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Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal scintillators were originally developed for medical applications. Owing to their high density, small Molière radius, fast response, and high radiation hardness, LYSO crystals have also suitable for future homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeters. Due to these features, LYSO is considered to be used for the electromagnetic calorimeter part of the Turkish Accelerator Center Particle Factory (TAC-PF) detector. In this research, by employing the GEANT4 toolkit program, we simulated a set of crystal, and their energy resolutions were obtained for different lengths at the energy range of 50 MeV - 2 GeV. Depending on the crystal length, contributions to the constant term of the energy resolution were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PADME experiment, starting data taking this year at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Italy will search for the e+e → γA′ process in a positron-on-target experiment, assuming a decay of the A′ into invisible particles of the hidden sector. 550 MeV positron beam from the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility will impinge on a thin diamond target and the recoil photon will be registered by a segmented crystal calorimeter, allowing to reconstruct the missing mass of the event. The suppression of the background due to bremsstrahlung emission from the beam positrons requires high efficient charged particle detectors with optimized geometry and sub ns time resolution. A fine-grained plastic scintillator veto composed of three stations in vacuum is being assembled and will be operational in PADME. Two stations are placed inside a dipole magnet with 0.6 T magnetic field and will also provide momentum measurement at the 5 percent level. The light is taken by WLS fibers to a custom developed SiPM readout system which allows to achieve time resolution of the order of 500 ps. The design of the charged particle vetoes and their initial performance is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report current status of the LEPS2 solenoid spectrometer for photoproduction experiments at SPring-8. A large solenoid LEPS2 spectrometer consists of a time projection chamber (TPC), drift chambers, resistive plate chambers and Pb/scintillator sampling calorimeters for photoproduction of hadrons in the energy range from 1.4 to 2.9 GeV. We have developed a new, network-distributed data acquisition system based on DAQ-middleware framework. The DAQ middleware components include gatherers collecting data from detector sub-systems, mergers integrating data from gatherers, and an event builder in the data acquisition software. Over ten thousand pad signals from the TPC are digitized with 40 MS 12-bit flash ADCs and then sent to a TPC gatherer through Space-Wire protocol. During the beam commissioning, Compton-backscattered photon beam was incident on a CH2 target in the energy region from 1.4 GeV to 2.4 GeV. We report on the performance test results of the new DAQ system with beam commissioning of the LEPS2 spectrometer as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PADME experiment, at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) of INFN will perform a search for the production of a low mass gauge boson A′ of a new U(1) symmetry, exploiting a novel positron-on-target-annihilation technique, e+ + e− → γ + A′. The DAΦNE linac will provide 550 MeV positrons directed towards a thin diamond target. The events reconstruction will employ a measurement of the energy and the direction of the recoil photon by a segmented crystal calorimeter, thus allowing the reconstruction of the A′ mass as the missing mass in the final state. A fine-grained plastic scintillator veto composed of three stations in vacuum will suppress the background due to bremsstrahlung emission and a fast Cerenkov detector will help with the multiphoton events rejection. PADME expects to reach sensitivity on the relative coupling strength (ϵ² parameter) down to 10−6, in the mass region 1 MeV < MA′ < 22.5 MeV, for one year of data taking with a 550 MeV beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GLD calorimeter, which is under study to aim as the calorimeter of ILC detector with an idea of Particle Flow, is described and discussed. The calorimeter consists of ECAL and HCAL. Both calorimeters are composed of plastic scintillator as the active medium. Fine granularity is required to achieve Particle Flow, so a small scintillator tile technique is developed with wavelength shifting fiber of MPPC read out. The requirements and our solutions for them are discussed and presented. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active modules of the CALICE scintillator HCAL (or AHCAL for analog hadronic calorimeter) prototype are being commissioned using cosmic muons and the DESY electron test beam. These first data allow to check the functionality of the photo-detectors, the readout chain and the calibration electronics; and to test the performance of the entire system. This proceeding will discuss first operational experience, calibration and correction procedures, data analysis and results. The status of preparations for the first hadron beam measurements to start in summer 2006, and the data taking plans are also presented. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision crystal calorimeters traditionally play an important role in high energy physics experiments. In the last two decades, it faces a challenge to maintain its precision in a hostile radiation environment. This paper reviews the performance of crystal calorimeters constructed for high energy physics experiments and the progress achieved in understanding crystal’s radiation damage as well as in developing high quality scintillating crystals for particle physics. Potential applications of new generation scintillating crystals of high density and high light yield, such as LSO and LYSO, in particle physics experiments is also discussed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PARIS calorimeter is an apparatus intended for the future SPIRAL2 facility in Caen, France. It will comprise a spherical shell of scintillators detectors making extensive use of LaBr3(Ce) - a relatively new material with excellent energy resolution (∼3% at 662-keV). The individual detector modules will be of a phoswich design where the fast LaBr3(Ce) crystal is optically coupled to a slower conventional crystal like NaI and the scintillation light is collected with a single photomultiplier tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis techniques in LHCf are presented, in which all techniques are required to have a high resolution and efficiency in order to overcome the severe situation, small lateral aperture and longitudinally short length of the detector. In this paper, methods for reconstructing an energy of electromagnetic shower are discussed following the data flow of measured data and Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment, designed to directly measure cosmic-ray particle energies from ∼1011 to ∼1015 eV, had two successful flights since December 2004, with a total duration of 70 days. The CREAM calorimeter is comprised of 20 layers of 1 radiation length (X0) tungsten interleaved with 20 active layers each made up of fifty 1 cm wide scintillating fiber ribbons. The scintillation signals are read out with multi pixel Hybrid Photo Diodes (HPDs), VA32-HDR2/TA32C ASICs and LTC1400 ADCs. During detector construction, various tests were carried out using radioactive sources, UV-LEDs, and particle beams. We will present results from these tests and show preliminary results from the two flights. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electromagnetic barrel calorimeter is one of the main components of the planned GlueX experiment. It will consist of 48 modules made of consecutive layers of 4 m long lead sheet and fast green scintillator fibers for an overall number of approximately 3000 readout channels with silicon-photomultiplier-based photo-sensors for light collection. The calorimeter is expected to achieve energy and time resolution better than [formula] and 200 ps, respectively. In this contribution we present an overview of the calorimeter design and some preliminary studies of its performance using Monte Carlo simulations and beam test measurements. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a report on design and performance studies towards an iron/scintillator-tile sandwich calorimeter which is the first choice of the ECFA/DESY study group for a TESLA detector. The hadronic calorimeter (HCAL) is combined with an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) in front, both operate in a 4 T longitudinal magnetic field. The ECAL is also presented in these proceedings [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We constructed a set of prototype preshower and shower-maximum detectors to be attached in front of the main calorimeter. The performance of the detectors were studied in combination with a lead/plastic-scintillator calorimeter module using high energy beams up to 100 GeV at a test beam facility at Fermilab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chosen way to improve sensitivity for doublebeta search is to build a SuperNEMO detector, based on the same detection principle as the NEMO-3 detector: firstly, reconstruction of the trajectories of the 2 electrons, then measurement of their energies and arrival time by calorimeters. The goal of the SuperNEMO detector is to reach a sensitivity on the order of 1026 year on the half-life of the process of double beta decay without neutrino emission. The chosen isotopes for the future detector are 82Se and 150Nd, because of the reduced background. The collaboration has started a 3-year R&D developpement on all components: tracking detector, calorimeter, source enrichment and purification, radiopurity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this presentation we report on the electromagnetic calorimeter of the 4π detector PANDA to be installed at the antiproton storage ring of the proposed Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). We present details of the R&D work with two scintillator materials, PbWO4 (PWO) and BGO, and the new developed large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) as detector readout. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hunt for the neutrino mass in the process of the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νβ β) belongs to a crucial task in the field of physics beyond the Standard model. The next generation experiment SuperNEMO, based on the NEMO-3 calo-tracko detection technique is devoted to measure this extremely rare nuclear process within the half-life sensitivity T1/20v of 1 × 1026 years, which correspond to the sensitivity on the effective neutrino mass mν〉 of 40 – 110 meV. In this contribution, a progress in the construction and commissioning of the first SuperNEMO module - demonstrator, is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Generalized Parton Distributions extends classical parton distributions by giving a “3-dimensional” view of the nucleons, allowing to study correlations between the parton longitudinal momentum and its transverse position in the nucleon. Measurements of such generalized distributions can be done with the COMPASS experiment, in particular using Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering events. They require to modify the set-up of COMPASS by introducing a recoil proton detector, an additional electromagnetic calorimeter and a new liquid hydrogen target. These upgrades are presently under study, and the first data taking could take place in 2010. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sandwich type of the tile-fiber hadron calorimeter was constructed and tested at KEK and Fermilab. The energy resolution, linearity and e/π ratio were measured. The results indicate that the detector is quite promising for the calorimeter of the Linear Collider detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two techniques for longitudinal segmentation of Shashlik calorimeters are proposed and tested in order to prove the feasibility of an ElectroMagnetic calorimeter based on the Shashlik technology for a detector at a future Linear Collider. Results concerning energy resolution and e/π separation are reported and the basic concepts of a Linear Collider calorimeter are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCal) is one of the sub-detectors of MPD/NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility). FHCal consists of two arms, each containing 44 modules. Modules have longitudinal segmentation and are divided into 7 equal sections. Each section contains 6 pairs of lead-scintillator plates. FHCal's main goal is to determine geometry of ion collision by measuring the energy distribution of spectators. In order to determine the energy distribution in FHCal, modules were calibrated with cosmic muons. Another important goal facing FHCal is determination of ion collision point in MPD during first stage of MPD's operation, when no precise ways of doing this will be available. Two methods are presented in this work: using energy distribution in FHCal and using difference in time pulses from opposite FHCal arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to steady-state simulations of a cooling process of crystals, adjacent APFEL asics and other parts (holders, casings etc.) of the PANDA EMC detector. This calorimeter detector is part of a new international FAIR accelerator complex that has been under construction on the outskirts of Wixhausen in Germany for several years. The detector is based on the principle of scintillation and thus it is crucial to keep the scintillation crystals at low temperatures between -30 and -20 °C. Moreover, it is necessary to maintain a homogeneous temperature field among all the crystals. The contribution describes the main challenges that must be overcome in order to come up with a feasible cooling system. The proposed designs and results of CFD simulations are also presented. All simulations were done using a commercial software ANSYS CFX 2019R1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCal) is one of the sub-detectors of MPD/NICA experiment that is under construction in Dubna, Russia. Its main aim is determination of geometry of heavy ion collisions by measuring the energy distribution of spectators (nucleons that do not participate in collision). FHCal consists of two 44-module arms, placed symmetrically at left and right sides from the interaction point. Every module has a sandwich structure of 42 lead-scintillator plates divided in 7 equal segments. In order to determine the energy of absorbed nucleons, FHCal modules must be properly calibrated. The methods of calibration with cosmic muons are presented in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AMoRE (Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment) collaboration is using calcium molybdate (dep48Ca 100MoO4) crystals enriched in 100Mo and depleted in 48Ca to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (DBD) of 100Mo using at the underground laboratory in Korea. Metallic magnetic calorimeters operating a milliKelvin temperatures are used as temperature sensors to measure heat and light signals from the crystals. The simultaneous and fast detection capabilities for both phonons and photons, and their excellent energy resolution provide powerful methods for identifying DBD signals and rejecting background events, which are mainly due to random coincidences between two uncorrelated two-neutrino-double-beta decays of 100Mo. The AMoRE-Pilot experiment that is currently underway uses a 1.5 kg, five-element array of dep48Ca 100MoO4 crystals. The ultimate goal is a ~200 kg array of crystals and a half-life sensitivity of order 1026 years, which will access the inverted hierarchy region for effective Majorana neutrino masses, i.e., 0.02 to 0.05 eV. In this talk, we present recent progress on the development of low-background calcium molybdate detectors and results from room- and milli-Kelvin temperatures. Sensitivities based on GEANT4 simulations that incorporate measured background are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SuperNEMO is a double beta decay experiment that will use a tracko-calorimeter technique. The goal is to reach a sensitivity of T1/2(0ν)>1026 y corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of 0.04-0.11 eV with 100 kg of 82Se. The general strategy of the HPGe screening measurements is described for the materials of the SuperNEMO demonstrator, regarding their radiopurity and their location. The two platforms, PRISNA and LSM, used for this screening are also briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observation of diffraction at LHC with the CMS detector at [formula] and 2360 GeV is presented, along with a comparison of the data with the predictions of the PYTHIA and PHOJET generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon is a well-known source of background with respect to the search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ), due to the high Qβ value of one of its daughter nucleus 214Bi. Radon has been observed and reduced down to 6.5 mBq/m3 in the NEMO-3 experiment which is looking for the 0νββ process in 100Mo and in six other isotopes. The SuperNEMO project, a next-generation double beta decay experiment which will also use a tracko-calorimeter technique, has been in an R&D phase since 2006. The goal is to reach a sensitivity of T1/2(0ν)>1026 y corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of 0.05-0.1 eV with 100 kg of 82Se. Such a sensitivity requires in particular to improve the radon radiopurity down to 0.1 mBq/m3 in the tracking chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the only LHC experiment at CERN fully dedicated to the study of the quark and gluon plasma. Driven by the RHIC results on jet quenching, the ALICE collaboration has proposed to extend the capabilities of the ALICE detector for the study of high momentum photons and jets by adding a large acceptance calorimeter. This EMCal (ElectroMagnetic Calorimeter) is designed to provide an unbiased fast high-pT trigger and to measure the neutral energy of jets and photons up to 200 GeV. Four over ten supermodules of the calorimeter have been installed and commissioned at CERN in 2009 which represents 40% of the full acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SuperNEMO experiment aims to reach a sensitivity up to 1026 years on the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay. The chosen way is to build a “tracko-calo” detector with at least 100 kg of betabeta isotope. The current status of the main R&D tasks will be presented: enrichment and production of source foil, radiopurity control, tracker and calorimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison between the Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation of CMS Detector’s Calorimetric System and data from the 2004 Test-Beam at CERN’s SPS H2 beam-line is presented. The overall simulated response agrees quite well with the measured response. Slight differences in the longitudinal shower profiles between the MC predictions made with different Physics Lists are observed. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-degree calorimeters have limited space and extreme levels of radiation. A simple, low cost, radiation hard design uses tungsten metal as the absorber and a suitable liquid as the Cˇerenkov radiator. In other applications a PPAC (Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter) operating with a suitable atmospheric-pressure gas is an attractive active material for a calorimeter. It can be made radiation hard and has sufficient gain in the gas that no electronic components are needed near the detector. It works well even with the highest concentration of shower particles. For this pressure range, R134A (used in auto air conditioners) has many desirable features. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), two nuclear medicine imaging modalities broadly used in clinics and research, share many common instrumentation, detector, and electronics technology platforms with calorimetry in high-energy physics, astronomy, and other physics sciences. Historically, advances made in calorimetry had played major roles in the development of novel approaches and critical technologies essential to the evolution of PET and SPECT. There have also been examples in which PET/SPECT developments had led to new techniques in calorimetry for other application areas. In recent years, several innovations have propelled advances in both calorimetry in general and PET/SPECT in particular. Examples include time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), etc. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New generation hadron colliders are going to reach unprecedented energies and radiation levels. Quartz has been identified as a radiation-hard material that can be used for Cˇerenkov calorimeters of the future experiments. We report from the radiation hardness tests performed on quartz fibers, as well as the characteristics of the quartz fiber and plate Cˇerenkov calorimeters that have been built, designed, and proposed for the CMS experiment. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proton Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZP) for the ALICE experiment will measure the energy of the spectator protons in heavy ion collisions at the CERN LHC. Since all the spectator protons have the same energy, the calorimeter’s response is proportional to their number, providing a direct information on the centrality of the collision. The ZP is a spaghetti calorimeter, which collects and measures the Cherenkov light produced by the shower particles in silica optical fibers embedded in a brass absorber. The details of its construction will be shown. The calorimeter was tested at the CERN SPS using pion and electron beams with momenta ranging from 50 to 200 GeV/c. The response of the calorimeter and its energy resolution have been studied as a function of the beam energy. Also, the signal uniformity and a comparison between the transverse profile of the hadronic and electromagnetic shower are presented. Moreover, the differences between the calorimeter’s responses to protons and pions of the same energy have been investigated, exploiting the proton contamination in the positive pion beams. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the jet response of the CMS calorimeter which will be used to study pp collisions at Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland at [formula]. The electromagnetic section of calorimeter consists of lead tungstate crystals which gives an excellent resolution for electrons. The hadron section is brass-scintillator sampling calorimeter read by wavelength shifting fibers in the central region (|η| < 3.0) and steel/quartz-fibers in the forward (3.0 < |η| < 5.0) region. Extensive test beam calibration data has been collected. A GEANT-based calorimeter simulation has been tuned to reproduce the test beam measurements. The calorimeter response to jets has been determined using this tuned simulation. We describe the calorimeter response to jets, the jet energy resolution, and the procedure we plan to use to establish the jet energy scale from a combination of test beam and pp data when we start taking data in September 2007. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STAR Collaboration has nearly completed installation of electromagnetic calorimetry covering the full azimuth and pseudorapidity range -1 < η < 2. These calorimeters are essential for the STAR spin program, which requires efficient triggers for high-pT jets, mesons, and photons. The results of this program will constrain Δg, the gluon contribution to the proton spin. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the CRESST experiment at Gran Sasso using 262 g sapphire calorimeters with tungsten phase transition thermometers are presented. Calibration and analysis methods are described. Data taken in 2000 have been used to place limits on WIMP dark matter particles in the galactic halo. The sapphire detectors are especially sensitive for low-mass WIMPS with spindependent interaction and improve on existing limits in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the future linear collider, most of the interesting physics processes have many jets in the final state. For this reason, the design of the calorimeter has to be evaluated through the jets reconstruction (Eflow). In the calorimeter session, about half of the talks were related to Eflow, the second half concerning the hardware side of the studies. All groups agreed on the importance of quantifying the proposed detector through a reconstruction program of the multi-jet events. A first attempt to reconstruct with fully simulated events using the ECFA proposed detector, reached a jet energy resolution of ΔE[sub JET] ∼ 40% √E[sub JET] which seemed mandatory for the very rich physics program on the Linear Collider. It corresponds to a significant improvement when compared to LEP/SLD experiments. To reach this kind of value both ECFA and LCD(US) groups followed the road of sampling calorimeter, with a large number of segmentations and a small pad size. It is not the case of JLC-group which took the road of hardware compensated calorimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]