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Preventive health care use can reduce the risk of disease, disability, and death. Thus, it is critical to understand factors that shape preventive care use. A growing body of research identifies structural sexism as a driver of population health, but it remains unknown if structural sexism is linked to preventive care use and, if so, whether the relationship differs for women and men. Gender performance and gendered power and resource allocation perspectives lead to competing hypotheses regarding these questions. This study explores the relationship between structural sexism and preventive care in gender-stratified, multilevel models that combine data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with state-level data (N = 425,454). We find that in states with more structural sexism, both men and women were less likely to seek preventive care. These findings support the gender performance hypothesis for men and the gendered power and resource allocation hypothesis for men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonized European NSCLC incidence, treatment approach, and survival based on national tumor registries are unclear. Surgery has the potential to cure NSCLC and significantly prolong survival. This large-scale international study aimed to investigate treatment variations in Europe and the USA, as well as the determinants for its utilization. The retrospective cohort study analyzed data from six European national population-based cancer registries (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, the Netherlands, and Slovenia) and the US SEER database from 2010–2015. The study computed cancer incidence, survival, and age-standardized proportions of the use of various therapies. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between resection and demographic and clinical parameters. A total of 428,107 records were analyzed. Among all countries, Estonia had the highest surgical resection rate (79.3 %) and the lowest radiation rate (7.3 %) for stage I patients. The Netherlands had the highest rate of radiotherapy across all years of investigation and the lowest surgery rate between 2012 and 2015. The primary treatment for early-stage NSCLC showed significant international variation, with the USA having a decrease in surgical rates from 67.6 % to 59.5 %. Resection was less frequently performed as tumor stage increased, patients aged, other lung cancer besides adenocarcinoma was present, and when the tumor site overlapped multiple lobes. Resection rates have declined in some studied European countries and the USA and resection rates vary substantially among countries. Interpretation of current scientific lung cancer evidence and international guidelines results in wide variations in patient treatment. • Primary treatment of early stage NSCLC varies widely in Europe and the USA. • The Netherlands had the relatively highest SBRT rates and the lowest resection rates for stage I NSCLC. • The USA experienced a significant decreasing trend in Stage I surgical resections. • Higher Age/Stage and unknown histology are strongly associated with lower surgery rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]