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This volume contains eighteen papers that have been collected by the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics. It showcases rigorously-reviewed contemporary scholarship on an interesting variety of topics in the history and philosophy of mathematics, as well as the teaching of the history of mathematics. Some of the topics explored includeArabic editions of Euclid's Elements from the thirteenth century and their role in the assimilation of Euclidean geometry into the Islamic intellectual traditionPortuguese sixteenth century recreational mathematics as found in the Tratado de Prática Darysmetica A Cambridge correspondence course in arithmetic for women in England in the late nineteenth centuryThe mathematical interests of the famous Egyptologist Thomas Eric (T. E.) Peet The history of Zentralblatt für Mathematik and Mathematical Reviews and their role in creating a publishing infrastructure for a global mathematical literatureThe use of Latin squares for agricultural crop experiments at the Rothamsted Experimental StationThe many contributions of women to the advancement of computing techniques at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in the 1960sThe volume concludes with two short plays, one set in Ancient Mesopotamia and the other in Ancient Egypt, that are well suited for use in the mathematics classroom.Written by leading scholars in the field, these papers are accessible not only to mathematicians and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics, but also to anyone with a general interest in mathematics.

This volume collects papers based on talks given at the conference “Geometrias'19: Polyhedra and Beyond”, held in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto between September 5-7, 2019 in Portugal. These papers explore the conference's theme from an interdisciplinary standpoint, all the while emphasizing the relevance of polyhedral geometry in contemporary academic research and professional practice. They also investigate how this topic connects to mathematics, art, architecture, computer science, and the science of representation. Polyhedra and Beyond will help inspire scholars, researchers, professionals, and students of any of these disciplines to develop a more thorough understanding of polyhedra.

This volume contains eleven papers that have been collected by the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics/Société canadienne d'histoire et de philosophie des mathématiques. It showcases rigorously-reviewed contemporary scholarship on an interesting variety of topics in the history and philosophy of mathematics, as well as the teaching of the history of mathematics. Topics considered includeThe mathematics and astronomy in Nathaniel Torperly's only published work, Diclides Coelometricae, seu valvae astronomicae universalConnections between the work of Urbain Le Verrier, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, and Augustin-Louis Cauchy on the algebraic eigenvalue problemAn evaluation of Ken Manders'argument against conceiving of the diagrams in Euclid's Elements in semantic termsThe development of undergraduate modern algebra courses in the United StatesWays of using the history of mathematics to teachthe foundations of mathematical analysisWritten by leading scholars in the field, these papers are accessible not only to mathematicians and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics, but also to anyone with a general interest in mathematics.

This volume presents a selection of papers by Henry P. McKean, which illustrate the various areas in mathematics in which he has made seminal contributions. Topics covered include probability theory, integrable systems, geometry and financial mathematics. Each paper represents a contribution by Prof. McKean, either alone or together with other researchers, that has had a profound influence in the respective area.

This second volume of a collection of papers offers new perspectives and challenges in the study of logic. It is presented in honor of the fiftieth birthday of Jean-Yves Béziau. The papers touch upon a wide range of topics including paraconsistent logic, quantum logic, geometry of oppositions, categorical logic, computational logic, fundamental logic notions (identity, rule, quantification) and history of logic (Leibniz, Peirce, Hilbert).The volume gathers personal recollections about Jean-Yves Béziau and an autobiography, followed by 25 papers written by internationally distinguished logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, linguists and philosophers, including Irving Anellis, Dov Gabbay, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Istvan Németi, Henri Prade.These essays will be of interest to all students and researchers interested in the nature and future of logic.

Symbolic rewriting techniques are methods for deriving consequences from systems of equations, and are of great use when investigating the structure of the solutions. Such techniques appear in many important areas of research within computer algebra: • the Knuth-Bendix completion for groups, monoids and general term-rewriting systems, • the Buchberger algorithm for Gröbner bases, • the Ritt-Wu characteristic set method for ordinary differential equations, and • the Riquier-Janet method for partial differential equations. This volume contains invited and contributed papers to the Symbolic Rewriting Techniques workshop, which was held at the Centro Stefano Franscini in Ascona, Switzerland, from April 30 to May 4, 1995. That workshop brought together 40 researchers from various areas of rewriting techniques, the main goal being the investigation of common threads and methods. Following the workshops, each contribution was formally refereed and 14 papers were selected for publication.

This volume consists of twenty peer-reviewed papers from the special session on pseudodifferential operators and the special session on generalized functions and asymptotics at the Eighth Congress of ISAAC held at the Peoples'Friendship University of Russia in Moscow on August 22‒27, 2011. The category of papers on pseudo-differential operators contains such topics as elliptic operators assigned to diffeomorphisms of smooth manifolds, analysis on singular manifolds with edges, heat kernels and Green functions of sub-Laplacians on the Heisenberg group and Lie groups with more complexities than but closely related to the Heisenberg group, Lp-boundedness of pseudo-differential operators on the torus, and pseudo-differential operators related to time-frequency analysis. The second group of papers contains various classes of distributions and algebras of generalized functions with applications in linear and nonlinear differential equations, initial value problems and boundary value problems, stochastic and Malliavin-type differential equations. This second group of papers are related to the third collection of papers via the setting of Colombeau-type spaces and algebras in which microlocal analysis is developed by means of techniques in asymptotics. The volume contains the synergies of the three areas treated and is a useful complement to volumes 155, 164, 172, 189, 205 and 213 published in the same series in, respectively, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

FOREWORD This book came about as a result of two events: an exhibition on the Solvay Physics Councils, held in Brussels in May 1995, and a conference on the same theme which took place at the Free University of Brussels (ULB) on May 1Oth 1995. A book was published in French in conjunction with the exhibition, and much of the present publication is taken from that book. In addition, we have included some of the papers presented at the conference, as we believe they add a further dimension to the history of the Councils. The French term, Conseil Solvay, is usually translated into English as Solvay Conference or Congress. We have elected to retain the particular connotations of the French word Conseil by translating it instead as Council. The Councils were, after all, no ordinary conferences. Only a limited number of participants was invited, hand picked by a scientific committee, who for five to six days took an active part in the sessions and the long discussions that followed. Each day, one or two physicists would present a paper on a subject that had been chosen by the committee to fit in with the overall theme of the Council. The word Conseil expressly implies the gathering of an elite to engage in debate.

This volume contains twenty-one solicited articles by speakers at the IWOTA 2009 workshop, ranging from expository surveys to original research papers, each carefully refereed. The contributions reflect recent developments in operator theory and its applications. Consistent with the topics of recent IWOTA meetings, IWOTA 2009 was designed as a comprehensive, inclusive conference covering all aspects of theoretical and applied operator theory, ranging from classical analysis, differential and integral equations, complex and harmonic analysis to mathematical physics, mathematical systems and control theory, signal processing and numerical analysis. The conference brought together international experts for a week-long stay at Hotel Real de Minas, in an atmosphere conducive to fruitful professional interactions. These Proceedings reflect the high quality of the papers presented at the conference.

The idea of this book originated in the works presented at the First Latinamerican Conference on Mathematics in Industry and Medicine, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from November 27 to December 1, 1995. A variety of topics were discussed at this meeting. A large percentage of the papers focused on Wavelet and Harmonic Analysis. The theory and applications of this topic shown at the Conference were interesting enough to be published. Based on that we selected some works which make the core of this book. Other papers are contributions written by invited experts in the field to complete the presentation. All the works were written after the Conference. The purpose of this book is to present recent results as well as theo­ retical applied aspects of the subject. We have decided not to include a section devoted to the theoretical foundations of wavelet methods for non­ specialists. There are excellent introductions already available, for example, Chapter one in Wavelets in Medicine and Biology, edited by A. Aldroubi and M. Unser, 1996, or some of the references cited in the chapter.

About one half of the papers in this volume are based on lectures which were pre­ sented at a conference at Leipzig University in August 1994, which was dedicated to Vladimir Petrovich Potapov. He would have been eighty years old. These have been supplemented by: (1) Historical material, based on reminiscences of former colleagues, students and associates of V.P. Potapov. (2) Translations of a number of important papers (which serve to clarify the Potapov approach to problems of interpolation and extension, as well as a number of related problems and methods) and are relatively unknown in the West. (3) Two expository papers, which have been especially written for this volume. For purposes of discussion, it is convenient to group the technical papers in this volume into six categories. We will now run through them lightly, first listing the major theme, then in parentheses the authors of the relevant papers, followed by discussion. Some supplementary references are listed at the end; OT72 which appears frequently in this volume, refers to Volume 72 in the series Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. It was dedicated to V.P. Potapov. 1. Multiplicative decompositions (Yu.P. Ginzburg; M.S. Livsic, I.V. Mikhailova; V.I. Smirnov).

This is a collection of contributed papers which focus on recent results in areas of differential equations, function spaces, operator theory and interpolation theory. In particular, it covers current work on measures of non-compactness and real interpolation, sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalites, the HELP inequality, error estimates and spectral theory of elliptic operators, pseudo differential operators with discontinuous symbols, variable exponent spaces and entropy numbers. These papers contribute to areas of analysis which have been and continue to be heavily influenced by the leading British analysts David Edmunds and Des Evans. This book marks their respective 80th and 70th birthdays.

Matroid theory was invented in the middle of the 1930s by two mathematicians independently, namely, Hassler Whitney in the USA and Takeo Nakasawa in Japan. Whitney became famous, but Nakasawa remained anonymous until two decades ago. He left only four papers to the mathematical community, all of them written in the middle of the 1930s. It was a bad time to have lived in a country that had become as eccentric as possible. Just as Nazism became more and more flamboyant in Europe in the 1930s, Japan became more and more esoteric and fanatical in the same time period. This book explains the little that is known about Nakasawa's personal life in a Japan that had, among other failures, lost control over its military. This book contains his four papers in German and their English translations as well as some extended commentary on the history of Japan during those years. The book also contains 14 photos of him or his family. Although the veil of mystery surrounding Nakasawa's life hasonly been partially lifted, the work presented in this book speaks eloquently of a tragic loss to the mathematical community.

John Corcoran was a very well-known logician who worked on several areas of logic. He produced decisive works giving a better understanding of two major figures in the history of logic, Aristotle and Boole. Corcoran had a close association with Alfred Tarski, a prominent 20th-century logician. This collaboration manifested in Corcoran's substantial introduction to Tarski's seminal book, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics (1956). Additionally, Corcoran's posthumous editorial involvement in'What are logical notions?'(1986) breathed new life into this seminal paper authored by Tarski. His scholarly pursuits extended to the intricate explication of fundamental concepts in modern logic, including variables, propositions, truth, consequences, and categoricity. Corcoran's academic curiosity extended further to the intersection of ethics and logic, reflecting his contemplation of their interrelation. Beyond these theoretical contributions, Corcoran was deeply engaged in the pedagogical dimensions of logic instruction. This volume serves as a compilation of articles contributed by Corcoran's students, colleagues, and international peers. By encompassing a diverse range of subjects, this collection aptly mirrors Corcoran's wide-ranging interests, offering insights that not only deepen our understanding of his work but also advance the theoretical frameworks he explored.

This volume contains the contributions of the participants of the 13th International ISAAC Congress 2021, held in Ghent, Belgium.The papers, written by respected international experts, address recent results in mathematics, with a special focus on analysis. The volume provides to both specialists and non-specialists an excellent source of information on current research in mathematical analysis and its various interdisciplinary applications.

This volume is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding mathematician S.Ya. Khavinson. It begins with an expository paper by V.P. Havin presenting a comprehensive survey of Khavinson's works as well as certain biographical material. The complete bibliography following this paper has not previously been published anywhere. It consists of 163 items; a considerable part of these cannot be found in easily accessible sources. The book also contains a series of photographs and twelve original peer-reviewed research and expository papers by leading mathematicians worldwide, including the joint paper by S.Ya. Khavinson and T.S. Kuzina (the last publication of S.Ya. Khavinson).

This volume is the first of two containing selected papers from the International Conference on Advances in Mathematical Sciences (ICAMS), held at the Vellore Institute of Technology in December 2017. This meeting brought together researchers from around the world to share their work, with the aim of promoting collaboration as a means of solving various problems in modern science and engineering. The authors of each chapter present a research problem, techniques suitable for solving it, and a discussion of the results obtained. These volumes will be of interest to both theoretical- and application-oriented individuals in academia and industry.Papers in Volume I are dedicated to active and open areas of research in algebra, analysis, operations research, and statistics, and those of Volume II consider differential equations, fluid mechanics, and graph theory.

Over the past several decades, we have witnessed a renaissance of theoretical work on the macroscopic behavior of microscopically heterogeneous materials. This activity brings together a number of related themes, including: (1) the use of weak convergence as a rigorous yet general language for the discussion of macroscopic behavior; (2) interest in new types of questions, particularly the'G-closure problem,'motivated in large part by applications of optimal control theory to structural optimization; (3) the introduction of new methods for bounding effective moduli, including one based on'compensated compactness'; and (4) the identification of deep links between the analysis of microstructures and the multidimensional calculus of variations. This work has implications for many physical problems involving optimal design, composite materials, and coherent phase transitions. As a result, it has received attention and support from numerous scientific communities, including engineering, materials science, and physics, as well as mathematics. There is by now an extensive literature in this area. But for various reasons certain fundamental papers were never properly published, circulating instead as mimeographed notes or preprints. Other work appeared in poorly distributed conference proceedings volumes. Still other work was published in standard books or journals, but written in Russian or French. The net effect is a sort of'gap'in the literature, which has made the subject unnecessarily difficult for newcomers to penetrate. The present, softcover reprint is designed to make this classic text available to a wider audience.'Summarizes some of the fundamental results achieved and offers new perspectives in the mechanics of composite and micromechanics... Will become a classic in the two fields.'—Applied Mechanics Review

This is the first extensive biography of the influential German mathematician, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805 – 1859). Dirichlet made major contributions to number theory in addition to clarifying concepts such as the representation of functions as series, the theory of convergence, and potential theory. His mathematical methodology was explicitly based on a thorough knowledge of the work of his predecessors and his belief in the underlying unity of the branches of mathematics. This unified approach is exemplified in a paper that effectively launched the field of analytic number theory. The same orientation pervaded his teaching, which had a profound influence on the work of many mathematicians of subsequent generations. Chapters dealing with his mathematical work alternate with biographical chapters that place Dirichlet's life and those of some of his notable associates in the context of the political, social, and artistic culture of the period. This book will appeal notonly to mathematicians but also to historians of mathematics and sciences, and readers interested in the cultural and intellectual history of the nineteenth century.

To construct a compiler for a modern higher-level programming languagel one needs to structure the translation to a machine-like intermediate language in a way that reflects the semantics of the language. little is said about such struc­ turing in compiler texts that are intended to cover a wide variety of program­ ming languages. More is said in the Iiterature on semantics-directed compiler construction [1] but here too the viewpoint is very general (though limited to 1 languages with a finite number of syntactic types). On the other handl there is a considerable body of work using the continuation-passing transformation to structure compilers for the specific case of call-by-value languages such as SCHEME and ML [21 3]. ln this paperl we will describe a method of structuring the translation of ALGOL-like languages that is based on the functor-category semantics devel­ oped by Reynolds [4] and Oles [51 6]. An alternative approach using category theory to structure compilers is the early work of F. L. Morris [7]1 which anticipates our treatment of boolean expressionsl but does not deal with procedures. 2 Types and Syntax An ALGOL-like language is a typed lambda calculus with an unusual repertoire of primitive types. Throughout most of this paper we assume that the primi­ tive types are comm(and) int(eger)exp(ression) int(eger)acc(eptor) int(eger)var(iable) I and that the set 8 of types is the least set containing these primitive types and closed under the binary operation -.

The primary objective of this monograph is to develop an elementary and self­ contained approach to the mathematical theory of a viscous incompressible fluid in a domain 0 of the Euclidean space ]Rn, described by the equations of Navier­ Stokes. The book is mainly directed to students familiar with basic functional analytic tools in Hilbert and Banach spaces. However, for readers'convenience, in the first two chapters we collect without proof some fundamental properties of Sobolev spaces, distributions, operators, etc. Another important objective is to formulate the theory for a completely general domain O. In particular, the theory applies to arbitrary unbounded, non-smooth domains. For this reason, in the nonlinear case, we have to restrict ourselves to space dimensions n = 2,3 that are also most significant from the physical point of view. For mathematical generality, we will develop the lin­ earized theory for all n 2 2. Although the functional-analytic approach developed here is, in principle, known to specialists, its systematic treatment is not available, and even the diverse aspects available are spread out in the literature. However, the literature is very wide, and I did not even try to include a full list of related papers, also because this could be confusing for the student. In this regard, I would like to apologize for not quoting all the works that, directly or indirectly, have inspired this monograph.

This volume, written by his friends, collaborators and students, is offered to the memory of Paul Tunin. Most of the papers they contributed discuss subjects related to his own fields of research. The wide range of topics reflects the versatility of his mathematical activity. His work has inspired many mathematicians in analytic number theory, theory of functions of a complex variable, interpolation and approximation theory, numerical algebra, differential equations, statistical group theory and theory of graphs. Beyond the influence of his deep and important results he had the exceptional ability to communicate to others his enthusiasm for mathematics. One of the strengths of Turan was to ask unusual questions that became starting points of many further results, sometimes opening up new fields of research. We hope that this volume will illustrate this aspect of his work adequately. Born in Budapest, on August 28, 1910, Paul Turan obtained his Ph. D. under L. Fejer in 1935. His love for mathematies enabled him to work even under inhuman circumstances during the darkest years of the Second World War. One of his major achievements, his power sum method originated in this period. After the war he was visiting professor in Denmark and in Princeton. In 1949 he became professor at the Eotvos Lorand University of Budapest, a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a leading figure of the Hungarian mathematical community.

In his paper Theory of Communication [Gab46], D. Gabor proposed the use of a family of functions obtained from one Gaussian by time-and frequency­ shifts. Each of these is well concentrated in time and frequency; together they are meant to constitute a complete collection of building blocks into which more complicated time-depending functions can be decomposed. The application to communication proposed by Gabor was to send the coeffi­ cients of the decomposition into this family of a signal, rather than the signal itself. This remained a proposal-as far as I know there were no seri­ ous attempts to implement it for communication purposes in practice, and in fact, at the critical time-frequency density proposed originally, there is a mathematical obstruction; as was understood later, the family of shifted and modulated Gaussians spans the space of square integrable functions [BBGK71, Per71] (it even has one function to spare [BGZ75]...) but it does not constitute what we now call a frame, leading to numerical insta­ bilities. The Balian-Low theorem (about which the reader can find more in some of the contributions in this book) and its extensions showed that a similar mishap occurs if the Gaussian is replaced by any other function that is'reasonably'smooth and localized. One is thus led naturally to considering a higher time-frequency density.

The 7th International Workshop in Analysis and its Applications (IWAA) was held at the University of Maine, June 1-6, 1997 and featured approxi­ mately 60 mathematicians. The principal theme of the workshop shares the title of this volume and the latter is a direct outgrowth of the workshop. IWAA was founded in 1984 by Professor Caslav V. Stanojevic. The first meeting was held in the resort complex Kupuri, Yugoslavia, June 1-10, 1986, with two pilot meetings preceding. The Organization Committee to­ gether with the Advisory Committee (R. P. Boas, R. R. Goldberg, J. P. Kahne) set forward the format and content of future meetings. A certain number of papers were presented that later appeared individually in such journals as the Proceedings of the AMS, Bulletin of the AMS, Mathematis­ chen Annalen, and the Journal of Mathematical Analysis and its Applica­ tions. The second meeting took place June 1-10, 1987, at the same location. At the plenary session of this meeting it was decided that future meetings should have a principal theme. The theme for the third meeting (June 1- 10, 1989, Kupuri) was Karamata's Regular Variation. The principal theme for the fourth meeting (June 1-10, 1990, Kupuri) was Inner Product and Convexity Structures in Analysis, Mathematical Physics, and Economics. The fifth meeting was to have had the theme, Analysis and Foundations, organized in cooperation with Professor A. Blass (June 1-10, 1991, Kupuri).

This book is dedicated to the memory of Israel Gohberg (1928–2009) – one of the great mathematicians of our time – who inspired innumerable fellow mathematicians and directed many students. The volume reflects the wide spectrum of Gohberg's mathematical interests. It consists of more than 25 invited and peer-reviewed original research papers written by his former students, co-authors and friends. Included are contributions to single and multivariable operator theory, commutative and non-commutative Banach algebra theory, the theory of matrix polynomials and analytic vector-valued functions, several variable complex function theory, and the theory of structured matrices and operators. Also treated are canonical differential systems, interpolation, completion and extension problems, numerical linear algebra and mathematical systems theory.

This book gives an overview ofthe current state of nonlinear wave mechanics with emphasis on strong discontinuities (shock waves) and localized self­ preserving shapes (solitons) in both elastic and fluid media. The exposition is intentionallyat a detailed mathematical and physical level, our expectation being that the reader will enjoy coming to grips in a concrete manner with advances in this fascinating subject. Historically, modern research in nonlinear wave mechanics began with the famous 1858 piston problem paper of Riemann on shock waves and con­ tinued into the early part of the last century with the work of Hadamard, Rankine, and Hugoniot. After WWII, research into nonlinear propagation of dispersive waves rapidly accelerated with the advent of computers. Works of particular importance in the immediate post-war years include those of von Neumann, Fermi, and Lax. Later, additional contributions were made by Lighthill, Glimm, Strauss, Wendroff, and Bishop. Dispersion alone leads to shock fronts of the propagating waves. That the nonlinearity can com­ pensate for the dispersion, leading to propagation with a stable wave having constant velocity and shape (solitons) came as a surprise. A solitary wave was first discussed by J. Scott Russell in 1845 in'Report of British Asso­ ciations for the Advancement of Science.'He had, while horseback riding, observed a solitary wave travelling along a water channel and followed its unbroken progress for over a mile.

Evolution equations of hyperbolic or more general p-evolution type form an active field of current research. This volume aims to collect some recent advances in the area in order to allow a quick overview of ongoing research. The contributors are first rate mathematicians. This collection of research papers is centred around parametrix constructions and microlocal analysis; asymptotic constructions of solutions; energy and dispersive estimates; and associated spectral transforms. Applications concerning elasticity and general relativity complement the volume. The book gives an overview of a variety of ongoing current research in the field and, therefore, allows researchers as well as students to grasp new aspects and broaden their understanding of the area. ​

This volume is devoted to the life and work of the applied mathematician Professor Erhard Meister (1930-2001). He was a member of the editorial boards of this book series Operator The­ ory: Advances and Applications as well as of the journal Integral Equations and Operator Theory, both published by Birkhauser (now part of Springer-Verlag). Moreover he played a decisive role in the foundation of these two series by helping to establish contacts between Birkhauser and the founder and present chief editor of this book series after his emigration from Moldavia in 1974. The volume is divided into two parts. Part A contains reminiscences about the life of E. Meister including a short biography and an exposition of his professional work. Part B displays the wide range of his scientific interests through eighteen original papers contributed by authors with close scientific and personal relations to E. Meister. We hope that a great part of the numerous features of his life and work can be re-discovered from this book.

In the field known as'the mathematical theory of shock waves,'very exciting and unexpected developments have occurred in the last few years. Joel Smoller and Blake Temple have established classes of shock wave solutions to the Einstein­ Euler equations of general relativity; indeed, the mathematical and physical con­ sequences of these examples constitute a whole new area of research. The stability theory of'viscous'shock waves has received a new, geometric perspective due to the work of Kevin Zumbrun and collaborators, which offers a spectral approach to systems. Due to the intersection of point and essential spectrum, such an ap­ proach had for a long time seemed out of reach. The stability problem for'in­ viscid'shock waves has been given a novel, clear and concise treatment by Guy Metivier and coworkers through the use of paradifferential calculus. The L 1 semi­ group theory for systems of conservation laws, itself still a recent development, has been considerably condensed by the introduction of new distance functionals through Tai-Ping Liu and collaborators; these functionals compare solutions to different data by direct reference to their wave structure. The fundamental prop­ erties of systems with relaxation have found a systematic description through the papers of Wen-An Yong; for shock waves, this means a first general theorem on the existence of corresponding profiles. The five articles of this book reflect the above developments.

This book presents a unified approach for solving both stationary and nonstationary interpolation problems, in finite or infinite dimensions, based on the commutant lifting theorem from operator theory and the state space method from mathematical system theory. Initially the authors planned a number of papers treating nonstationary interpolation problems of Nevanlinna-Pick and Nehari type by reducing these nonstationary problems to stationary ones for operator-valued functions with operator arguments and using classical commutant lifting techniques. This reduction method required us to review and further develop the classical results for the stationary problems in this more general framework. Here the system theory turned out to be very useful for setting up the problems and for providing natural state space formulas for describing the solutions. In this way our work involved us in a much wider program than original planned. The final results of our efforts are presented here. The financial support in 1994 from the'NWO-stimulansprogramma'for the Thomas Stieltjes Institute for Mathematics in the Netherlands enabled us to start the research which lead to the present book. We also gratefully acknowledge the support from our home institutions: Indiana University at Bloomington, Purdue University at West Lafayette, Tel-Aviv University, and the Vrije Universiteit at Amsterdam. We warmly thank Dr. A.L. Sakhnovich for his carefully reading of a large part of the manuscript. Finally, Sharon Wise prepared very efficiently and with great care the troff file of this manuscript; we are grateful for her excellent typing.

The workshop on Applications and Computation of Orthogonal Polynomials took place March 22-28, 1998 at the Oberwolfach Mathematical Research Institute. It was the first workshop on this topic ever held at Oberwolfach. There were 46 participants from 13 countries, more than half coming from Germany and the United States, and a substantial number from Italy. A total of 23 plenary lectures were presented and 4 short informal talks. Open problems were discussed during an evening session. This volume contains refereed versions of 18 papers presented at, or submitted to, the conference. The theory of orthogonal polynomials, as a branch of classical analysis, is well established. But orthogonal polynomials play also an important role in many areas of scientific computing, such as least squares fitting, numerical integration, and solving linear algebraic systems. Though the basic tenets have their roots in 19th­ century mathematics, the use of modern computers has required the development and study of new algorithms that are accurate and robust. The computational methods and applications represented in this volume, of necessity, are incomplete, yet sufficiently varied to convey an impression of current activities in this area.

The aim of this work is to present several topics in time-frequency analysis as subjects in abelian group theory. The algebraic point of view pre­ dominates as questions of convergence are not considered. Our approach emphasizes the unifying role played by group structures on the development of theory and algorithms. This book consists of two main parts. The first treats Weyl-Heisenberg representations over finite abelian groups and the second deals with mul­ tirate filter structures over free abelian groups of finite rank. In both, the methods are dimensionless and coordinate-free and apply to one and multidimensional problems. The selection of topics is not motivated by mathematical necessity but rather by simplicity. We could have developed Weyl-Heisenberg theory over free abelian groups of finite rank or more generally developed both topics over locally compact abelian groups. However, except for having to dis­ cuss conditions for convergence, Haar measures, and other standard topics from analysis the underlying structures would essentially be the same. A re­ cent collection of papers [17] provides an excellent review of time-frequency analysis over locally compact abelian groups. A further reason for limiting the scope of generality is that our results can be immediately applied to the design of algorithms and codes for time­ frequency processing.

Toachieve design, implementation,and servicing ofcomplex systems and struc­ tures in an efficient and cost-effective way,a deeper knowledge and understanding of the subtle cast and detailed evolution of materials is needed. The analysis in demand borders with the molecular and atomic one, spanning all the way down from classical continua. The study of the behavior of complex materials in sophisticated devices also opens intricate questions about the applicability of primary axioms ofcontinuum mechanics such as the ultimate nature of the material element itselfand the possibility ofidentifying itperfectly. So it is necessary to develop tools that allow usto formulate both theoretical models and methods of numerical approximation for the analysis of material substructures. Multifield theories in continuum mechanics, which bridge classical materials science and modern continuum mechanics, provide precisely these tools. Multifield theories not only address problems of material substructures, but also encompass well-recognized approaches to the study of soft condensed matter and allow one to model disparate conditions in various states ofmatter. However, research inmultifield theories is vast, and there is little in the way of a comprehensive distillation of the subject from an engineer's perspective. Therefore, the papers in the present volume, 1 which grew out of our experience as editors for an engineeringjournal, tackle some fundamental questions,suggest solutions of concrete problems, and strive to interpret a host of experimental evidence. In this spirit, each of the authors has contributed original results having in mind their wider applicability.

This book contains survey papers based on the lectures presented at the 3rd International Winter School “Modern Problems of Mathematics and Mechanics” held in January 2010 at the Belarusian State University, Minsk. These lectures are devoted to different problems of modern analysis and its applications. An extended presentation of modern problems of applied analysis will enable the reader to get familiar with new approaches of mostly interdisciplinary character. The results discussed are application oriented and present new insight into applied problems of growing importance such as applications to composite materials, anomalous diffusion, and fluid dynamics.

The study of the connections between mathematical automata and for­ mal logic is as old as theoretical computer science itself. In the founding paper of the subject, published in 1936, Turing showed how to describe the behavior of a universal computing machine with a formula of first­ order predicate logic, and thereby concluded that there is no algorithm for deciding the validity of sentences in this logic. Research on the log­ ical aspects of the theory of finite-state automata, which is the subject of this book, began in the early 1960's with the work of J. Richard Biichi on monadic second-order logic. Biichi's investigations were extended in several directions. One of these, explored by McNaughton and Papert in their 1971 monograph Counter-free Automata, was the characterization of automata that admit first-order behavioral descriptions, in terms of the semigroup­ theoretic approach to automata that had recently been developed in the work of Krohn and Rhodes and of Schiitzenberger. In the more than twenty years that have passed since the appearance of McNaughton and Papert's book, the underlying semigroup theory has grown enor­ mously, permitting a considerable extension of their results. During the same period, however, fundamental investigations in the theory of finite automata by and large fell out of fashion in the theoretical com­ puter science community, which moved to other concerns.

A collection of 20 refereed research or review papers presented at a six-day seminar in Switzerland. The contributions focus on stochastic analysis, its applications to the engineering sciences, and stochastic methods in financial models, which was the subject of a minisymposium.

This is the second volume of the proceedings of the third European Congress of Mathematics. Volume I presents the speeches delivered at the Congress, the list of lectures, and short summaries of the achievements of the prize winners as well as papers by plenary and parallel speakers. The second volume collects articles by prize winners and speakers of the mini-symposia.This two-volume set thus gives an overview of the state of the art in many fields of mathematics and is therefore of interest to every professional mathematician.

This volume provides a general overview of discrete- and continuous-time Markov control processes and stochastic games, along with a look at the range of applications of stochastic control and some of its recent theoretical developments. These topics include various aspects of dynamic programming, approximation algorithms, and infinite-dimensional linear programming. In all, the work comprises 18 carefully selected papers written by experts in their respective fields. Optimization, Control, and Applications of Stochastic Systems will be a valuable resource for all practitioners, researchers, and professionals in applied mathematics and operations research who work in the areas of stochastic control, mathematical finance, queueing theory, and inventory systems. It may also serve as a supplemental text for graduate courses in optimal control and dynamic games.

Multiple Dirichlet Series, L-functions and Automorphic Forms gives the latest advances in the rapidly developing subject of Multiple Dirichlet Series, an area with origins in the theory of automorphic forms that exhibits surprising and deep connections to crystal graphs and mathematical physics. As such, it represents a new way in which areas including number theory, combinatorics, statistical mechanics, and quantum groups are seen to fit together. The volume also includes papers on automorphic forms and L-functions and related number-theoretic topics. This volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in number theory, combinatorics, representation theory, mathematical physics, and special functions.Contributors: J. Beineke, B. Brubaker, D. Bump, G. Chinta, G. Cornelissen, C.A. Diaconu, S. Frechette, S. Friedberg, P. Garrett, D. Goldfeld, P.E. Gunnells, B. Heim, J. Hundley, D. Ivanov, Y. Komori, A.V. Kontorovich, O. Lorscheid, K. Matsumoto, P.J. McNamara, S.J. Patterson, M. Suzuki, H. Tsumura.

The development of time scales is still in its infancy, yet as inroads are made, interest is gathering steam. Of a great deal of interest are methods being intro­ duced for dynamic equations on time scales, which now explain some discrepancies that have been encountered when results for differential equations and their dis­ crete counterparts have been independently considered. The explanations of these seeming discrepancies are incidentally producing unifying results via time scales methods. The study of dynamic equations on time scales is a fairly new subject, and research in this area is rapidly growing. It has been created in order to unify continuous and discrete analysis, and it allows a simultaneous treatment of dif­ ferential and difference equations, extending those theories to so-called dynamic equations. An introduction to this subject is given in Dynamic Equations on Time Scales: An Introduction with Applications (MARTIN BOHNER and ALLAN PETER­ SON, Birkhauser, 2001 [86]). The current book is designed to supplement this introduction and to offer access to the vast literature that has already emerged in this field. It consists of ten chapters, written by an international team of 21 experts in their areas, thus providing an overview of the recent advances in the theory on time scales. We want to emphasize here that this book is not just a collection of papers by different authors.

This volume contains a selection of articles on the theme'vector measures, integration and applications'together with some related topics. The articles consist of both survey style and original research papers, are written by experts in thearea and present a succinct account of recent and up-to-date knowledge. The topic is interdisciplinary by nature and involves areas such as measure and integration (scalar, vector and operator-valued), classical and harmonic analysis, operator theory, non-commutative integration, andfunctional analysis. The material is of interest to experts, young researchers and postgraduate students

Baroque architect and mathematician Guarino Guarini is the subject of this issue of the Nexus Network Journal. A group of international scholars were invited to contribute papers that shed light on the unanswered questions in several areas: Baroque architecture in general and Guarini's architecture in particular; philosophy; history of structural mechanics; mathematics and history of mathematics, cosmology. As always, the NNJ takes an interdisciplinary approach to the broad range of subjects that Guarini concerned himself with, thus the final results will add significantly to our understanding of how Guarini's actual practical and technical processes were informed by knowledge of his multifaceted scientific and philosophical interests.

Since the beginning of the modern era of algebraic topology, simplicial methods have been used systematically and effectively for both computation and basic theory. With the development of Quillen's concept of a closed model category and, in particular, a simplicial model category, this collection of methods has become the primary way to describe non-abelian homological algebra and to address homotopy-theoretical issues in a variety of fields, including algebraic K-theory. This book supplies a modern exposition of these ideas, emphasizing model category theoretical techniques. Discussed here are the homotopy theory of simplicial sets, and other basic topics such as simplicial groups, Postnikov towers, and bisimplicial sets. The more advanced material includes homotopy limits and colimits, localization with respect to a map and with respect to a homology theory, cosimplicial spaces, and homotopy coherence. Interspersed throughout are many results and ideas well-known to experts, but uncollected in the literature. Intended for second-year graduate students and beyond, this book introduces many of the basic tools of modern homotopy theory. An extensive background in topology is not assumed. Reviews:'… a book filling an obvious gap in the literature and the authors have done an excellent job on it. No monograph or expository paper has been published on this topic in the last twenty-eight years.'- Analele Universitatii din Timisoara'… is clearly presented and a brief summary preceding every chapter is useful to the reader. The book should prove enlightening to a broad range of readers including prospective students and researchers who want to apply simplicial techniques for whatever reason.'- Zentralblatt MATH'… they succeed. The book is an excellent account of simplicial homotopy theory from a modern point of view […] The bookis well written. […] The book can be highly recommended to anybody who wants to learn and to apply simplicial techniques and/or the theory of (simplicial) closed model categories.'- Mathematical Reviews

Mathematicians do not work in isolation. They stand in a long and time honored tradition. They write papers and (sometimes) books, they read the publications of fellow workers in the?eld, and they meet other mathematicians at conferences all over the world. In this way, in contact with colleagues far away and nearby, from the past (via their writings) and from the present, scienti?c results are obtained whicharerecognizedasvalid.Andthat–remarkablyenough–regardlessofethnic background, political inclination or religion. In this process, some distinguished individuals play a special and striking role. They assume a position of leadership. They guide the people working with them through uncharted territory, thereby making a lasting imprint on the?eld. So- thing which can only be accomplished through a combination of rare talents: - usually broad knowledge, unfailing intuition and a certain kind of charisma that binds people together. AllofthisispresentinIsraelGohberg,themantowhomthisbookisdedicated,on theoccasionof his 80thbirthday.This comes to the foregroundunmistakably from the contributions from those who worked with him or whose life was a?ected by him. Gohberg'sexceptionalqualitiesarealsoapparentfromthe articleswritten by himself, sometimes jointly with others, that are reproduced in this book. Among these are stories of his life, some dealing with mathematical aspects, others of a more general nature. Also included are reminiscences paying tribute to a close colleaguewho isnotamongusanymore,speechesorreviewshighlightingthework and personality of a friend or esteemed colleague, and responses to the laudatio's connected with the several honorary degrees that were bestowed upon him.

A tribute to the vision and legacy of Israel Moiseevich Gelfand, the invited papers in this volume reflect the unity of mathematics as a whole, with particular emphasis on the many connections among the fields of geometry, physics, and representation theory. Written by leading mathematicians, the text is broadly divided into two sections: the first is devoted to developments at the intersection of geometry and physics, and the second to representation theory and algebraic geometry. Topics include conformal field theory, K-theory, noncommutative geometry, gauge theory, representations of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and various aspects of the Langlands program. Graduate students and researchers will benefit from and find inspiration in this broad and unique work, which brings together fundamental results in a number of disciplines and highlights the rewards of an interdisciplinary approach to mathematics and physics. Contributors: M. Atiyah; A. Braverman; H. Brezis; T. Coates; A. Connes; S. Debacker; V. Drinfeld; L.D. Faddeev; M. Finkelberg; D. Gaitsgory; I.M. Gelfand; A. Givental; D. Kazhdan; M. Kontsevich; B. Kostant; C-H. Liu; K. Liu; G. Lusztig; D. McDuff; M. Movshev; N.A. Nekrasov; A. Okounkov; N. Reshetikhin; A. Schwarz; Y. Soibelman; C. Vafa; A.M. Vershik; N. Wallach; and S-T. Yau.

This volume is dedicated to John Benedetto. It seems just yesterday that we celebrated his 60th birthday in a memorable conference in College Park. Yet that was October of 1999, and already more than six years have passed. But John is still too young to be fully honored by a single foreword,or even a singlevolume,thatattemptstosummarizetheimpactofhisworkonharmonic analysis, his students, and his coworkers.Given his continuing high (and even increasing) level of activities, his list of “lifetime achievements” is surely far from complete. Even so, we will make an attempt in this foreword to take a look back, to see the major lines of his work and activities during the past 40 years of his life as a scientist, and to learn from his biography (and bibliography) how the?eld of harmonic analysis has changed over the years, and in particular to see the vibrant role that John has taken in this process. John's?rst paper appeared in 1965, when he was 25 years old, and his?rst book (the Springer Lecture Notes on Harmonic Analysis on Totally D- connected Sets) when he was 31. By that time he had already published on the subjects of Tauberian algebras, in the theory of generalized functions, and on questions related to spectral synthesis. His work on this latter topic continued through the 1970s, culminating in the insightful volume Spectral Synthesis (1975). Only a year later, his text Real Variables and Integration with Historical Notes appeared.