ferroelectric tetragonal phase to rhombohedral phase. This leads to the appearance of morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs). At the same time, the addition of Ta 2 O 5 reduces grain size and enhances grain uniformity. Also, Ta 2 O 5 doping improves internal and external contribution of piezoelectric response, which greatly improves dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of PIN-PHT. Key performance parameters include d 33 , k p , T C , ε r and tan δ , which are found to be 630 pC/N, 0.73, 322.6 °C, 1917 and 1.55%, respectively. In particular, thermal stability of PIN-PHT-0.8Ta ceramics is found to be higher than PZT-based ceramics, as well as d 33 value and performance retention rate of PIN-PHT-0.8Ta are found to be 560 pC/N and 89% at 300 °C, respectively, which are far superior to commercial PZT-5 and PZT-8 ceramics. These properties indicate potential of PIN-PHT-0.8Ta ceramics in high-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of polysaccharide type on the physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma glycosylated sodium caseinate (SC). The polysaccharides Quince seed gum (QSG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and maltodextrin (MD) were mixed with SC and treated with DBD plasma at 18 kV for 10 min. The grafting degree, electrophoresis pattern, FTIR, XRD, carbonyl, sulfhydryl, and di-tyrosine content, FE-SEM, color, and thermal properties of SC and its polysaccharide mixtures before and after plasma treatment were analyzed. Results showed that the SC-QSG conjugate had the highest glycation degree and color change after plasma treatment. The SC-CMC and SC-QSG conjugates exhibited disappearance of distinct SC bands in electrophoresis pattern compared to SC. Also, significant changes in functional group and crystallinity were occurred in SC-CMC conjugate. Plasma treatment caused oxidation of SC, but the presence of polysaccharides offered protection against oxidation. The microstructure of SC was altered by mixing with polysaccharides and exposure to plasma. Also, the mixtures indicated higher thermal stability after plasma treatment. Results confirmed that the generation of protein-polysaccharide conjugates through DBD plasma technique was depended on with SC-MD conjugate unable to form through this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study thoroughly examines the structure, mechanical properties and thermal stability of ZrN coating with oxygen modification. Incorporation of oxygen atoms initiates a structural transformation from fcc-ZrN to fcc-Zr(O)N solid-solution, followed by a mixed state comprising primarily fcc-Zr(O)N solid solution alongside a minor ZrO 2 oxide phase, ultimately forming a pure ZrO 2 coating. This structural transition induces initially an increment in hardness from ∼23.5 GPa of Zr(O 0.02 N 0.98) 0.96 to ∼31.7 GPa of Zr(O 0.17 N 0.83) 1.08 due to solid solution strengthening effect, but a subsequent reduction was noted as a result of the increment in ionic bonds and the formation of oxide phase. Remarkably, optimal oxygen levels (10 and 17 at.%) were found to enhance fracture toughness within cubic coatings, which were validated by combined experimental and DFT analyses, showcasing the nuanced influence of oxygen content on mechanical properties. Following thermal annealing, Zr-O-N coatings exhibited a systematic decomposition with the occurrence of ZrO 2 oxide phase in contrast to the stable ZrN coating. • Oxygen incorporation forms c-Zr(O)N prior to c-ZrN transforming into pure ZrO 2. • Moderate oxygen introduction enhances the intrinsic toughness of ZrN coating. • Formation of various ZrO 2 phase accelerates the decomposition of Zr-O-N coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent bamboo proved to be a promising substitute for glass due to its high light transmittance and excellent mechanical properties. Nevertheless, it was susceptible to outdoor weathering, which negatively affected its physical and mechanical properties. In this study, two decolorisation methods, namely the delignification method and the lignin modification method, were used to produce transparent bamboos with epoxy resin, referred to as DL-TB and LM-TB, respectively. The changes in surface color, optical and mechanical properties, wettability, thermal stability, and thermal insulation properties of transparent bamboo during accelerated UV weathering were evaluated. Additionally, the deterioration mechanism of DL-TB and LM-TB was investigated. The findings revealed that DL-TB demonstrated better transparency and mechanical properties than LM-TB, although it exhibited lower thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, DL-TB demonstrated enhanced color stability and higher hydrophobicity on weathered surfaces than LM-TB. Unexpectedly, the tensile properties of both two transparent bamboos significantly improved after weathering, especially for LM-TB, which was due to the EP post-curing and the formation of more hydrogen bonds between lignin and EP. These observations revealed that lignin played a key role in the photodegradation process of transparent bamboo, but further attempts should be made in future studies to improve its color stability. [Display omitted] • Transparent bamboo was prepared through two decolorisation methods. • The weatherability of transparent bamboo during weathering was studied. • Transparent bamboo without less lignin showed better color stability. • Lignin in transparent bamboo was beneficial for thermal and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cu(dmamp') 2 (1) using aminoalkoxide (dmamp' = 2-(dimethylamino)−2-methyl-1-propoxide) was synthesized. • A plausible dicomposition mechanism of 1 was presented through EI-MS, which suggests that 1 can be used as a single-source precursor for Cu metal thin films. • Thermal properties for 1 was characterized by TGA. • As the reaction temperature increasesse, CuO, Cu 2 O, and Cu were produced when producing nanoparticles utilizing 1. • While the volatility of 1 and the previously reported Cu(dmamp) 2 were similar, thermal stability of 1 was slightly better. Cu(dmamp') 2 (1) (dmamp' = 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-propoxide) was synthesized for comparison according to the position of the substituent of aminoalkoxide. When comparing the properties such as structure, thermal stability, and usability with 1 and the previously reported Cu(dmamp) 2 (dmamp = 1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propoxide), other properties were similar, but 1 had better thermal stability. Consequently, 1 is thought to be a better precursor for thin films and nanomaterials containing Cu. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel phenolic resins with phosphazene derivative (CHPP) were synthesized. • The prepared phenolic resins reveal high thermal stability and char yield. • The line ablation rate of prepared phenolic resins was as low as 0.0020 mm/s. • The CHPP could promote the formation of char yield during ablation and carbonization. A novel phenolic resin with combined hydroxymethyl-substituted phosphazene unit as a part of cured network was prepared which exhibited excellent thermal properties and ablation resistance. The novel phenolic resin was synthesized via copolymerizing from hexa (4-hydroxymethylphenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene (CHPP), phenol and paraformaldehyde. The CHPP contains abundant –CH 2 OH groups, which can be a part of phenolic resin network through condensation reactions between the –CH 2 OH groups and active hydrogens on benzene rings of phenolic resins. The optimal curing temperature for the modified phenolic resins was determined using the non-isothermal DSC method. The ablation resistance was investigated using the oxyacetylene flame method. The char yield and linear ablation rate of the modified phenolic resins are 71.3 % and 0.0020 mm/s, respectively. The ablation resistance of the novel resin is significantly improved, compared with other phenolic resin composites. The modification method for the phenolic resin provides a novel pathway to improve the application prospects of phenolic resins in the field of thermal protective materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cotton fibers were modified by silanization and a novel sulphation-phosphorylation approach. • Chemically modified cotton fibers were characterized before and after the surface treatments. • TGA, DSC, and Py/GC–MS analyses were perfomed to characterize the functionalized cotton fibers. • Thermal decomposition and pyrolysis mechanisms and products, were fully studied. The thermal properties and pyrolysis decomposition paths of cotton fibers modified by different chemical treatments, a conventional functionalization with silane and a novel sulphation-phosphorylation approach, were studied. The effects on the fibers thermal behavior and decomposition products were investigated. The cotton fibers were characterized before and after the surface treatments by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and pyrolysis/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py/GC–MS). Morphological investigation was also performed by SEM/EDS analysis to assess the treatment effects on the cotton fibers' surface. The silanization increases the cotton hydrophobicity and thermal stability, changing the pyrolysis mechanism, favoring depolymerization over dehydration and charring. On the contrary, sulphation-phosphorylation methods cause a decrease in the onset temperature and an increase of fire resistance, and charring yield. Thermal decomposition temperatures, weight losses, and pyrolysis mechanisms and products, were fully analyzed. The results can open the way on the use of modified cotton fibers in industrial fields where fireproofing is strongly desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the thermal properties and internal structures of fluorotellurate glasses with different concentrations of TeO 2 were studied. Glass samples with a concentration of 30mol% TeO 2 were doped with different concentrations of Er3+ (1,2, 3,3.5,4,4.5,5mol%) and their luminescence characteristics were analyzed. The fluorotellurate glass possess high infrared transmittance (93 %), thermal stability (ΔT>110 °C), and low phonon energy (821 cm−1). Er3+ doped fluorotellurate glass exhibits high fluorescence lifetime of 4I 11/2 level (1.59 ms), large emission cross-section (5.98 × 10−21cm2), and achieves a quantum efficiency of up to 30 %. These experimental findings suggest promising prospects for the utilization of Er3+ doped fluorotellurate glass in 2.7 μm laser applications. • The thermal stability of the glass can be improved by appropriate TeO 2 content. • The prepared glass has a lifetime of 1.59 ms. • The prepared glass has a quantum efficiency can reach up to 30 %. • The prepared glass has a Er3+:4I 11/2. → 4I 13/2 emission cross section (5.98 × 10−21 cm2) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Proposed process and scheme for in situ thermal conversion of boron oxide-modified polyimide aerogel materials. • Prepared PI/B aerogels have low thermal conductivity (0.03891 W/(m·K)) and a temperature of 592.4 °C at 5 % weight loss. • PI/B aerogels maintain resilience while increasing mechanical strength. Thermal insulation and energy saving materials play an important role in promoting the rational use of energy and realizing sustainable development. In this paper, reticulated crosslinked polyimide aerogels were made by depositing boron oxide particles formed by the introduction of boric acid transformation on the aerogel structure through an in situ thermal transformation process. The results show that the boric acid was homogeneously mixed with the precursor polyamic acid solution, leading to the uniform dispersion of boron oxide within the aerogel framework. Compared with pure polyimide aerogels, the composite aerogels dopped with boron oxide show excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) fiber exhibits excellent quality than other fibers as the alkali degumming process was carried out on two selected native Indonesian accessions which include ramie Padang 1 and Ramindo 1. The traditional degumming process is an effective method for the separation of fibers present in the two species as it is cheap renewable, non-toxic, easy to handle, helps in better removal of gum contents in the cell wall, and possesses unique properties with excellent potential for further utilization in textile manufacturing. The degumming effect on the fiber properties, chemical structure, crystallinity, morphological properties, thermal behavior, and mechanical aspects of the two ramie fibers was observed in this research. The method is effective for the removal of unwanted impurities like lignin, hemicellulose, extractives, and ash and for lowering the S/G ratio based on the chemical component and pyrolysis product and confirmed by FTIR spectra. In line with that, the crystallinity degree of degummed fibers tends to increase contributed by the removal of amorphous components in ramie that facilitate fiber's heat stability increase after degumming treatment. Also, the elimination of undesired components on degummed fiber creates a neat and flawless surface. In summary, the degummed ramie exhibits good potential, increasing strength, higher crystallinity, and thermal stability, as well as excellent surface morphology. [Display omitted] • Different locations of maturation in the same species of ramie have minimal impact on post-degumming characteristics. • The surface of degummed ramie fibers (Ramindo and Padang) was neat and immaculate as well. • Ramie Klon Padang exhibited a noticeable increase in crystallinity after degumming (RP1 b). • The degumming methods improve the cellulose content and remove impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+ cationic substitution in lead-free polycrystalline Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) has been adopted to synthesize by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The cationic substitution was introduced into NBT through compositional modification, which significantly restricted grain growth and promoted a ferroelectric to relaxor ferroelectric phase transition. The substitution of (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+ influenced the crystal structure, ferroelectric, dielectric properties, and micromorphology, which had been investigated systematically. The enhancement of relaxor nature is found with this substitution and further verified by dielectric curve, polarization (P) - electric field (E) hysteresis loop, and current (I)- electric field (E) curve. The recoverable energy density was determined to be 1.09 J/cm3 and 1.24 J/cm3 at 101 kV/cm and 114 kV/cm in the 10 mol% and 20 mol% of (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+ substituted systems, respectively. Furthermore, over the 35 ˚C to 490 ˚C temperature range, the 30 mol% (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+ substituted composition showed superior thermal stability in the permittivity. Therefore, this study concluded that these cationic substituted NBT compositions are appropriate materials for applications involving higher-temperature and energy storage in electronic devices. • Recoverable energy storage density (W rec) ≈ 1.24 J/cm3 obtained in the 20 mol% with the efficiency of 54 %. • The introduction of (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+decreases the grain size and improve BDS to improve W rec. • Thermal stability increases in the 35- 490 ˚C temperature range, in the 30 mol% (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)4+composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of 2D nanomaterials, MXene can improve the thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of polymers as a reinforcing additive. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the impact of the morphology and structure of MXene on the performance of nanocomposite. In this study, MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x with different morphologies was prepared and the effect of morphologies on the mechanical, thermal and creep properties was explored. Mechanical test results illustrate that the addition of MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x fillers contributes to the improvement of mechanical properties. Among the three fillers, d-Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibit a better reinforcement effect in PEEK than m-Ti 3 C 2 T x and f-Ti 3 C 2 T x , which are greatly related to the morphology of the MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x , the interface and defects between the PEEK and the MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x. After adding MXene to the PEEK matrix, the internal friction of PEEK molecule segment motion would aggrandize and the composites would deform and take longer relaxation times. Due to the larger interface between d-Ti 3 C 2 T x and the matrix, the composite material exhibits the smallest creep strain magnitude and permanent deformation behavior after recovery. However, the high activity of 2D MXene nanomaterials resulted in a decrease in the thermal stability of PEEK. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel bio-based composite of starch/plant fiber foaming tableware material was prepared by the hot-pressing foaming method. The influence of the content of carboxymethyl cellulos (CMC) as a new type of film-forming agent filler on the properties of foam materials was systematically investigated. The results showed that the foam material with 10 wt% CMC had excellent cell morphology and uniform cell size (the average cell size reached the minimum value of 465.7 μm), relatively high porosity (57.01%), and excellent thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity: 0.0541 W/m·K). The tensile strength of foam increased from 4.289 MPa for 0 wt% CMC to 5.714 MPa for 10 wt% CMC loading. Similarly, the flexural strength also increased from 11.609 MPa to 15.719 MPa for the foam material with 10 wt% CMC. The thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of the foam material reached the highest after adding 10 wt% CMC. In addition, the increase of CMC content is beneficial to improve the oil resistance and biodegradability of the material. The research shows that CMC is an effective filler to improve the properties of starch/plant fiber foaming tableware materials, which can greatly promote the development of bio-based polymer foam materials. [Display omitted] • Starch/plant fiber foaming tableware material was prepared via a simple hot-pressing foaming method. • CMC was used as film-forming agent to optimize the properties of foam materials. • The addition of an appropriate amount of CMC (10 wt%) makes the cell size smaller and the cell structure more uniform. • CMC can improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, viscoelasticity and thermal insulation of foam materials. • This new type of foam tableware material can be completely biodegradable under natural conditions within 21 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effect of diverse coagulants (glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), gypsum (GYP), microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), and white vinegar (WVG)) on microstructure, quality, and digestion properties of tofu. The four kinds of tofu were significantly different in their structure, composition, and digestibility. Tofu coagulated with MTGase had the highest springiness and cohesiveness while GDL tofu had the highest enthalpy (6.54 J/g). However, the WVG and GYP groups outperformed others in terms of thermodynamic, and digestion properties. The WVG group exhibited the highest nitrogen release (84.3%), water content, denaturation temperature, and the highest free-SH content but the lowest S-S content. Compared to WVG, the GYP group had the highest ash content, hardness, and chewiness. Results demonstrated that the tofu prepared by WVG and GYP show high digestibility. Meanwhile, the former has better thermal properties and the latter has better texture properties. [Display omitted] • Tofu coagulated with GYP and WVG exhibited higher digestibility than others. • The WVG group showed the highest thermal stability, digestibility, and water content. • Compared with WVG,the GYP tofu had the highest ash content, hardness, and chewiness • Tofu coagulated with MTGase had the highest springiness and cohesiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and outstanding biocompatibility, carbon quantum dots have shown to offer enormous potential in the field of temperature sensing. However, there is still much to learn about the mechanism underlying carbon quantum dots' thermal sensing capabilities, and developing incredibly precise thermometers based on it is still an enormous obstacle. Herein, we successfully fabricated carbon quantum dots with variable luminescence wavelength and temperature-sensitive properties by adjusting the ingredients to modify the composition of functional groups (-NH 2 , -OH, -COOH and -CH 2 OH) on the surface of quantum dots in a simple hydrothermal synthesis process, followed by encapsulation with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Subsequently, structural/optical characterisation and temperature-dependent studies were utilized for investigations into the quantum dot fluorescence mechanisms as well as the thermal sensing characteristics connected to surface functional groups, respectively. Notably, the designed red-emitting methylenated carbon quantum dot film probe displayed more linear segmented temperature sensing properties (R2>0.99), a wider temperature applicability range (20–160 °C), and high temperature reversibility (20–80 °C, at least 4 cycles). Finally, the mechanism by which functional groups affect the thermal characteristics of carbon quantum dots was addressed, and we hypothesized that intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions are important factors affecting the thermal properties of carbon dots. This work presents great promise and theoretical guidance for the development of highly reliable carbon quantum dot temperature sensing systems. [Display omitted] • Carbon quantum dots/PVA probe was fabricated. • Optimal optical behavior & temperature response by tuning surface functional groups. • The probe presented outstanding temperature dependence and higher thermal stability. • Luminescence and thermal sensing mechanisms influenced by surface functional groups. • The probe exemplified the potential of CQDs as luminescent temperature sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high energy density (W) value of 7.82 J/cm3 with energy storage efficiency (η) of 81.8% is acquired simultaneously. • A splendid thermal stability (Δ W rec : ∼ 2.9 %, Δ η : ∼ 3.9 %) within the temperature range of 20 ℃-100 ℃. • Further analysis of the influence of NaNbO 3 in KNN ceramics is investigated on the phase structure and microstructure. • Detailed discussions of evolution of domain structure and its influence on the energy storage properties after doping NaNbO 3. The advancement of high energy storage properties and outstanding temperature stability ceramics plays a decisive role in the field of pulsed power systems. The multi-component optimization strategy is conducted by introducing Li+, Bi(Ni 1/2 Zr 1/2)O 3 and NaNbO 3 into KNN-based ceramics. An excellent energy storage (W) of 7.82 J/cm3 along with a large efficiency (η) of 81.8 % is achieved at the breakdown strength (BDS) of 500 kV/cm for the ceramics. Simultaneously, the remarkable energy storage thermal stability (Δ W rec : ∼ 2.9 %, Δ η : ∼ 3.9 %) is acquired in the range from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃. The splendid charging-discharging performances (discharge energy density W d = 1.78 J/cm3, current density C D = 1376 A/cm2, power density P D = 124 MW/cm3) are also realized in the ceramics after doping. By investigating the evolution of crystal structure and domain structure, complex impedance and first-principle calculations, the internal mechanism of obtaining superior energy storage properties is analyzed. Thus, this research proves that the ceramics can effectively broaden the temperature range of the applications for the pulsed power systems while maintaining high energy storage properties, which offers a valuable approach for the improvement of dielectric capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Cu-1.5 wt%Y (Cu-Y) and Cu-0.75 wt%Y-0.75 wt%La (Cu-Y-La) were prepared by mechanical alloying combined with spark plasm sintering and hot rolling, followed with annealing at different temperatures. The effects of the introduction of La and annealing temperatures on the microstructures, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and thermal stability of Cu-Y alloys were investigated. Both Cu-Y and Cu-Y-La obtain the heterogeneous mixed grain structures composed of coarse grains and fine grains, and oxide nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in Cu matrix. With the introduction of La, the grains and oxide nanoparticles are refined, and LaYO 3 nanoparticles with the coherent interfacial structure can be observed in Cu-Y-La. After annealing at 500 ℃, both Cu-Y and Cu-Y-La obtain the most excellent comprehensive tensile properties and highest electrical conductivity (63 %IACS for Cu-Y and 62 %IACS for Cu-Y-La). Benefited from effectively enhanced grain boundary strengthening and particle strengthening mechanisms induced by the combination effect of La and Y, Cu-Y-La shows higher strength than that of Cu-Y (after annealing at 500 ℃, 244 MPa of yield strength for Cu-Y and 300 MPa for Cu-Y-La). Meanwhile, benefited from improved dynamics stability of the Cu matrix induced by significantly refined precipitates and the formation of LaYO 3 nanoparticles with the coherent interfacial structure after introducing La, the better softening resistance is achieved by Cu-Y-La in comparsion with Cu-Y, and almost 100 ℃ improvement of the softening temperature is achieved (966 ℃ for Cu-Y-La and 870 ℃ for Cu-Y). • A novel system of Cu-Y-La alloy for the field of ITER is designed and prepared. • Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu alloys reinforced by rare earth elements are studied. • The significant improvement of mechanical property of Cu-Y alloy is achieved through the combination effect of Y and La. • The softening resistance of Cu-Y alloy is successfully improved through the combination effect of Y and La. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lesser mealworm protein gel (LMPG): a potential vitamin B 12 encapsulant. • Improved LMPG by a synergy of transglutaminase (TGase) and ultrasound (US) • Enhanced thermal stability and gelling in TGase-induced LMPG after 60 min-US. • A high controlled release rate of cobalamin under in vitro simulated digestion. • Developing new gluten-free bread products with vitamin B 12 -loaded gel powders. A combined approach of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) crosslinking and high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) was implemented to improve the physicochemical, rheological, structural, and thermal properties, as well as the targeted release of vitamin B 12 of lesser mealworm protein isolate (LMPI)-based gels. Prolonging HIU to 60 min significantly reduced LMPIs' size, polydispersity, zeta-potential, and fluorescence intensity while increasing surface hydrophobicity, free amino (FAGs), and sulfhydryl (FSGs) groups. The MTGase-catalyzed LMPI gels effectively decreased the content of FAGs and FSGs. LMPI gels from 60 and 75 min HIU and MTGase catalysis exhibited a shear-thinning flow behavior, superior thermal stability, and improved water retention and gel strength with the most controlled release of vitamin B 12 during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Incorporating freeze-dried gel powders from 60 min HIU-treated MTGase-catalyzed LMPI and pea protein isolate into the dough of a new gluten-free bread improved physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties, with notable vitamin B 12 retention rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]