438 results on '"A. Giangaspero"'
Search Results
2. Author Correction: Compartments in medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity are connected through differentiation along the granular precursor lineage
- Author
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Ghasemi, David R., Okonechnikov, Konstantin, Rademacher, Anne, Tirier, Stephan, Maass, Kendra K., Schumacher, Hanna, Joshi, Piyush, Gold, Maxwell P., Sundheimer, Julia, Statz, Britta, Rifaioglu, Ahmet S., Bauer, Katharina, Schumacher, Sabrina, Bortolomeazzi, Michele, Giangaspero, Felice, Ernst, Kati J., Clifford, Steven C., Saez-Rodriguez, Julio, Jones, David T. W., Kawauchi, Daisuke, Fraenkel, Ernest, Mallm, Jan-Philipp, Rippe, Karsten, Korshunov, Andrey, Pfister, Stefan M., and Pajtler, Kristian W.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Compartments in medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity are connected through differentiation along the granular precursor lineage
- Author
-
Ghasemi, David R., Okonechnikov, Konstantin, Rademacher, Anne, Tirier, Stephan, Maass, Kendra K., Schumacher, Hanna, Joshi, Piyush, Gold, Maxwell P., Sundheimer, Julia, Statz, Britta, Rifaioglu, Ahmet S., Bauer, Katharina, Schumacher, Sabrina, Bortolomeazzi, Michele, Giangaspero, Felice, Ernst, Kati J., Clifford, Steven C., Saez-Rodriguez, Julio, Jones, David T. W., Kawauchi, Daisuke, Fraenkel, Ernest, Mallm, Jan-Philipp, Rippe, Karsten, Korshunov, Andrey, Pfister, Stefan M., and Pajtler, Kristian W.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma of methylation-based RTK2A and RTK2B subclasses present distinct radiological and histomolecular features including Gliomatosis cerebri phenotype
- Author
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Arnault Tauziède-Espariat, Lea L. Friker, Gunther Nussbaumer, Brigitte Bison, Volodia Dangouloff-Ros, Alice Métais, David Sumerauer, Josef Zamecnik, Martin Benesch, Thomas Perwein, Dannis van Vuurden, Pieter Wesseling, Andrés Morales La Madrid, Maria Luisa Garrè, Manila Antonelli, Felice Giangaspero, Torsten Pietsch, Dominik Sturm, David T. W. Jones, Stefan M. Pfister, Yura Grabovska, Alan Mackay, Chris Jones, Jacques Grill, Yassine Ajlil, André O. von Bueren, Michael Karremann, Marion Hoffmann, Christof M. Kramm, Robert Kwiecien, David Castel, Gerrit H. Gielen, and Pascale Varlet
- Subjects
Receptor tyrosine kinase ,RTK2A ,RTK2B ,Methylation ,Gliomatosis cerebri ,Pediatric high-grade glioma ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas (pedHGG), H3- and IDH-wildtype, encompass three main DNA-methylation-based subtypes: pedHGG-MYCN, pedHGG-RTK1A/B/C, and pedHGG-RTK2A/B. Since their first description in 2017 tumors of pedHGG-RTK2A/B have not been comprehensively characterized and clinical correlates remain elusive. In a recent series of pedHGG with a Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) growth pattern, an increased incidence of pedHGG-RTK2A/B (n = 18) was observed. We added 14 epigenetically defined pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors to this GC series and provided centrally reviewed radiological, histological, and molecular characterization. The final cohort of 32 pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors consisted of 25 pedHGG-RTK2A (78%) and seven pedHGG-RTK2B (22%) cases. The median age was 11.6 years (range, 4–17) with a median overall survival of 16.0 months (range 10.9–28.2). Seven of 11 of the newly added cases with imaging available showed a GC phenotype at diagnosis or follow-up. PedHGG-RTK2B tumors exhibited frequent bithalamic involvement (6/7, 86%). Central neuropathology review confirmed a diffuse glial neoplasm in all tumors with prominent angiocentric features in both subclasses. Most tumors (24/27 with available data, 89%) diffusely expressed EGFR with focal angiocentric enhancement. PedHGG-RTK2A tumors lacked OLIG2 expression, whereas 43% (3/7) of pedHGG-RTK2B expressed this glial transcription factor. ATRX loss occurred in 3/6 pedHGG-RTK2B samples with available data (50%). DNA sequencing (pedHGG-RTK2A: n = 18, pedHGG-RTK2B: n = 5) found EGFR alterations (15/23, 65%; predominantly point mutations) in both subclasses. Mutations in BCOR (14/18, 78%), SETD2 (7/18, 39%), and the hTERT promoter (7/19, 37%) occurred exclusively in pedHGG-RTK2A tumors, while pedHGG-RTK2B tumors were enriched for TP53 alterations (4/5, 80%). In conclusion, pedHGG-RTK2A/B tumors are characterized by highly diffuse-infiltrating growth patterns and specific radiological and histo-molecular features. By comprehensively characterizing methylation-based tumors, the chance to develop specific and effective therapy concepts for these detrimental tumors increases.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Gonadotroph Pituitary Tumors According to the WHO Classification
- Author
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Carbonara, Francesca, Feola, Tiziana, Gianno, Francesca, Polidoro, Michela Anna, Di Crescenzo, Rosa Maria, Arcella, Antonietta, De Angelis, Michelangelo, Morace, Roberta, de Alcubierre, Dario, Esposito, Vincenzo, Giangaspero, Felice, and Jaffrain-Rea, Marie-Lise
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Animal welfare during transport, evolution and perspectives of European Union legislation and policy
- Author
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Massimo Giangaspero and Pasquale Turno
- Subjects
animal welfare ,laws ,transport ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In the One Health approach, which summarizes a concept that human, animal and plant health are interdependent and linked to the ecosystems in which they exist, animal welfare assumes an important role. In addition, the Farm to Fork Strategy of the European Union recognizes animal welfare as an essential component. Transport of animals involves a number of issues related to welfare. Animals are subjected to continuous stress, not only during transit on vehicles, vessels, trains or airplanes, but also during loading and unloading operations. The handling and transport conditions have improved from basic and relatively rudimentary systems, with elements to attenuate discomfort of animals having been gradually introduced, especially for long distance transport. Despite several improvements of animal welfare standards during transportation there are still pressing issues in current EU legislation which deserve reviewing. Recently, several scientific opinions on animal welfare, including during transport, have been published by the European Food Safety Agency, following requests by the European Commission. In addition, the European Court of Auditors published its last report focused on animal welfare during transport. These reports underline the need to review current legislation governing the topic and highlight a number of outstanding issues in the European Union and in Third Countries. This article summarizes the history and current status of this complex issue. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(7.000): 1509-1525]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Compartments in medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity are connected through differentiation along the granular precursor lineage
- Author
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David R. Ghasemi, Konstantin Okonechnikov, Anne Rademacher, Stephan Tirier, Kendra K. Maass, Hanna Schumacher, Piyush Joshi, Maxwell P. Gold, Julia Sundheimer, Britta Statz, Ahmet S. Rifaioglu, Katharina Bauer, Sabrina Schumacher, Michele Bortolomeazzi, Felice Giangaspero, Kati J. Ernst, Steven C. Clifford, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, David T. W. Jones, Daisuke Kawauchi, Ernest Fraenkel, Jan-Philipp Mallm, Karsten Rippe, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M. Pfister, and Kristian W. Pajtler
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity are cerebellar tumors characterized by two distinct compartments and variable disease progression. The mechanisms governing the balance between proliferation and differentiation in MBEN remain poorly understood. Here, we employ a multi-modal single cell transcriptome analysis to dissect this process. In the internodular compartment, we identify proliferating cerebellar granular neuronal precursor-like malignant cells, along with stromal, vascular, and immune cells. In contrast, the nodular compartment comprises postmitotic, neuronally differentiated malignant cells. Both compartments are connected through an intermediate cell stage resembling actively migrating CGNPs. Notably, we also discover astrocytic-like malignant cells, found in proximity to migrating and differentiated cells at the transition zone between the two compartments. Our study sheds light on the spatial tissue organization and its link to the developmental trajectory, resulting in a more benign tumor phenotype. This integrative approach holds promise to explore intercompartmental interactions in other cancers with varying histology.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. AI-Driven Electrical Fast Transient Suppression for Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Immunity in Inductive Smart Proximity Sensors
- Author
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Silvia Giangaspero, Gianluca Nicchiotti, Philippe Venier, Laurent Genilloud, and Lorenzo Pirrami
- Subjects
signal denoising ,deep neural networks ,convolutional neural networks ,recurrent neural networks ,long short-term memory ,gated recurrent unit ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Inductive proximity sensors are relevant in position-sensing applications in many industries but, in order to be used in harsh industrial environments, they need to be immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The use of conventional filters to mitigate these perturbations often compromises signal bandwidth, ranging from 100 Hz to 1.6 kHz. We have exploited recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to study the ability of neural networks (NNs) to automatically filter out EMI features. This study offers an analysis and comparison of possible NN models (a 1D convolutional NN, a recurrent NN, and a hybrid convolutional and recurrent approach) for denoising EMI-perturbed signals and proposes a final model, which is based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) layers. This network is compressed and optimised to meet memory requirements, so that in future developments it could be implemented in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for inductive sensors. The final RNN manages to reduce noise by 70% (MSEred) while occupying 2 KB of memory.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Molecular Survey of Parasitic Contamination of Frozen Berries
- Author
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Alessandra Barlaam, Marialoreta Datteo, Stefania Perdonò, Antonella Puccini, and Annunziata Giangaspero
- Subjects
foodborne parasites ,frozen berries ,real-time PCR ,Medicine - Abstract
Berries represent healthy dietary options and contain bioactive compounds associated with a decreased risk of diseases. Despite representing healthy food choices, these products can be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, including parasites. Among foodborne parasites, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Echinococcus multilocularis are of significant public health importance and have been recently detected in fresh berries in Europe, including Italy. Berries can be purchased fresh or frozen, and it is worrying that even frozen berries could represent a risk for the consumer. In fact, several parasites can resist freezing temperatures and have been responsible for outbreaks of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of G. duodenalis, C. parvum, C. cayetanensis, T. gondii, and E. multilocularis in frozen berries with simplex and multiplex real-time PCR protocols. A total of 108 packages of mixed frozen berries were bought from supermarkets located in a south-eastern region of Italy. The samples were tested using two simplex real-time PCR protocols targeting C. parvum and G. duodenalis, respectively, and a multiplex real-time PCR targeting C. cayetanensis, T. gondii, and E. multilocularis. None of the investigated parasites were detected in the frozen berry samples tested. This research topic is still unexplored and of great current interest. These results represent a first attempt to investigate parasitic contamination of frozen berries sold on the Italian market, but further large-scale surveys are required.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Author Correction: Compartments in medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity are connected through differentiation along the granular precursor lineage
- Author
-
David R. Ghasemi, Konstantin Okonechnikov, Anne Rademacher, Stephan Tirier, Kendra K. Maass, Hanna Schumacher, Piyush Joshi, Maxwell P. Gold, Julia Sundheimer, Britta Statz, Ahmet S. Rifaioglu, Katharina Bauer, Sabrina Schumacher, Michele Bortolomeazzi, Felice Giangaspero, Kati J. Ernst, Steven C. Clifford, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, David T. W. Jones, Daisuke Kawauchi, Ernest Fraenkel, Jan-Philipp Mallm, Karsten Rippe, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M. Pfister, and Kristian W. Pajtler
- Subjects
Science - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from South Punjab Province, Pakistan
- Author
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Khan, Muhammad Yaser, Barlaam, Alessandra, Gazzonis, Alessia Libera, Ferrari, Nicola, and Giangaspero, Annunziata
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Twin Pregnancy in the Martina Franca Donkey Breed Managed by Natural Reduction and Post-Fixation Manual Crushing
- Author
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Maria Cristina Veronesi, Ippolito De Amicis, Brunella Anna Giangaspero, Jasmine Fusi, Domenico Robbe, Francesco Castelli, and Augusto Carluccio
- Subjects
donkey ,twin pregnancy ,natural reduction ,post-fixation manual crushing ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In Equids, undetected twin pregnancy represents the most important cause of abortion and is also associated with high neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, the detection and management of twin pregnancies is pivotal to allow the continuation of single pregnancies. Although pre-fixation manual crushing of one embryo is the most common management of twin pregnancies, and the impact of natural reduction has been reported in mares, very little is known about donkeys. The present study aimed to report results on the natural reduction occurrence and post-fixation manual crushing management of twin pregnancies in the Martina Franca donkey breed. Methods: Twenty-five twin pregnancies were detected at 11–13 days after ovulation. At 16 days after ovulation, twin pregnancies were classified as unilateral or bilateral and left untreated. The occurrence of natural reduction of one embryo was assessed at 20–21 days after ovulation, and post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo was performed in those cases in which natural reduction did not occur. The pregnancy rate at 28 days after ovulation and live foal rate were recorded. Result: Sixteen out of 25 twin pregnancies were unilateral and nine bilateral. At 20–21 days after ovulation, the natural reduction of one embryo occurred in 87.5% of the unilateral and in none of the bilateral twin pregnancies. The remaining twin pregnancies were treated by post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo. The 28-days-after-ovulation single embryo pregnancy rate was 93.8% for unilateral twin pregnancies and 88.9% for bilateral twin pregnancies, with an overall pregnancy rate of 92%. The live foal rate was 87%. Conclusions: The success rate of natural reduction within 20–21 days after ovulation, the 28-days-after-ovulation pregnancy rate, and the live foal rate suggest that waiting for the natural reduction of one embryo and choosing the post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo could be considered as an alternative to traditional early pre-fixation manual crushing in the Martina Franca donkey breed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Animal welfare during transport, evolution, and perspectives of European Union Legislation and Policy.
- Author
-
Giangaspero, Massimo and Turno, Pasquale
- Subjects
ANIMAL welfare ,LOADING & unloading ,LOCAL foods ,FOOD safety ,PLANT health - Abstract
In the one health approach, which summarizes the concept that human, animal, and plant health are interdependent and linked to the ecosystems in which they exist, animal welfare assumes an important role. In addition, the Farm to Fork Strategy of the European Union recognizes animal welfare as an essential component. Transport of animals involves a number of issues related to welfare. Animals are subjected to continuous stress, not only during transit on vehicles, vessels, trains, or airplanes, but also during loading and unloading operations. The handling and transport conditions have improved from basic and relatively rudimentary systems, with elements to attenuate the discomfort of animals having been gradually introduced, especially for long-distance transport. Despite several improvements in animal welfare standards during transportation there are still pressing issues in current EU legislation which deserve reviewing. Recently, several scientific opinions on animal welfare, including during transport, have been published by the European Food Safety Agency, following requests by the European Commission. In addition, the European Court of Auditors published its last report focused on animal welfare during transport. These reports underline the need to review current legislation governing the topic and highlight a number of outstanding issues in the European Union and in Third Countries. This article summarizes the history and current status of this complex issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. AI-Driven Electrical Fast Transient Suppression for Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Immunity in Inductive Smart Proximity Sensors.
- Author
-
Giangaspero, Silvia, Nicchiotti, Gianluca, Venier, Philippe, Genilloud, Laurent, and Pirrami, Lorenzo
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,RECURRENT neural networks ,INDUCTIVE sensors ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,PROXIMITY detectors - Abstract
Inductive proximity sensors are relevant in position-sensing applications in many industries but, in order to be used in harsh industrial environments, they need to be immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The use of conventional filters to mitigate these perturbations often compromises signal bandwidth, ranging from 100 Hz to 1.6 kHz. We have exploited recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to study the ability of neural networks (NNs) to automatically filter out EMI features. This study offers an analysis and comparison of possible NN models (a 1D convolutional NN, a recurrent NN, and a hybrid convolutional and recurrent approach) for denoising EMI-perturbed signals and proposes a final model, which is based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) layers. This network is compressed and optimised to meet memory requirements, so that in future developments it could be implemented in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for inductive sensors. The final RNN manages to reduce noise by 70% (MSE
red ) while occupying 2 KB of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Molecular Survey of Parasitic Contamination of Frozen Berries.
- Author
-
Barlaam, Alessandra, Datteo, Marialoreta, Perdonò, Stefania, Puccini, Antonella, and Giangaspero, Annunziata
- Subjects
ECHINOCOCCUS multilocularis ,CRYPTOSPORIDIUM parvum ,TOXOPLASMA gondii ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,BERRIES ,CRYPTOSPORIDIUM - Abstract
Berries represent healthy dietary options and contain bioactive compounds associated with a decreased risk of diseases. Despite representing healthy food choices, these products can be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, including parasites. Among foodborne parasites, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Echinococcus multilocularis are of significant public health importance and have been recently detected in fresh berries in Europe, including Italy. Berries can be purchased fresh or frozen, and it is worrying that even frozen berries could represent a risk for the consumer. In fact, several parasites can resist freezing temperatures and have been responsible for outbreaks of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of G. duodenalis, C. parvum, C. cayetanensis, T. gondii, and E. multilocularis in frozen berries with simplex and multiplex real-time PCR protocols. A total of 108 packages of mixed frozen berries were bought from supermarkets located in a south-eastern region of Italy. The samples were tested using two simplex real-time PCR protocols targeting C. parvum and G. duodenalis, respectively, and a multiplex real-time PCR targeting C. cayetanensis, T. gondii, and E. multilocularis. None of the investigated parasites were detected in the frozen berry samples tested. This research topic is still unexplored and of great current interest. These results represent a first attempt to investigate parasitic contamination of frozen berries sold on the Italian market, but further large-scale surveys are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Twin Pregnancy in the Martina Franca Donkey Breed Managed by Natural Reduction and Post-Fixation Manual Crushing.
- Author
-
Veronesi, Maria Cristina, De Amicis, Ippolito, Giangaspero, Brunella Anna, Fusi, Jasmine, Robbe, Domenico, Castelli, Francesco, and Carluccio, Augusto
- Subjects
MULTIPLE pregnancy ,UNWANTED pregnancy ,NEONATAL mortality ,OVULATION ,EQUIDAE ,DONKEYS - Abstract
Simple Summary: In Equids, twin pregnancy is an unwanted event, and the traditional management of twin pregnancies involves the early, pre-fixation, manual crushing of one embryo before the 16th day after ovulation when the two embryos are still mobile. However, due to the high percentage of natural reduction of one embryo in unilaterally fixed twins, early post-fixation manual crushing management can also be proposed, allowing the time for natural reduction occurrence. The present study aimed to report data about managing twin pregnancies through natural reduction and post-fixation manual crushing in the Martina Franca donkey breed. The natural reduction of one embryo occurred at 20–21 days after ovulation in 87.5% of unilateral twin pregnancies, with 12.5% of cases requiring post-fixation manual crushing, and none of the bilateral twin pregnancies requiring manual crushing. The single embryo pregnancy rate at 28 days after ovulation was 93.8% for unilateral twin pregnancies and 88.9% for bilateral twin pregnancies, with an overall pregnancy rate of 92%. The live foal rate was 87%. Taken together, the results showed that waiting for the natural reduction of one embryo and using post-fixation manual crushing can be a practical option for the management of twin pregnancy in donkeys. In Equids, undetected twin pregnancy represents the most important cause of abortion and is also associated with high neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, the detection and management of twin pregnancies is pivotal to allow the continuation of single pregnancies. Although pre-fixation manual crushing of one embryo is the most common management of twin pregnancies, and the impact of natural reduction has been reported in mares, very little is known about donkeys. The present study aimed to report results on the natural reduction occurrence and post-fixation manual crushing management of twin pregnancies in the Martina Franca donkey breed. Methods: Twenty-five twin pregnancies were detected at 11–13 days after ovulation. At 16 days after ovulation, twin pregnancies were classified as unilateral or bilateral and left untreated. The occurrence of natural reduction of one embryo was assessed at 20–21 days after ovulation, and post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo was performed in those cases in which natural reduction did not occur. The pregnancy rate at 28 days after ovulation and live foal rate were recorded. Result: Sixteen out of 25 twin pregnancies were unilateral and nine bilateral. At 20–21 days after ovulation, the natural reduction of one embryo occurred in 87.5% of the unilateral and in none of the bilateral twin pregnancies. The remaining twin pregnancies were treated by post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo. The 28-days-after-ovulation single embryo pregnancy rate was 93.8% for unilateral twin pregnancies and 88.9% for bilateral twin pregnancies, with an overall pregnancy rate of 92%. The live foal rate was 87%. Conclusions: The success rate of natural reduction within 20–21 days after ovulation, the 28-days-after-ovulation pregnancy rate, and the live foal rate suggest that waiting for the natural reduction of one embryo and choosing the post-fixation manual crushing of one embryo could be considered as an alternative to traditional early pre-fixation manual crushing in the Martina Franca donkey breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Radio Communication Blackout Mitigation: Analyzing Magnetic Field Effects via Ray-Tracing Analysis.
- Author
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Laur, J. S., Giangaspero, V. F., Sharma, V., Lani, A., Donaldson, N., Kim, M. K., Giacomelli, J., Herdrich, G., Hein, A., and Thoemel, J.
- Abstract
Avoiding radio communication blackouts during atmospheric entry is crucial to a space mission and can be life-saving. A novel ray-tracing algorithm, called Blackout Ray Tracer (BORAT), based on a Snell's law solver, is introduced to analyze the signal behavior during reentry using geometrical optics for nonmagnetized and magnetized plasma. The ray-tracing analysis is performed on Knapp's case fluid simulations provided by the University of Stuttgart. The effect of an applied magnetic field on ray tracing is discussed and visualized using radiation patterns. The results suggest that a sufficiently strong magnetic field is promising to mitigate radio communication blackouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Influence of magnetohydrodynamics configuration on aerothermodynamics during Martian reentry.
- Author
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Sharma, Vatsalya, Giangaspero, Vincent F., Poedts, Stefaan, and Lani, Andrea
- Subjects
- *
AEROTHERMODYNAMICS , *SUPERCONDUCTING magnets , *MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS , *STAGNATION point , *HEAT flux , *MAGNETIC flux density , *SPACE exploration - Abstract
This paper investigates the role of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the aerothermodynamics (ATD) of a representative entry vehicle while flying into the Martian atmosphere. By strategically placing a flight-ready superconducting magnet at varied positions in the Schiaparelli reentry capsule of the ExoMars mission, we discern its impact on essential flow properties. The primary consequence of MHD during atmospheric entry is the generation of the Lorentz force, which increases the shock standoff distance resulting in a reduction of the heat flux on the spacecraft by pushing high-energy plasma particles away. Through different magnet configurations, three distinct cases are formed to comprehensively understand the effects and implications of each setup. The study is performed using the COOLFluiD MHD for EnTries, an in-house ATD solver. For case 1, the magnet's placement behind the ExoMars forebody at the stagnation point reduces the heat flux. In case 2, the magnet's relocation to the shoulder region explores its potential to mitigate communication blackouts by influencing the wake region's flow. However, this positioning also induces shock bending, leading to variations in post-shock species mass fractions and heat flux spikes in the post-shock region. Case 3, involving an additional magnet where the shock bends in case 1, showcases a consistent increase in shock standoff distance across the forebody, providing a longer relaxation zone for species equilibration. Our findings highlight that while the strength of the applied magnetic field is crucial, the magnet's size is equally pivotal in determining ATD behavior. Case 3 emerges as the most promising configuration, consistently reducing heat flux across the forebody and maintaining it in the afterbody. This study underscores the potential of multi-magnet configurations as next-generation MHD heat shields for Martian atmospheric entry, emphasizing the criticality of magnet placement and configuration in enabling future MHD-enhanced deep space exploration missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. ETMR One: An International Registry and Research Platform for Children With Embryonal Tumor With Multilayer Rosettes
- Published
- 2024
20. OC.18.10: SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN CELIAC PATIENTS UNDER GLUTEN FREE DIET: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
- Author
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Squeo, F., Marotti, A., Giangaspero, A., Di Leo, A., and Losurdo, G.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Urinary Gluten Immunogenic Peptides Detection in Non-celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity
- Author
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Pasquale Mansueto, Clinical Professor
- Published
- 2024
22. COZMOS:Phase I/Ib Trial of Combined 5'Azacitidine and Carboplatin for Recurrent/Refractory Pediatric Brain/Solid Tumors (COZMOS)
- Author
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Vijay Ramaswamy, Staff Physician
- Published
- 2024
23. Zoonoses in dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy: update on emerging, neglected and known zoonotic agents.
- Author
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Mazzotta, Elisa, Lucchese, Laura, Corrò, Michela, Ceglie, Letizia, Danesi, Patrizia, Capello, Katia, and Natale, Alda
- Abstract
Introduction: Shelters for stray dogs and cats deserve careful monitoring for zoonotic risk, as they represent a crucial point for prevention and control of infection spread. Data sorting to prioritize zoonotic agents in a geographic area need constant updating, but no regular official programs are ongoing, to allow an efficient risk survey for these animal species. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the prevalence of certain known, potential and emerging zoonoses within the framework of the routine monitoring of dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy. Methods: A total of 389 cats and 257 dogs housed in public veterinary services shelters and feline colonies were included in the present investigation. The animals originated from the provinces of Padua, Venice, Rovigo, Vicenza, Verona, Trento and Bolzano. Serological, molecular and microbiological diagnostics were implemented to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira sp., Brucella canis, Leishmania infantum , dermatophytes, gastrointestinal parasites, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, Capnocytophaga sp., Bartonella sp., Norovirus, Rotavirus A, Cowpox virus, Mammalian Orthoreovirus, Hepatitis E virus, SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus. Results: Data about some known zoonoses (e.g., serological positivity of Leishmania infantum 25% and Leptospira sp. 44.3% in dogs, and Bartonella henselae 70% in cats) resulted aligned with previous research and recent reports, whereas there was a notable occurrence of some potential, emerging and neglected pathogens (e.g., Mammalian Orthoreovirus 0.38% in dogs and 2.83% in cats). For some other agents (e.g., dermatophytes in dogs and in cats) the prevalence resulted lower than expected. Discussion: The prevention of the zoonotic risk requires a re-examination of the complex interaction between humans, animals, and environment. This is of particular importance in settings like companion animal shelters, which serve as key sites for disease monitoring and zoonotic risk mitigation. The study highlights the need to monitor and prioritize the zoonotic pathogens, to implement and constantly update surveillance and specific training programs for the kennels' operators, and management of epidemiological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Roles of host and environment in shift of primary anthrax host species in Kruger National Park.
- Author
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Ochai, Sunday O., Snyman, Lourens, Dolfi, Amelie C., Ramoelo, Abel, Reilly, Brian K., Botha, Judith M., Dekker, Edgar H., van Schalkwyk, O. Louis, Kamath, Pauline L., Archer, Emma, Turner, Wendy C., and van Heerden, Henriette
- Abstract
Environmental and climatic factors, as well as host demographics and behaviour, significantly influence the exposure of herbivorous mammalian hosts to pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Until the early 1990s in Kruger National Park (KNP), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) was the host species most affected by anthrax, with outbreaks occurring predominantly in the dry season, particularly during drought cycles. However, the most affected host species has shifted to impala (Aepyceros melampus), with more frequent anthrax outbreaks during the wet season. This study investigates the roles of environmental variation and other host species in this shift. Temporal trends in environmental variables such as precipitation, soil moisture, temperature, and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed in relation to anthrax occurrence (presence/ absence and counts). Additionally, correlations between host species' densities and anthrax mortalities over time were examined. Anthrax cases in 1990 were concentrated in the central and northern regions of KNP(excluding Pafuri), primarily affected kudus; while subsequent mortalities affected mostly impala and were restricted to the far north, in Pafuri. Significant correlations were found between kudu anthrax mortality and a decrease in NDVI, average temperature, SPI-6 and SPI-12 (Standardised Precipitation Index in various time intervals. Conversely, anthrax occurrence in impalas was associated with a decline in SPI-3, and temperature rise, with increased mortality during the rainy season. Elephant density correlated negatively with kudu mortality, but a positive correlation with both impala mortality and impala density. The study concludes that environmental variables and species' densities may alter the diversity and frequency of hosts exposed to B. anthracis. Climate extremes and alterations therein may exacerbate anthrax severity by modifying species susceptibility and their probability of exposure over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Advancements in adoptive CAR immune cell immunotherapy synergistically combined with multimodal approaches for tumor treatment.
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Yun Chang, Mingyang Chang, Xiaoping Bao, and Cheng Dong
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- 2024
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26. Implications of newly developed SNPs for conservation programmes for the threatened Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) in Oman.
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Al-Ghafri, Mataab K., White, Patrick J.C., Briers, Robert A., Ball, Alex, Senn, Helen, Al-Jahdhami, Mansoor H., Al-Amri, Haitham, Tiwari, Bisnu B., Al-Harsusi, Said Nasser, Al-Harsusi, Abdullah Ghasab, Al-Rawahi, Qais, and Dicks, Kara L.
- Abstract
Conservation of elusive species affected by habitat degradation, population fragmentation and poaching is challenging. The remaining wild populations of a desert-adapted ungulate, Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana), within Oman are small and fragmented. The appropriateness of captive insurance populations for reinforcing existing, or establishing new, wild populations remains uncertain for Oman due to ambiguity regarding their genetic provenance. For effective management of this threatened species, it is essential to assess the genetic relationships between the wild and captive populations, and to investigate hybridisation with domestic goats (Capra hircus). We identified 5,775 high-quality SNPs using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD), to assess genetic structure, gene flow and divergence between Oman's wild populations of Nubian ibex and in captivity, which are likely of North African provenance. We detected hybridisation with goats in captivity and recommend that genetic assessments of captive individuals are routinely used to evaluate their suitability for conservation programs. Building on previous mitochondrial evidence, substantial nuclear divergence (F
ST = 0.540) was found between wild Oman and captive populations, providing further evidence that Nubian ibex may be composed of multiple species and urgently needs a taxonomic review. Additionally, an appropriate insurance population should be established for Oman's threatened wild population. The data provided here will be invaluable for developing marker systems to assess wild populations using low-quality DNA from non-invasive sampling. Consequently, it will support further research into Nubian ibex throughout their range and highlights the need to integrate genetic information for effective conservation management of Nubian ibex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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27. Molecular Subgrouping Based on Immunohistochemistry in Medulloblastoma: A Single-Center Experience.
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BABAOGLU, Berrin, HANALIOGLU, Sahin, VARAN, Ali, OGUZ, Kader KARLI, BILGINER, Burcak, DOLGUN, Anil, and SOYLEMEZOGLU, Figen
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- 2024
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28. Investigation of gut microbiota composition in humans carrying blastocystis subtypes 1 and 2 and Entamoeba hartmanni.
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Antonetti, Lorenzo, Berrilli, Federica, Di Cristanziano, Veronica, Farowski, Fedja, Daeumer, Martin, Eberhardt, Kirsten Alexandra, Santoro, Maristella, Federici, Massimo, and D'Alfonso, Rossella
- Abstract
The composition of human gut microbiota is dominated by bacteria which have been extensively studied. The role of intestinal eukaryote microorganisms like Blastocystis, however, remains under investigation. Moreover, the potential impact on gut health related to Blastocystis presence was primarily investigated in symptomatic individuals mainly from industrialized countries, and appears to be mostly beneficial to the host microbiota. Data from surveys conducted in underdeveloped countries with higher prevalence and from asymptomatic individuals could therefore be valuable. The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to the protozoa Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 and Entamoeba hartmanni carriage in asymptomatic subjects living in a semi-urban area of Côte d'Ivoire to add data into the ongoing debate on the role of Blastocystis in host health. The amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA genes was performed to obtain the gut microbiota composition, and differential analyses on alpha and beta diversity were performed from the phylum to genus taxonomic level. The analysis revealed that individuals positive for both protozoa exhibited higher alpha and beta diversity compared to those who tested negative. Additionally, their bacterial composition showed a reduction in Bacteroides and an increase in Prevotella 9. Relative abundances of some OTUs, particularly Faecalibacterium, observed in individuals who tested positive for protozoa, were correlated with a good state of health of the gut microbiota. Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 associated with E. hartmanni thus appeared to be related to a state of intestinal eubiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of peptide derived from turmeric plant (Curcuma longaL).
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Roytrakul, Sittiruk, Charoenlappanit, Sawanya, Kittisenachai, Suthathip, Siangpro, Noppadon, Sichaem, Jirapast, Chuakrut, Songkran, Sarin, Siripun, and Jutakanoke, Rumpa
- Subjects
BACTERIAL proteins ,ANTIMICROBIAL peptides ,DRUG resistance in bacteria ,INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) ,PEPTIDES - Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics have led to the emergence of several antibiotic resistant bacteria. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring alternative agents as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which operate through unique mechanisms to effectively counteract bacterial resistance. In this study, peptides smaller than 3 kDa were isolated by cation exchange chromatography, anion exchange chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. Subsequently, 12 candidate peptides were selected and chemically synthesized for a comparative study of growth inhibition in pathogenic bacteria. They demonstrated potent antibacterial activity toward A. baumannii, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and S. enterica. Exposure to the Cur-1 peptide induced changes in bacterial proteins associated with metabolite interconversion and translation. In addition, all peptides derived from turmeric peptic hydrolysate exhibited antioxidant activity as assessed by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Cur-1 peptide displayed both high antibacterial and antioxidant potential, positioning it as a promising natural option for antibacterial management and applications within food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Thelazia leesei Railliet & Henry, 1910 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) of dromedary camel Camelus dromedarius: further morphological description, molecular characterization, and epidemiology in Iran.
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Khedri, Javad, Sazmand, Alireza, Sadr, Soheil, Said, Mourad Ben, Uni, Shigehiko, Otranto, Domenico, and Borji, Hassan
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CAMELS ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,GENETIC distance ,AGE groups ,CYTOCHROME oxidase - Abstract
Background: In camels, thelaziosis is mainly caused by Thelazia leesei Railliet & Henry, 1910, a little-known eyeworm species. Given the paucity of scientific data, this study aimed to provide new insights into the morphology, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic relationship of T. leesei and its occurrence in camels from Iran, where animals suffer from the high burden of eyeworms. Methods: From December 2020 to November 2022, slaughtered camels (n = 400) of different sex and age groups were examined in Sistan-va-Baluchestan province in Southeast Iran's local abattoirs. Adult eyeworms were fixed and stored for morphological identification by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products corresponding to the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) of eyeworms were Sanger sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Results: A total of 118 (29.5%) camels from all five counties examined were infected with eyeworms, with an abundance of 0.9 and a mean intensity of 3.2 (i.e., up to 18 worms from a single animal). The infection rate was higher in camels older than 4 years of age (P = 0.01901). Lachrymation was associated with infection in animals (P < 0.00001). The morphology of our specimens resembled that of T. leesei, with the exception of the position of the nerve ring and esophagus length. Genetic analysis showed that the cox1 partial sequences of our T. leesei specimens had genetic distances of 8.8% to 13.5% compared with other Thelazia species. Conclusions: On the basis of the morphometrics and morphological characteristics, we identified our specimens as T. leesei. In the phylogenetic tree, T. leesei herein isolated formed a monophyletic group together with its congeners, and T. leesei formed a sister clade to T. lacrymalis. In addition, we demonstrated the epidemiology of the infestation of T. leesei in camels in the endemic areas of southeastern Iran. The data presented are crucial for better understanding the pathogenic role of T. leesei and developing effective treatment strategies. In particular, studies on the intermediate host(s) of T. leesei in these regions will support effective control strategies for this parasitosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Case report: Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young and supratentorial ependymoma diagnosed in an adult male.
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Xu, Cynthia Y., Beers, Craig A., Lu, Jian-Qiang, Hann, Crystal L., and Ramos, Ronald C.
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SECONDARY primary cancer ,GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein ,CHILD patients ,CENTRAL nervous system ,TUMOR surgery ,EPENDYMOMA - Abstract
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) pathology predominantly observed in the pediatric population. Ependymomas also exhibit a peak incidence in early childhood, with rare presentations after early adulthood. In this report, we describe a rare case of a 41-year-old man diagnosed sequentially with a polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young, followed by a supratentorial ependymoma within a year. He underwent tumor resection for both tumors, as well as adjuvant radiation therapy for the ependymoma. Despite these interventions, he ultimately succumbed to tumor progression and postoperative complications. Currently, no genetic syndromes are known to link these two primary CNS tumors. Two commonalities at the chromosomal and cellular level include histone gene H3F3A mutations and positive glial fibrillary acidic protein staining on immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this unique dual pathology has not been previously described in the literature, making this case an avenue for further investigation and research into connections between these two distinct CNS pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland: risk factors, epidemiology and anatomopathological changes with analysis of potential role of Thelazia nematodes in the disease development.
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Filip-Hutsch, Katarzyna, Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W., Hutsch, Tomasz, Duk, Karolina, Klich, Daniel, Pyziel, Anna M., Balińska, Paulina, and Anusz, Krzysztof
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CORNEAL opacity ,BISON ,CORNEAL ulcer ,ANATOMICAL pathology ,KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS - Abstract
Background: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common ocular disease of ruminants worldwide. Recently, an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis was observed in the European bison in Poland. Hundreds of animals show conjunctival congestion, corneal opacity, and ulceration, leading to total blindness. The present study aimed to examine the ocular changes of European bison and patterns of the disease occurrence with special emphasis on the role of Thelazia nematodes in the development of IKC. Results: The eyes of 131 European bison, showing ocular signs and clinically healthy, were collected in Poland in 2021 – 2022 and subjected to parasitological and histopathological examination. Histopathology showed varying lesions, including corneal erosions or ulcers, diffuse purulent infiltrates to lymphocytic infiltration in the cornea, and lymphocytic or mixed conjunctivitis with CALT stimulation. The severity of ocular changes was higher in European bison from mountain areas and during the winter season. Two species of Thelazia nematodes – T. skrjabini and T. gulosa have been isolated from eyes. Prevalence of infection reached over 66.4%, and the infection intensity ranged from 1 to 16 nematodes per individual. Although nematodes of the genus Thelazia were prevalent in European bison, their occurrence did not correspond with the severity of ocular changes. Conclusions: The results of our studies allowed to identify patterns related to the first outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison. Living in mountain areas and winter season were the most predisposing factors for the development of ocular changes. Despite the high prevalence of Thelazia nematodes in the present study, their role in forming ocular lesions was not confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Comparative Efficacy of Tumor Microenvironment-responsive Nanotherapeutics Targeting PSD95/Discs-large/ZO-1 Binding Kinase in Different Histological Subgroups of Medulloblastoma.
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Qi Zhang, Chao Hu, Baoqing Qu, Cuiping Zhang, and Longtao He
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- 2024
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34. Immunophenotypic Profile of Adult Glioblastoma IDH-Wildtype Microenvironment: A Cohort Study.
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Asioli, Sofia, Gatto, Lidia, Vardy, Uri, Agostinelli, Claudio, Di Nunno, Vincenzo, Righi, Simona, Tosoni, Alicia, Ambrosi, Francesca, Bartolini, Stefania, Giannini, Caterina, and Franceschi, Enrico
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,IMMUNOPHENOTYPING ,GLIOMAS ,RESEARCH funding ,MACROPHAGES ,PATHOLOGIC complete response ,PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1 ,TEMOZOLOMIDE ,TUMOR markers ,CANCER patients ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LYMPHOCYTES ,LONGITUDINAL method ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,PROGRESSION-free survival ,BRAIN tumors ,DISEASE progression ,OVERALL survival - Abstract
Simple Summary: Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (GBM IDH-wt) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a severe immunosuppressive milieu, with very limited therapeutic options. The efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM is still under investigation; thus, it is critically important to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms acting within the GBM microenvironment. We aimed to perform an immunohistochemical characterization of a panel of immune biomarkers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD163, programmed death ligand 1 and programmed death 1) of 30 GBM patients to determine the tumor immune infiltrate and the distribution of the principal immunological markers. Background: Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (GBM IDH-wt) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Different factors shaping its tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate tumor progression and treatment response. The aim of this study was to characterize the main immunosuppressive elements of the GBM IDH-wt TME. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD163, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death 1 (PD1) was performed on surgical tumor specimens from patients diagnosed with GBM IDH-wt, according to the CNS WHO 2021 criteria. The impact of categorical variables on time-dependent outcomes such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) has been estimated through the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: We included 30 patients (19 males and 11 females), median age of 59.8 years (range 40.2–69.1 years). All patients underwent surgery followed by temozolomide concurrent with and adjuvant to radiotherapy. MGMT was methylated in 14 patients (47%) and unmethylated in 16 patients (53%). The overall absolute percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes, both intratumoral and perivascular, were significantly more represented than CD8+ lymphocytes in the TME (p = 0.02). A low density of CD4+ lymphocytes (≤10%) was found to be a favorable prognostic factor for GBM outcome (p = 0.02). Patients with MGMT methylated and unmethylated tumors exhibited a distinct TME composition, with a significant higher number of perivascular CD8+ lymphocytes (p = 0.002), intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes (p = 0.0024) and perivascular CD4+ lymphocytes (p = 0.014) in MGMT unmethylated tumors. PD-L1 expression in tumor cell surface was observed in four tumors (13.3%), and PD1 expression in infiltrating T lymphocytes was observed in nine (30%) tumors, with predominantly perivascular distribution. Conclusions: MGMT methylated and unmethylated tumors exhibit different immune profiles, likely reflecting the different biology of these tumors. The expression of PD-L1 in GBM IDH-wt patients is confined to a small subpopulation. While we found a significant association between low CD4+ lymphocyte density (≤10%) and survival, given the small numbers of our cohort, the prognostic value of CD4+ lymphocyte density will need to be validated in large-scale studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Multimodal MRI and 1 H-MRS for Preoperative Stratification of High-Risk Molecular Subtype in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas.
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Han, Xin, Xiao, Kai, Bai, Jie, Li, Fengqi, Cui, Bixiao, Cheng, Ye, Liu, Huawei, and Lu, Jie
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DIFFUSION tensor imaging ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,ISOCITRATE dehydrogenase ,PROTON magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,GLIOMAS - Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and O
6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes are critical molecular markers in determining treatment options and predicting the prognosis of adult-type diffuse gliomas. Objectives: this study aimed to investigate whether multimodal MRI enables the differentiation of genotypes in adult-type diffuse gliomas. Methods: a total of 116 adult-type diffuse glioma patients (61 males, 51.5 (37, 62) years old) who underwent multimodal MRI before surgery were retrospectively analysed. Multimodal MRI included conventional MRI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Conventional visual features, N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho)/Cr, Cho/NAA, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and diffusion histogram parameters were extracted on the whole tumour. Multimodal MRI parameters of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, Student's t-test, or Pearson chi-square tests. Logistic regression was used to select the MRI parameters to predict IDH-mutant gliomas. Furthermore, multimodal MRI parameters were selected to establish models for predicting MGMT methylation in the IDH-wildtype gliomas. The performance of models was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics curve. Results: a total of 56 patients with IDH-mutant gliomas and 60 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBM) (37 with methylated MGMT and 17 with unmethylated MGMT) were diagnosed by 2021 WHO classification criteria. The enhancement degree (OR = 4.298, p < 0.001), necrosis/cyst (OR = 5.381, p = 0.011), NAA/Cr (OR = 0.497, p = 0.037), FA-Skewness (OR = 0.497, p = 0.033), MD-Skewness (OR = 1.849, p = 0.035), FAmean (OR = 1.924, p = 0.049) were independent factors for the multimodal combined prediction model in predicting IDH-mutant gliomas. The combined modal based on conventional MRI,1 H-MRS, DTI parameters, and histogram performed best in predicting IDH-wildtype status (AUC = 0.890). However, only NAA/Cr (OR = 0.17, p = 0.043) and FA (OR = 0.38, p = 0.015) were associated with MGMT methylated in IDH-wildtype GBM. The combination of NAA/Cr and FA-Median is more accurate for predicting MGMT methylation levels than using these elements alone (AUC, 0.847 vs. 0.695/0.684). Conclusions: multimodal MRI based on conventional MRI,1 H-MRS, and DTI can provide compound imaging markers for stratified individual diagnosis of IDH mutant and MGMT promoter methylation in adult-type diffuse gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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36. Food and Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis from a One Health Perspective: A Comprehensive Review.
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Ali, Munwar, Ji, Yaru, Xu, Chang, Hina, Qazal, Javed, Usama, and Li, Kun
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LIFE cycles (Biology) ,ANIMAL health ,PROTOZOAN diseases ,EVIDENCE gaps ,AGRICULTURE ,RAW milk - Abstract
Simple Summary: Cryptosporidium is an emerging One Health concern that is equally important in the public health and livestock sectors. To fulfill the aims and objectives of this review, data regarding the unique characteristics of Cryptosporidium, its transmission pathways, its life cycle, its prevalence in both humans and animals from the perspective of its zoonotic potential, water- and foodborne outbreaks due to this protozoan parasite, and associated economic losses are briefly discussed, prioritizing the latest research and quantified data. Finally, some strategies for breaking transmission pathways and future research perspectives are discussed, to show the research gaps regarding this ever-increasing threat, which is of great scientific interest. Based on the estimation of global prevalence trends, transmission pathways, and overall burden in cryptosporidiosis, better managemental policies, surveillance programs, and preventive measures can be adopted for safeguarding, following the One Health approach. A sharp rise in the global population and improved lifestyles has led to questions about the quality of both food and water. Among protozoan parasites, Cryptosporidium is of great importance in this regard. Hence, Cryptosporidium's associated risk factors, its unique characteristics compared to other protozoan parasites, its zoonotic transmission, and associated economic losses in the public health and livestock sectors need to be focused on from a One Health perspective, including collaboration by experts from all three sectors. Cryptosporidium, being the fifth largest food threat, and the second largest cause of mortality in children under five years of age, is of great significance. The contamination of vegetables, fresh fruits, juices, unpasteurized raw milk, uncooked meat, and fish by Cryptosporidium oocysts occurs through infected food handlers, sewage-based contamination, agricultural effluents, infected animal manure being used as biofertilizer, etc., leading to severe foodborne outbreaks. The only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ), provides inconsistent results in all groups of patients, and currently, there is no vaccine against it. The prime concerns of this review are to provide a deep insight into the Cryptosporidium's global burden, associated water- and foodborne outbreaks, and some future perspectives in an attempt to effectively manage this protozoal disease. A thorough literature search was performed to organize the most relevant, latest, and quantified data, justifying the title. The estimation of its true burden, strategies to break the transmission pathways and life cycle of Cryptosporidium, and the search for vaccine targets through genome editing technology represent some future research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Case report: A second case of cerebral cavernous malformation after high-dose chemotherapy for medulloblastoma.
- Author
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Pionelli, Maria Grazia, Mazio, Federica, Errico, Maria Elena, Russo, Carmela, Cristofano, Adriana, Covelli, Eugenio Maria, Donofrio, Vittoria, Capasso, Maria, Capozza, Michele Antonio, De Gregorio, Fabiola, Ruotolo, Serena, Abate, Massimo Eraldo, and Cinalli, Giuseppe
- Subjects
HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation ,CAVERNOUS hemangioma ,LYMPHOBLASTIC leukemia ,ACUTE leukemia ,MEDULLOBLASTOMA - Abstract
The development of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is a well-recognized sequela of irradiation to the brain in pediatric tumors, particularly in medulloblastoma, glioma, and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. So far, only one case of cerebral cavernoma after chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been described. We describe a case of a patient with medulloblastoma aged 18 months at the time of oncological diagnosis who was treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT and who developed CCM two years later. The patient was not treated for vascular malformation since he remained asymptomatic until now and is regularly followed with neuro-radiological check-ups. This represents the second case of acquired cavernoma developed in a patient who has not received radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Survival of pediatric patients with ependymoma in a tertiary cancer center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Author
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Oigman, Gabriela, Gonzaga, Yung, Christiani, Marcio, Magalhaes, Denise, Moreira, Veronica, Osorio, Diana S., and Ferman, Sima
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CENTRAL nervous system tumors ,INFRATENTORIAL brain tumors ,CHILD patients ,PEDIATRIC oncology ,CANCER hospitals ,EPENDYMOMA - Abstract
Introduction: Ependymoma is the third most frequent central malignant nervous system tumor in the pediatric age group. There is scarce data in the literature on survival of these patients, especially in upper and lower middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of pediatric patients with ependymoma admitted to a public cancer hospital. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with ependymoma, admitted to the Pediatric Oncology department (0-20 years) during the period of 2000-2022. Data on patient, disease characteristics, and treatment were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Seventy-two patients were evaluated; median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years (range: 1-20), 63% were male, 54% of the tumors were in the posterior fossa (PF-EPN), 45% were classified as WHO grade 3, and 68% were operated on in other institutions before referral. Regarding treatment, 72% underwent radiotherapy and 33% of patients underwent chemotherapy. Almost 70% percent of the patients had relapses. The median follow-up time was 5.2 years (Range: 0,1-21,4). The OS in 5 years was 67%. Totally resected tumors had OS in 5 years of 88% (p: 0.028). Conclusion: The results achieved in this series show a survival gap between UMIC and HIC. Relapses occurred mainly in the first ten years and then reached a plateau, with the majority of patients experiencing endocrinological and neurological sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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39. Molecular analysis of vector-borne pathogens in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) from continental Europe.
- Author
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Lindhorst, Zoë Tess Lara, Brandstetter, Sebastian, Unterköfler, Maria Sophia, Eigner, Barbara, Spergser, Joachim, Colyn, Marc, Steinbach, Peter, Ćirović, Duško, Šprem, Nikica, Dumić, Tomislav, Veneziano, Vincenzo, Müller, Franz, Harl, Josef, Deak, Georgiana, Ionică, Angela Monica, Heddergott, Mike, and Fuehrer, Hans-Peter
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RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms ,ANIMAL health ,OLD World badger ,VETERINARY public health ,DOMESTIC animals - Abstract
Background: Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) are increasing in significance in veterinary medicine and public health settings, with wildlife playing a potentially crucial role in their transmission. Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) are widely distributed across Europe. However, information currently available on the prevalence of VBPs in badgers is limited. The objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Piroplasmida, Trypanosomatida and Filarioidea in badgers and subsequently, based on the results, assess the potential risk to domestic animals, other wildlife and humans. Methods: Between 2017 and 2021, blood or spleen samples from 220 badgers were collected in nine continental European countries: Austria (n = 7), Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 2), Croatia (n = 22), France (n = 44), Germany (n = 16), Hungary (n = 7), Italy (n = 16), Romania (n = 80) and Serbia (n = 26). VBPs were identified by performing PCR analysis on the samples, followed by Sanger sequencing. Additionally, to distinguish between different Babesia lineages we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on piroplasm-positive samples, using HinfI as restriction enzyme. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on Mycoplasma spp. Results: The pathogens identified were Babesia sp. badger type A (54%), B (23%), and C (37%); Trypanosoma pestanai (56%); Mycoplasma sp. (34%); Candidatus Mycoplasma haematomelis (8%); Candidatus Mycoplasma haematominutum (0.5%); and Ehrlichia spp. (2%). Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp. and filarioid nematodes were not detected among the tested samples. Conclusions: The large sample size and diverse study populations in this study provide valuable insights into the distribution and epidemiology of the analyzed pathogens. Some of the VBPs identified in our study show high similarity to those found in domestic animals, such as dogs. This finding suggests that badgers, as potential reservoirs for these pathogens, may pose a threat not only to other wildlife but also to domestic animals in close vicinity. Continuous surveillance is essential to monitor VBPs in wildlife as a means to enable the assessment of their impact on other wildlife species, domestic animals and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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40. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Effects and Therapeutic Implications in Cerebral Gliomas.
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Caruso, Gerardo, Laera, Roberta, Ferrarotto, Rosamaria, Garcia Moreira, Cristofer Gonzalo, Kumar, Rajiv, Ius, Tamara, Lombardi, Giuseppe, and Caffo, Maria
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CENTRAL nervous system tumors ,METABOLIC reprogramming ,MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ,METABOLIC regulation ,SURVIVAL rate ,BRAIN tumors - Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, representing approximately 28% of all central nervous system tumors. These tumors are characterized by rapid progression and show a median survival of approximately 18 months. The therapeutic options consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the multidisciplinary approach and the biomolecular role of targeted therapies, the median progression-free survival is approximately 6–8 months. The incomplete tumor compliance with treatment is due to several factors such as the presence of the blood–brain barrier, the numerous pathways involved in tumor transformation, and the presence of intra-tumoral mutations. Among these, the interaction between the mutations of genes involved in tumor bio-energetic metabolism and the functional response of the tumor has become the protagonist of numerous studies. In this scenario, the main role is played by mitochondria, cellular organelles delimited by a double membrane and containing their own DNA (mtDNA), which participates in numerous cellular processes such as the regulation of cellular metabolism, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis and is also the main source of cellular energy production. Therefore, it is understood that the mitochondrion, specifically its functional alteration, is a leading figure in tumor transformation, including brain tumors. The acquisition of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA of tumor cells and the subsequent identification of the so-called mitochondria-related genes (MRGs), both functional (mutation of Complex I) and structural (mutations of Complex III/IV), have been seen to play an important role in metabolic reprogramming with increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and the progression of tumorigenesis. This demonstrates that these mitochondrial alterations could have a role not only in the intrinsic tumor biology but also in the extrinsic one associated with the therapeutic response. We aim to summarize the main mitochondrial dysfunction interactions present in gliomas and how they might impact prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Joint Channel and IQ Imbalance Compensation Method for MIMO-OFDM Using in Coastal Railway.
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Nishibe, Koji, Shibakura, Takanori, Miyamoto, Koki, He, He, Cho, Seongchul, Cha, Jaesang, and Ahn, Chang-Jun
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- 2024
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42. Evolution of Molecular Biomarkers and Precision Molecular Therapeutic Strategies in Glioblastoma.
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Jacome, Maria A., Wu, Qiong, Piña, Yolanda, and Etame, Arnold B.
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GLIOMA treatment ,GENOMICS ,TUMOR markers ,MOLECULAR biology ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,HISTOLOGY - Abstract
Simple Summary: Glioblastoma is an extremely lethal malignant brain tumor. Finding ways to improve current treatments and outcomes for patients is crucial. Molecular profiling has become essential in diagnosis and management, with new technologies in areas of histopathology and radiogenomics being currently developed. Molecular biomarkers are the target of new therapies that hold great potential for refined and personalized treatments that aim to improve patient survival. This review summarizes the latest advances in the fields of histopathology and radiogenomics and the development of targeted therapies, providing an overview of the results of recent trials and the future directions of molecular targeted therapies in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumor, with a high mortality rate despite current treatments. Its classification has evolved over the years to include not only histopathological features but also molecular findings. Given the heterogeneity of glioblastoma, molecular biomarkers for diagnosis have become essential for initiating treatment with current therapies, while new technologies for detecting specific variations using computational tools are being rapidly developed. Advances in molecular genetics have made possible the creation of tailored therapies based on specific molecular targets, with various degrees of success. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the fields of histopathology and radiogenomics and the use of molecular markers for management of glioblastoma, as well as the development of new therapies targeting the most common molecular markers. Furthermore, we offer a summary of the results of recent preclinical and clinical trials to recognize the current trends of investigation and understand the possible future directions of molecular targeted therapies in glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Outcome of Adult Medulloblastoma at a Tertiary Cancer Center.
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Almousa, Abdelatif, Erjan, Ayah, Sarhan, Nasim, Obeidat, Mouness, Alshorbaji, Amer, Amarin, Rula, Alawabdeh, Tala, Abu-Hijlih, Ramiz, Mujlli, Mohammad, Kh. Ibrahimi, Ahmad, Abu Laban, Dima, Maraqa, Bayan, Al-Ani, Abdallah, Al Sharie, Sarah, and Al-Hussaini, Maysa
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GLIOMA treatment ,CANCER treatment ,GLIOMAS ,RESEARCH funding ,CANCER relapse ,SYMPTOMS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,TERTIARY care ,CANCER patients ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,STATISTICS ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,TUMOR classification ,PROGRESSION-free survival ,SPECIALTY hospitals ,OVERALL survival ,ADULTS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Adult medulloblastoma is an uncommon brain tumor, distinct from its pediatric counterpart in clinical presentation and molecular characteristics. Its management often relies on treatment strategies derived from pediatric cases due to limited research on adults. Our study evaluates the clinical and molecular characteristics of 53 adult patients treated at a single center and explores factors influencing survival outcomes. We found that the extent of surgery and disease stage significantly impacted survival, while molecular subtypes did not correlate with prognosis. High-risk patients exhibited poor outcomes, suggesting a need for more aggressive treatment approaches. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving survival rates in adult patients. Background/Objectives: Adult medulloblastoma is a rare entity, with management data extrapolated from pediatric medulloblastoma cases. We aim to report the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcome of a cohort of adult patients with medulloblastoma. Methods: Fifty-three patients aged ≥ 18 years with medulloblastoma treated at King Hussein Cancer Center between 2007 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' diseases were staged according to modified Chang's staging system. All patients received adjuvant craniospinal irradiation followed by a posterior fossa boost. Baseline disease characteristics, including molecular subgrouping, were tested as prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by using univariate analysis. Results: Median follow-up was 70 months (range 37.5–104.5 months). Twenty-two tumors were of the SHH-activated subtype. Conversely, WNT-activated and group 4 tumors had three cases each. Only 37.7% of patients died. The mean 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS were 85% (75–95%), 74% (62–87%), and 50% (33–75%), respectively. Significant differences in OS were associated with the extent of surgery (p = 0.017), M stage (p = 0.009), and risk status (p < 0.001). Relapses were detected in 28.3% of cases. The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year PFS were 81% (71–92%), 75% (63–88%), and 66% (52–83%), respectively. Significant differences in PFS were associated with the extent of surgery (p = 0.008) and risk status (p = 0.012). Molecular subgrouping did not correlate with OS or PFS. Conclusions: Our results revealed poor survival of patients with high-risk disease, which may necessitate the intensification of chemotherapy. Molecular subgrouping did not correlate with the outcome in this cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. A unique presentation of trigeminal neuralgia related to a central nervous tissue choristoma along the trigeminal nerve root: illustrative case.
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Ataoglu, Cagdas, Erginoglu, Ufuk, Aydi, Serhat, Sapanci, Mehmet, Salamat, Shahriar, and Baskaya, Mustafa K.
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- 2024
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45. Ecological response of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Laelapidae) to Dermanyssus gallinae (Dermanyssidae).
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Granich, Juliana, Rodighero, Luana Fabrina, Schlemer, Sabrina Marion, and Ferla, Noeli Juarez
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LIFE cycles (Biology) ,PREDATORY mite ,GALLIFORMES ,LIFE tables ,OVIPARITY - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the predation potential of Stratiolaelaps scimitus feeding on different stages of Dermanyssus gallinae (egg, immature and adult), under laboratory conditions. Stratiolaelaps scimitus showed a high survival rate, demonstrting that D. gallinae serves as adequate food for its development. It was observed that S. scimitus presented a fecundity rate of 11.70±1.20 eggs/female in an average period of 31.2±3.90 days, with the offspring demonstrating egg viability of 97.37%. Prepre-oviposition was 8.59±0.61 days, oviposition 31.17±3.86 days and post-oviposition 8.59±0.61 days. In this study, S. scimitus increased the net reproduction rate (Ro) about 8.53 times every 37.27 days (T=37.27.), corresponding to a daily population growth of 1.04 (λ = 01.04), and a production of 58 females/female/day (rm=58). The population doubling time (DT) was 11.89 days. Stratiolaelaps scimitus in this study developed and reproduced by feeding exclusively on D. gallinae. This predator is more efficient or prefers the immature phase of D. gallinae, followed by the adult and, to a lesser extent, the egg. Eggs may not provide the necessary nutrition for the predator, and adults, being nearly twice the size of the predator, may not be as easy to capture. Stratiolaelaps scimitus demonstrated to be able to control D. gallinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Unite and Conquer: Association of Two G-Quadruplex Aptamers Provides Antiproliferative and Antimigration Activity for Cells from High-Grade Glioma Patients.
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Pavlova, Svetlana, Fab, Lika, Dzarieva, Fatima, Ryabova, Anastasia, Revishchin, Alexander, Panteleev, Dmitriy, Antipova, Olga, Usachev, Dmitry, Kopylov, Alexey, and Pavlova, Galina
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HUMAN cell culture ,BRAIN cancer ,RADIOTHERAPY ,CELL migration ,GLIOMAS - Abstract
Background: High-grade gliomas remain a virtually incurable form of brain cancer. Current therapies are unable to completely eradicate the tumor, and the tumor cells that survive chemotherapy or radiation therapy often become more aggressive and resistant to further treatment, leading to inevitable relapses. While the antiproliferative effects of new therapeutic molecules are typically the primary focus of research, less attention is given to their influence on tumor cell migratory activity, which can play a significant role in recurrence. A potential solution may lie in the synergistic effects of multiple drugs on the tumor. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of combined exposure to bi-(AID-1-T), an anti-proliferative aptamer, and its analog bi-(AID-1-C), on the migratory activity of human GBM cells. Results: We examined the effects of various sequences of adding bi-(AID-1-T) and bi-(AID-1-C) on five human GBM cell cultures. Our findings indicate that certain sequences significantly reduced the ability of tumor cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, the expression of Nestin, PARP1, L1CAM, Caveolin-1, and c-Myc was downregulated in human GBM cells that survived exposure, suggesting that the treatment had a persistent antitumor effect on these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. What Happens to Serum Levels of Visinin-Like Protein-1, Caveolin-1 and Neuron-Specific Enolase after Supratentorial Glioma Resection: A Pilot Study.
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KEMERDERE, Rahsan, KAYA, Alperen, VERGILI, Ender, INCE, Merve, TURK, Ibrahim, INAL, Berrin Bercik, KACIRA, Tibet, and TANRIVERDI, Taner
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- 2024
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48. Parasiticidal Properties of Nanoemulsion-Based Plant Essential Oil Formulations for Controlling Poultry Ectoparasites in Farm Conditions.
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Pumnuan, Jarongsak, Lakyat, Anuwat, Klompanya, Ampon, Taemchuay, Duangkamol, Assavawongsanon, Amorn, Doungnapa, Thanaporn, and Kramchote, Somsak
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SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,VEGETABLE oils ,INSECTICIDE residues ,POULTRY farms ,ESSENTIAL oils ,POULTRY farming - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study evaluates nanoemulsion-based plant essential oil formulations (NEOFs) containing clove and cinnamon oils for controlling poultry ectoparasites in farm conditions. The results showed that NEOFs achieved an over 95% ectoparasite eradication after two treatments, compared to significantly higher levels in untreated controls. NEOF-treated flocks had increased egg production and improved feed conversion ratios, with no significant changes in leukocyte profiles. Unlike cypermethrin, NEOFs left no detectable residues. These findings highlight NEOFs as a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, promoting sustainable poultry farming practices. Nanoemulsion-based plant essential oil formulations (NEOFs) have shown remarkable parasiticidal properties in laboratory settings, suggesting the potential for practical farm applications. This study investigates the efficacy of NEOFs—comprising clove and cinnamon essential oils (EOs)—in controlling poultry ectoparasites under real farm conditions. We evaluated the impact of NEOFs on ectoparasite populations, egg-laying performance, egg quality, leukocyte profiles in chicken blood, and potential insecticide residues in eggs. Conducted across various poultry farms, the results revealed that NEOFs achieved an over 95% ectoparasite eradication after two treatments, compared to significantly higher ectoparasite populations in untreated control groups. Egg production was notably higher in NEOF-treated flocks, and the feed conversion ratio was improved. No significant differences in leukocyte profiles were observed between the treated and control groups. In contrast, cypermethrin residues were detectable in eggs for more than eight weeks post-treatment. NEOFs achieved an over 97% ectoparasite extermination within seven days post-treatment, with farmer satisfaction averaging 4.83 out of 5.00. These findings position NEOFs as a highly effective, environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for managing poultry ectoparasites, offering a viable solution for sustainable poultry farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Antimicrobial Peptide with a Bent Helix Motif Identified in Parasitic Flatworm Mesocestoides corti.
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Rončević, Tomislav, Gerdol, Marco, Pacor, Sabrina, Cvitanović, Ana, Begić, Anamarija, Weber, Ivana, Krce, Lucija, Caporale, Andrea, Mardirossian, Mario, Tossi, Alessandro, and Zoranić, Larisa
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ANTIMICROBIAL peptides ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,HELICAL structure ,CIRCULAR dichroism - Abstract
The urgent need for antibiotic alternatives has driven the search for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from many different sources, yet parasite-derived AMPs remain underexplored. In this study, three novel potential AMP precursors (mesco-1, -2 and -3) were identified in the parasitic flatworm Mesocestoides corti, via a genome-wide mining approach, and the most promising one, mesco-2, was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. It showed potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity at submicromolar range against E. coli and K. pneumoniae and low micromolar activity against A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Mechanistic studies indicated a membrane-related mechanism of action, and circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that mesco-2 is unstructured in water but forms stable helical structures on contact with anionic model membranes, indicating strong interactions and helix stacking. It is, however, unaffected by neutral membranes, suggesting selective antimicrobial activity. Structure prediction combined with molecular dynamics simulations suggested that mesco-2 adopts an unusual bent helix conformation with the N-terminal sequence, when bound to anionic membranes, driven by a central GRGIGRG motif. This study highlights mesco-2 as a promising antibacterial agent and emphasizes the importance of structural motifs in modulating AMP function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. Effectiveness of co-cultured Myristica fragrans Houtt. seed extracts with commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis and its metabolites in antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of skin pathogenic bacteria.
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Oo, Thidar, Saiboonjan, Bhanubong, Mongmonsin, Urairat, Srijampa, Sukanya, Srisrattakarn, Arpasiri, Tavichakorntrakool, Ratree, Chanawong, Aroonwadee, Lulitanond, Aroonlug, Roytrakul, Sittiruk, Sutthanut, Khaetthareeya, and Tippayawat, Patcharaporn
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PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,SKIN disease prevention ,SKIN microbiology ,ANTIBIOTICS ,SURVIVAL ,BIOFILMS ,RESEARCH funding ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,DATA analysis ,T-test (Statistics) ,ESSENTIAL oils ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,ANTIMICROBIAL peptides ,QUANTITATIVE research ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BACTERIA ,SEEDS ,PLANT extracts ,METABOLITES ,GAS chromatography ,GENES ,NUTMEG tree ,MEDICINAL plants ,DRUG efficacy ,MASS spectrometry ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis software ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CELL survival ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background: Skin commensal bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) can help defend against skin infections, and they are increasingly being recognized for their role in benefiting skin health. This study aims to demonstrate the activities that Myristica fragrans Houtt. seed extracts, crude extract (CE) and essential oil (EO), have in terms of promoting the growth of the skin commensal bacterium S. epidermidis and providing metabolites under culture conditions to disrupt the biofilm formation of the common pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The culture supernatant obtained from a co-culture of S. epidermidis with M. fragrans Houtt. seed extracts in either CE or EO forms were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in silico investigations, and applied to assess the survival and biofilm formation of S. aureus. Results: The combination of commensal bacteria with M. fragrans Houtt. seed extract either CE or EO produced metabolic compounds such as short-chain fatty acids and antimicrobial peptides, contributing to the antimicrobial activity. This antimicrobial activity was related to downregulating key genes involved in bacterial adherence and biofilm development in S. aureus, including cna, agr, and fnbA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that using the culture supernatant of the commensal bacteria in combination with CE or EO may provide a potential approach to combat biofilm formation and control the bacterial proliferation of S. aureus. This may be a putative non-invasive therapeutic strategy for maintaining a healthy skin microbiota and preventing skin infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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