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By means of standard Thomas–Fermi approximation, we present stable solutions of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) multihump soliton structures, including 1D and 2D modulated solitons as well as 2D soliton clusters, supported by inhomogeneous defocusing nonlinear Kerr media. Such nonlinear settings may apply to nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates. All the 1D and 2D fundamental modes with different numbers of humps (for both modulated solitons and soliton clusters) are demonstrated to be robustly stable. Besides, the considered 2D nonlinear setting also supports a vast varieties of vortex modes—vortex soliton clusters. Such novel type of vortex soliton clusters is qualitatively different from the ordinary vortex clusters, on the account of the fact that the latter type is a single large soliton with several-vortex configurations inside it, while our predicted vortex clusters structures are composed of the arrays of unitary vortex solitons. Stability regions for all the soliton structures are identified via linear stability analysis and direct simulations. • Approximate analytical solutions of modulated solitons and soliton clusters under inhomogeneous defocusing nonlinear Kerr media are obtained. • The solutions are produced by means of the standard Thomas–Fermi approximation. • Modulated solitons, soliton and vortex clusters are demonstrated to be stable profiles under such inhomogeneous defocusing nonlinear media. • The modulated solitons, soliton and vortex clusters predicted here may be realized in experiments in nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates by means of the state of-the-art technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, indigenous pigs are popular due to their excellent meat quality and unique flavor. In this study, the unique flavor was investigated using Guangdong small-ear spotted pig (GD) and their hybrid progeny, which produced high-end pork in the Chinese market. Two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF MS) was used to analyze and quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the two pork types for identifying the unique flavor of these very popular pigs. The flavor is imparted by alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and ethers. Flavor imparting compounds mainly include methyl isobutyl ketone, octane, pentane, and 3-ethyl-2, 2-dimethylheptane. High levels of volatilization of such compounds generated ethereal, acetonic, sweet, and green odors in the pork of GD. Hybrid offspring of Chinese and Western pig breeds can also inherit such special aromas, which are sometimes even more intense, with increased meat yield. Multi-omics analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome showed that AMD1 (Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase 1) affects the p-cresol content by regulating the polyamine pathway, affecting the unique flavor of GD. This study revealed the unique flavor composition of GD, analyzed the advantages of species hybridization, and thus, provides a new direction and theoretical basis for pork quality improvement. • Identification of volatile organic compounds in Guangdong small-ear spotted pig. • Application of GC × GC-TOF MS to flavor of different types pork. • Multiple metabolome omics association analysis for Guangdong small-ear spotted pig. • Pork flavor identification for Chinese and Western pig breeds hybrid offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]