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This paper investigates necessary conditions for developing a participatory, rightsholder-driven approach to remedy for business-related human rights abuses by analyzing findings from a case study with the Fair Food Program. With the inclusion of human rights into discussions of business ethics and CSR, scholars and practitioners have made calls for participatory approaches to remedy to address cases of human rights abuses. However, a gap remains in our understanding of how to operationalize participatory approaches in a manner that empowers rightsholders, particularly within contexts of severe power imbalances. The paper puts forth a rightsholder-driven theoretical framework for remedy, grounded on critical dialogic accountability principles and integrated with empirical analysis from the Fair Food Program case study. This framework defines remedy as a system comprising reinforcing aspects rather than standalone mechanisms. The critical dialogic accounting and accountability framework provides a theoretical framing of engagement that enables the inclusion of multiple, divergent voices and aims toward meaningful engagement with marginalized groups. The analysis of findings from the case study identifies enforcement and education as necessary conditions for effective and empowering rightsholder-driven approaches to remedy. The paper deconstructs these conditions to develop an understanding of the program's unique approach to enforcement and education. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of rightsholder-driven remedy for Business and Human Rights and business accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the increasing prominence of digital labour platforms in the labour markets of Southeast Europe, and compares the supply of online labour from nine selected countries: Serbia, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria. Digital labour platforms, as an innovative business model, play an important role in today's labour markets by linking the demand and supply of digital work. Southeast Europe is no exception to this trend, and has become an important supplier of online labour. With the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, this and other new forms of employment further increased both globally and in Southeast Europe. Despite this trend, online labour often remains invisible and under the radar of national policymakers and regulators, as well as national statistical agencies, due to the globalised nature of online platforms. This paper aims to shed light on the development of online labour in the countries studied, based on publicly available data collected through Gigmetar, a web scraping tool designed to monitor trends on the number, gender, incomes, and occupations of online workers.1 The paper compares online labour from nine countries active on the most significant general digital labour platforms (Upwork, Freelancer, and Guru) from February 2022 to October 2022. The criteria for the comparison include occupations, 2 gender and income. The analysis is based on the data of approximately 80% of the total number of active digital workers on the platforms under investigation. The paper points out the similarities and differences in online labour between the countries of Southeast Europe. For example, the number of online workers increased in all the countries, with creative services and multimedia and software development comprising the most dominant occupations in each country. Moreover, men are more commonly represented in these digital markets than women. However, these generalities hide remarkable differences between the countries in terms of the number of online workers per capita, the comparative advantages of each country based on the composition of the online labour force in terms of professions, variations in the gender gap in income distribution, and the average hourly labour price demanded by workers. The results of our analysis may provide useful information to national policy makers as they work to address the challenges in the labour market brought by technological advancements. This information can also be used to develop policies in areas such as labour rights, education and training, and gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed several chinks in the armour of public health infrastructure across the world. However, the impact of the pandemic has been assessed primarily from the perspective of the 'privileged' members of society. The experiences of the 'other' world inhabited by the marginalised communities, who have had their livelihoods crushed under the weight of the pandemic, have been scarcely documented. As thousands of migrant workers were more scared of death caused by hunger rather than the disease itself, the various steps taken by different countries to curb community transmission have unveiled the ugly side of these measures. For example, as several states such as the US, the UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, and India/Bharat imposed lockdowns, border closures, quarantines, inter alia, the most vulnerable section of the human population has been the migrant workers, especially those individuals who were employed in the unorganised sector. Thus, the global health crisis has unravelled deep-rooted deficiencies, racial biases, and an overall lack of concern and empathy for the lesser privileged, apart from the growing socio-economic divide between the rich and the poor. This research paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers in the informal sector by exploring the measures imposed by the US, the UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, and India/Bharat and analyse how their fundamental rights, including the right to development, were compromised. Through this paper, the author provides a five-point strategic framework that can be adopted globally to prevent such instances in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the reasons why Indonesia must have legal regulations to provide protection and guarantees for health workers in carrying out the profession in overcoming corona virus disease (COVID-19). This paper also explains the legal regulations as the foundation for today's medical workers' protection. This paper also aims at providing an ideal legal construction that safeguards the rights and obligations of health workers in overcoming COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the author used qualitative research methods with a socio-legal approach. The data were obtained through literature study and analysis of laws and regulations through the socio-legal method. Findings: Various challenges and professional risks taken by health workers in dealing with COVID-19 derive from several factors, such as shortage of personal protective equipment, ineffective implementation of informed consent from the patients and the negative stigma spreading in the community. Moreover, the current legal regulation has not particularly modulated the protection of health workers, relying only on available articles that are actually irrelevant to be applied in the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications: This research is focused on problems faced by health workers in combating COVID-19 and law concessions to ensure their protection. Practical implications: The final results of this research will be useful for The House of Representatives (DPR), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) and the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) in establishing legal and regulatory construction for the protection of health workers in tackling COVID-19. Social implications: This research aims at strengthening legal protections for the health workers so that their rights and obligations are well guaranteed. Originality/value: This paper proposes an ideal legal construction for the protection of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is currently still not specifically and rigidly regulated, to realize a guaranteed and sustainable life for health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to provide theoretical insights and explore the comparative legal practice of approaching mental health and well-being at the workplace by applying legal normative and comparative methods in a digitalized world of work. In this regard, subordination vs autonomy needs to be considered as a starting theoretical point accompanied by an overview of comparative legal approaches that have recently introduced some novel legal mechanisms, such as the right to disconnect to deal better with the exercise of fundamental labor rights. Additionally, introducing a psychosocial risk management model in occupational health and safety could significantly improve workers’ mental health and well-being in the digital age. Therefore, the proactive, holistic, and integrated approach to workers’ rights and status in the digital environment must be analyzed by exploring the bounding point between organizational management views on the subject and labor law standpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Works Council (EWC) Directive provides the establishment of a social partnership forum within Multinational Companies (MNCs). The directive gives employees the right to information and consultation with the supra-national group management. The aim of this concept paper is to contribute to the debate on the Europeanization of Industrial Relations (IR) in the European Union. Specifically, it assesses the influence that EWCs, a novel institution within certain Euro-companies, have on the convergence of industrial relations among the member states. This critical topic can be evaluated from the standpoint of the current theory and its practical implications in order to draw the perspectives for a European system of IR both within MNCs and the rest of the companies. Our conclusions indicate that EWCs contribute to Europeanization in several aspects of employee relations, although this contribution has been limited to those issues that are wished for by the MNCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The tea plantation industry is characterized by the large-scale deployment of cheap women laborers and gender-blind practices that make the social positions of women workers vulnerable. This paper considers women temporary workers in tea gardens to study the exacerbated impact of Covid-19 on their lives. The impact of the pandemic on marginal tea garden women laborers has not received enough attention from researchers; hence, the authors have studied the gendered implications of the pandemic on Adivasi temporary women workers in tea gardens in India. "Adivasi" is an umbrella term to refer to all indigenous tribes in India. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a qualitative study with 26 in-depth interviews with women temporary workers who identify themselves as Adivasis. For the discussion, the authors have mainly borrowed from intersectionality and subalternity literature. Findings: The analysis explored the intersectional experiences of the women temporary workers (1) as members of Tea Tribes who are compelled to continue working at tea gardens as wage laborers, (2) job insecurities at work due to their temporary worker status, (3) disadvantages faced by women workers for their gender identity and (4) the gendered impact of the pandemic on their lives. Originality/value: This study has explored the gendered impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the lives of temporary women workers who belong to ethnic minority groups in the global south. The exploitation of labor rights in the tea industry during the pandemic has not been discussed enough by researchers earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the dynamic asymmetric effects of digitization on domestic inflation for a sample of 54 advanced economies (AEs) and emerging markets (EMs) over the period 2004–2018. Using Katz and Calorda's Digital Ecosystem Development Index and employing the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation methodology, the results of the paper reveal that the improvement in digitization has a statistically significant nonlinear deflationary effect with an exact threshold level of 43.22 points, that is, that the marginal effect of the digital penetration is larger when its level is lower than the threshold level. For EMs, with a level of digitization below the average of our full sample, policymakers must continue to invest in and expand on their digital ecosystem until the threshold level is achieved. Our results show that investment in human capital and improvement in governance can reinforce these deflationary effects. Hence, to obtain the maximum positive impact of increasing digitization on domestic inflation, EM governments should focus on maximizing school enrollment, controlling corruption, establishing rule of law, protecting the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and implementing accountability measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the lenses and language of therapeutic jurisprudence, this paper will argue that the rights of pregnant workers are vulnerable in a post-Brexit climate. Whilst the sunset clause from the Retained EU Law Bill, which would have caused all retained EU law to automatically expire at the end of 2023 unless expressly stated otherwise by Ministers, was lifted, the original drafts of the Bill made clear the government's lack of respect for and interest in protecting workers' rights (amongst others). Furthermore, despite the abandonment of the sunset, the now legislated Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Act 2023, aiming to deal with all laws that were once of European origin, still gives Ministers wide powers with limited input from Parliament to change EU derived legislation and replace with UK provision. Using an example from employment law, specifically, pregnant workers, this paper will show that the Act is a therapeutic jurisprudence unfriendly bottle as it has the potential to violate positive physical, social, and psychological outcomes. Recognising that these laws are currently vulnerable, we urge the government to keep intact (and potentially enhance) the laws protecting pregnant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• This paper focuses on the relation between Marx's and Sraffa's treatments of prices of production. • Sraffa turns out to be right that empirical aggregates have essentially the same magnitudes in prices and labor values. • However, Sraffa's emphasis on the curviness of individual prices is not supported by the data. Rather, empirical prices are mostly near-linear and can be extremely well approximated by a simple quadratic form. This paper examines three propositions: Sraffa's comment that Marx was "of course" right in thinking that labor value and "Sraffa price" (prices expressed relative to Sraffa's standard commodity) aggregates are essentially the same: empirical deviations of various aggregate components of total output are around five percent. This should be reflected in small representative models. Second, Pasinetti is correct that actual Sraffa price paths are generally simpler than those in the theoretical literature – as confirmed by the 403 industry price curves of the US 2002 input-output matrix. Third, as has been often demonstrated, Marx's transformation procedure is an iterative procedure for deriving Sraffa prices. Bienenfeld derives powerful first and second iterates, each beginning and ending at the corresponding individual Sraffa price curves. The simple nonlinear form of the second iterate provides excellent fits for the 403 Sraffa price curves. It is therefore an empirically sufficient general form of such price curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authors’ moral rights throughout history have been protected in various degrees across the globe: French law honors authors’ rights to their particular individual creative expression as supreme and perpetual; German law considers an author’s moral rights and economic rights in equal measure; in Australia, moral rights, though only recently codified, are not transferrable as they can be in the UK if waived. While the overarching Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works promises to protect the personality and reputation of authors, the literary landscape is now more diverse, with crossplatform entertainment streams expanding subsidiary rights opportunities in ways not anticipated even a decade ago. This paper explores how publishers and authors are currently navigating the publishing process post contract negotiations. Do authors defer to having their work manipulated to increase exposure or sales? Are publishers and editors successful negotiators and mediators of multiple uses of creative content and the authors who are inextricably tied to the work? Ultimately, where are the lines drawn when considering moral rights and opportunities in a converged literary landscape?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that trade unions have resorted to a number of rhetorical tools to make their arguments and ensure the voice of their members was heard. In a time in which union membership is declining and many have questioned trade unions' representation role, the recourse to figurative language – e.g. metaphors – might contribute to getting unions' messages through, restoring trust among affiliates. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the metaphorical devices employed in trade union discourse, with a view to appreciating the way they are utilised in employee relations and highlighting the values unions intend to promote through these figures of speech. To this end, discourse analysis is carried out on a data corpus consisting of documents issued by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in a given timeframe, in which metaphorical language is employed. The analysis focuses on a specific topic, i.e. platform workers and the protection of their rights. The findings reveal that metaphors are used by trade unions to convey different meanings, which are intended to generate narratives aimed at safeguarding the rights of platform workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Preamble to the Constitution of India grants equal status to all its citizens and assures them social, economic, and political justice. The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people came into sharp focus in India after the revolutionary judgment dellivered by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar vs. Union of India. Recognition of transgender people as third gender and decriminalization of same-sex relationships are two leading achievements for the LGBT community in India; however, the battle for equal human rights is still not over. This paper discusses the legal status of the LGBT community, in India, the areas where the community still faces discrimination, their status in other SAARC countries, and what needs to be done further in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on seafarers and the Internet so far has focused primarily on Internet access onboard ships. It frames Internet access as a welfare issue concerning seafarers' communication with their families. This paper expands the focus to examine how seafarers use the Internet and social media to build and extend their social networks for reciprocal support and solidarity. Taking a case study approach, this paper examines two cases of Chinese seafarers protecting their rights online. The data were collected from relevant Internet and social media sites in 2022. The two cases demonstrate that the Internet and social media provide social spaces for Chinese seafarers to expand their social networks and form online professional communities, which afford them new resources to defend their rights and protect their interests. In the context that the Chinese seafarers' union does not function to represent and help seafarers in labor and employment matters, these resources are particularly salient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an international social rights debate disproportionately focused on English-speaking countries, redundant emphasis has been placed on justiciability. While constitutionalization does challenge stable relations between powers, especially in the post-colonial and developing world, solid insights for a workable interpretative method can be derived from continental Europe, where the difficulties typically associated with justiciability have long been settled. The constitutions of Italy, Germany, and Portugal take socioeconomic democracy seriously, tempering socialist claims and refuting libertarian stances, and have managed to spur a legitimate judicial increment of substantive equality. Through a threefold comparison, this paper describes the peculiarities of these fundamental texts across the spectrum of possible constitutional design choices, and draws from comparative constitutional caselaw to highlight a cross-national convergence on a set of interpretative standards. These blend together a strong safeguard of legislative discretion with justiciable minimal guarantees, and a value-assertive orientation of balancing coextensive with the integrationist function of constitutionalized social and economic rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the rise of generative AI and recent debates about the socio‐political implications of large‐language models, chatbots, and the like, this paper analyzes the E.U.'s Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA), the world's first comprehensive attempt by a government body to address and mitigate the potentially negative impacts of AI technologies. The paper critically analyzes the AIA from a business and computer ethics point of view—a perspective currently lacking in the academic (e.g., GBOE‐related) literature. It evaluates, in particular, the AIA's strengths and weaknesses and proposes reform measures that could help to strengthen the AIA. Among the AIA's strengths are its legally binding character, extra‐territoriality, ability to address data quality and discrimination risks, and institutional innovations such as the AI Board and publicly accessible logs and database for AI systems. Among its main weaknesses are its lack of effective enforcement, oversight, and control, absence of procedural rights and remedy mechanisms, inadequate worker protection, institutional ambiguities, insufficient funding and staffing, and inadequate consideration of sustainability issues. Reform suggestions include establishing independent conformity assessment procedures, strengthening democratic accountability and judicial oversight, introducing redress and complaint mechanisms, ensuring the participation and inclusion of workers, guaranteeing political independence of the AI Board, providing enhanced funding and staffing of market surveillance authorities, and mandating "green AI." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 10 years at least, not only that human resource specialists have been challenged to upskill and re-skill themselves to stay relevant in a world dominated by technology, but they are in the driver's seat for selecting the right technology for employees and leadership, for managing large scale implementations and integrations, managing vendors, with the objective to keep the workforce engaged. Technology development disrupted traditional thinking, changed consumer behavior, and led to what we could call systemic malfunctions – the rapid development of technology gave no time to human resource specialists to acquire expertise in data analytics, information technology, user behavior, etc. – which translated into watermelon effect: metrics look good, but reality feels different. This study aims to add one more perspective in evaluating human resource technology performance, showing that we are measuring mostly service efficiency instead of measuring employee and business impact and outcomes. The methodology used in this study is Action-Research, mainly because is mostly aligned with Agile philosophy and business operating models. The existent literature is rich in proposing new ways to keep technology users engaged, and delighted, however, is not provide practical and relevant guidelines on how to measure their perception over the holistic experience mediated by technology. Outdated key performance indicators are no longer capable of driving further innovation, setting the stage for failure in keeping employees engaged. Furthermore, we believe that now more than ever before it’s time for consultants to play the role of service aggregators, to bring together technology, processes, and service providers, to unify the experience of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologija/Sociology: Journal of Sociology, Social Psychology & Social Anthropology is the property of MOD International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The right to work is a right enjoyed by every human being. International conventions and recommendations have been drawn up to ensure these rights, which include the regulation of all segments of the labor relationship (Binaku, 2021). The purpose of this study is to through an objective approach make a detailed description of the rights employed in the private and public sectors in the Republic of Kosovo, as a criterion of a fair and developed society. This paper also aims to highlight the rights of employees and the actions taken by the relevant institutions to guarantee transparency and accountability. This indicates a significant risk for employers, who do not respect the obligation taken (Diepold & Grosjean, 2022). For this purpose, we used random sampling techniques in the sample of 460 workers. Therefore, the analysis of these data consists of descriptive statistics. In conclusion, the results of this research imply the need to develop policies in terms of informing employees about their rights, since the respect of rights in these two sectors promotes a fair society, helps to reduce social differences, and contributes to the development of economic durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of decent work in tourism is critical to ensure the sustainable growth of the industry, workers' rights are respected, and local communities as well as tourists benefit. To this end, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of research on decent work in tourism. The analysis covered 105 studies from the Scopus database. VOSviewer was used to perform a citation, bibliographic linkage, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis. The increase in the number of research papers and citations on this topic shows that it has progressively attracted the attention of researchers in the last three years. Results show that the United Kingdom is the most productive country in this field of study while the journal with the greatest influence is Journal of Sustainable Tourism. The study with the strongest link to other publications is "Rethinking decent work: the value of dignity in tourism employment". The most studied topics concern the integration of decent work to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the context of sustainable tourism and the sustainable adaptation of the hospitality and tourism industry in the time of COVID -19. Future research directions are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While ESG thrives, labor rights are being left behind. Environmental, social, and governance standards largely ignore workers' rights to organize a union. American labor law has not kept pace with the technology that enables employers to engage in old-school and modern union-busting. Companies like Starbucks, Amazon, and Apple trimipet sustainability while using intimidation, surveillance, and coercion to quash their employees' attempts to unionize. As the SEC and EU begin to mandate workforce-related disclosures for publicly traded companies, it's time to revise ESG standards to prioritize sustainable labor rights. This paper is the first to propose changes to the ESG regime to fill critical gaps in legal protections for union organizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe an experiential learning activity designed to sensitize students to the prevalence and challenges of disclosing invisible disabilities in the workplace. It provides an impactful learning experience about a widespread phenomenon that receives little attention in textbooks. The exercise assigns a hidden disability to some participants who interact with others who act as trusted friends. The interactions help participants develop their ability to interact sensitively with those who may have hidden disabilities. They explore the advantages and disadvantages of disclosing hidden disabilities at work. Guiding questions help focus deliberations during which participants consider the influence of their assigned role. A plenary discussion follows where students share the outcomes of the simulation. Debriefing questions and suggested answers help instructors deepen student learning on the topic. A follow-up assignment allows participants to summarize personal learning about the subject and solidify the learning outcomes. Most workers with nonapparent disabilities hide them, although disclosing them may help their employers provide helpful accommodations. This learning activity helps increase awareness and understanding of hidden disabilities in work settings and supports learning about disclosing and accommodating disabilities in the workplace. Instructors can use the activity to support understanding of employee rights, equity and accommodations in large or small classes, in-person or online, synchronously or asynchronously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global shortage of chefs and cooks currently exists within the hospitality industry, exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Migrant cooks are essential to the culinary industry, yet remain relatively anonymous within the academic literature, a research gap which this original paper seeks to address. Using a phenomenological epistemology, combined with the theoretical framework of hospitality and practice theory, this qualitative research focused on investigating the lived experience of the professional lives and identities of immigrant cooks working in Paris, France, the birthplace of the restaurant. Extant literature was reviewed, and a focus group with migrant cooks explored themes within and missing from the literature, followed by eight in-depth semi-structured interviews with migrant cooks. Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed two main themes: challenges and attitude. The 'Challenges' theme had two sub-themes: (1) integration and segregation, and (2) human resource issues. The second theme 'Attitude' also had two sub-themes: (1) what it means to be a cook, or 'agency' and (2) gastronomy. The findings should be of interest to hospitality professionals, policy makers, academics, and advocates for migrant workers' rights. We conclude that the hospitality industry should be more hospitable toward its staff – particularly toward migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rich narrative on the new dynamics of organizing among informal workers wherein citizenship claims rather labour rights become the basis for negotiation. However, putting citizenship claims at the centre puts migrants at a relative disadvantage. Migrants share their vulnerabilities with other informal workers, but they have additional disadvantages rooted in them being 'non-citizens'. Ironically, migrants are often treated in existing literature as an undifferentiated part of informal labour. Situated in the aftermath of COVID-19, this article locates migrant workers' vulnerability within their inability to organize as a unique group rather than just as trade-based associations of informal workers. Specifically, the paper asks; what explains the lack of organization among migrant workers? What is the role of trade unions in this regard? And, how has an NGO-led initiative during the outbreak of Covid-19, unfolded opportunities for migrant street vendors to organize? Based on a qualitative study using, primary data from two districts in India, it is found that migrants are occupationally designed to remain de-organized, whereas trade unions represent a case of moral hazard. In fact, part of this disadvantage persists because migrants' mobilization is yet to figure as a direct agenda of the trade unions. Alongside, a civil society organization, through iterative negotiations initiates a process that, though unintended, can address the citizenship question for migrants. This process mirrors the dynamics of alternative organizing. However, it also signifies that any claims to organize migrant workers must accommodate their distinct positioning within informal workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationships between natural resources, foreign direct investment (FDI) and the quality of national institutions, also known as "the rules of the game". Using a data set of 69 developing countries over the period 1970–2015 to estimate a dynamic panel data model, we find negative and significant effects of natural resources use or extraction on the development of national institutions. We focus on legal and property rights, but these findings also apply to the quality of some other national institutions. Our results align with a theory that abundant natural resources lead to weakened institutions because of the potential for firms to secure monopoly rents. Furthermore, we find that the effects of FDI inflows on institutional development are not robust to controlling for natural resources rents. This suggests that the latter tend to erode institutions regardless of whether those resources are exploited alongside increased foreign investment into the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are employers allowed under EU law to use brain data as part of the growing trend of workplace surveillance? And if so, how should this be regulated to ensure full respect of labour rights? What role does the workers' consent play in this context? Through the examination of the legal protection offered to mental data by the GDPR and the potential of the opening clause enshrined in its Article 88 as a tool to protect workers from neurosurveillance, this paper aims to answer some of these questions. Ultimately, through the combined analysis of scholarly writings, data protection and labour legislation adopted in EU Member States and the relevant ECtHR and CJUE case-law, this work provides the basis for a broader discussion on whether the legal safeguards currently in force are sufficient to grant protection against the employers accessing workers' mental states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many labor scholars and practitioners see the regulation of informal work as necessary to protect the world's most vulnerable workers from market predation. This article advances an alternative perspective: State regulation is a versatile tool that can be wielded either by workers or by elites, often toward contradictory ends. Accordingly, the key question for those seeking to promote decent work is not whether to formalize informal jobs, but rather, formalization by and for whom? The author uses this approach to analyze differential outcomes between efforts to formalize the work of waste pickers in São Paulo, Brazil, and Bogotá, Colombia. Drawing on 24 months of field research, the author documents how São Paulo's formalization policies benefited few street waste pickers, whereas those of Bogotá elevated the incomes, conditions, and voices of thousands of comparable workers. The analysis suggests that formalization is likely to yield pro-worker outcomes only when workers possess sufficient power over policy design and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores connections between domestic worker activism and anti-fascism in the United States—two topics that historians have usually considered separately. Through the lens of Black domestic worker and organizer Rosa Rayside, we see the strong links between the two political movements. In 1934, after co-founding the New York Domestic Workers Union (DWU), Rayside attended the World Congress of Women against War and Fascism in Paris. That congress defined fascism broadly, around nationalism, racism, repression of radicals, denial of civil liberties, capitalist and imperialist greed and warmongering, and threats to women. Notably, the congress specifically identified challenging U.S. racism and defending labor rights for domestic workers as part of a global anti-fascist fight. Influenced by this congress, and by communist organizing in Harlem during the Great Depression, Rayside and the DWU drew on anti-fascism ideologically and organizationally in the years that followed. Rayside worked to include domestic workers in labor and social security legislation, testifying before U.S. Congress in 1935 and helping to form the anti-fascist National Negro Congress (NNC) in 1936. Although their immediate legislative achievements were limited, the strategies that Rayside and the DWU pioneered—collaborating with community and political organizations, spearheading legislation, and shaping understandings of Black women's "triple oppression" based on race, class, and gender—were vital to the Black anti-fascist movement in the United States and shaped gains by domestic workers in later decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precarious Employment (PE) is characterized by job, income, and benefit insecurities. Studies surrounding PE and well-being have been predominantly quantitative, leaving a gap in rich descriptions of employment experiences. We recruited a sample of 40 adults aged 25-55 who were involved in PE during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic or lost employment due to the pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were administered. Employment and income insecurities were common and had negative impacts on the well-being of participants and their families. Uncertainty about future employment prospects and job and income loss resulted in chronic distress. Other insecurities—access to benefits, violation of worker rights, worker safety—was also reported as impacting well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic deepened insecurities, hardships, and distress among workers with PE conditions. Given the myriad insecurities experienced by those engaged in PE, the focus of precarious work research should also include working conditions, violation of worker rights, and managerial domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Coase Theorem posits that frictionless markets efficiently allocate scarce resources as long as property rights are fully specified. Our empirical study investigates how the initial allocation of labor-related property rights influences the allocative efficiency in labor markets for skilled workers within a highly competitive environment--professional basketball. Specifically, we compare two regimes: one where employers can trade workers to other employers without the worker's consent, and another where workers are free agents, able to negotiate and move freely without their employer's consent. Methods: We utilize the NBA as a "laboratory" to conduct our analysis, constructing a unique panel dataset that includes 3,132 player-season observations spanning 17 regular seasons from 2003/04 to 2019/20. To address our research question, we employ linear panel regression models to analyze the data. Results and discussion: The findings reveal a decline in productivity among workers who transition to new employers as free agents, a phenomenon not observed among non-free agents. This observation suggests that allocative efficiency might be higher when workers are traded without their consent compared to when they exercise their autonomy as free agents. These findings highlight the significant impact that the initial distribution of labor-related property rights has on labor market efficiency, potentially challenging the assumptions of the Coase Theorem. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference in productivity changes between free agents and non-free agents moving to new employers prevents us from definitively rejecting the predictions of the Coase Theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since regaining its independence in 1991, Lithuania has undergone a process of chaotic privatization in which labor was systematically disempowered, above all, by the targeted erosion of labor rights formally endorsed in the pre-existing Soviet labor code. In the newly legitimized and aggressive pro-business environment of the post-Soviet era, organized labor's residual power was seen as an anachronistic impediment to the power of capital in reshaping society and the economy. This article investigates the political dynamics of disembedded labor law reform in Lithuania, which enabled neoliberal reformers to legislate while disregarding broader societal interests and imposing unilateral changes in labor relations. A content analysis of 852 news media reports on labor law reforms published in 2014–2016 was used to demonstrate how discursive and institutional exclusion and sequencing were employed by the neoliberal government to circumvent the interests of major social and economic groups, resulting in the passage of pro-business legislation. The implications of resorting to disembedded politics in the labor reform process are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the career transition journey of educationally disadvantaged young women from a recognition perspective in the context of risk society. By means of purposive sampling, 12 young women aged between 18 and 24 who had dropped out from junior or senior secondary school were sampled basing on their social status and family's socioeconomic status. With the use of thematic analysis, the study thoroughly examined 12 transcripts collected from individual interviews. The results showed the career transition journey of the participants in five distinctive aspects, namely, (1) striving for recognition, confronting and managing misrecognition, and sustaining life other than seeking recognition or managing misrecognition; (2) experiencing misrecognition encompassing deprivation of social support, victimization, agency undermining, esteem diminution, and distorted/manipulative recognition; (3) using recognition-based strategies to navigate career transition including social support based on satisfying affective and tangible needs, respect on the basis of equal rights and duties, and expanding sources of esteem by resuming schooling, attending interest-aligned training, caring for others, and/or excelling at work; (4) keeping a distance from manipulative or distorted recognition givers as being helpful to manage misrecognition; and (5) seeking survival, fun, exposure or sensation may help sustain life or attract more devastating risks. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence to inform the delivery of well-targeted career support services for young women with educational disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'black box issue' is one of the biggest problems with algorithmic management. The lack of transparency in the operation and decision-making of AI is of greatest concern to those whose data is being processed (including employees). Trade unions, as the organisations that most represent the interests of workers, can play a big role here; however, they need to be empowered. There is a lack of legislation at EU and Member State level to set norms for this issue; the only country that has already introduced such legislation is Spain. The draft Polish regulation refers to the Spanish solutions and seems to be very interesting. It introduces the possibility for trade unions to obtain data from an employer on the operation of AI in relation to the algorithmic management of employees. The authors present this regulation against the background of EU recommendations and previous Polish legislation on the employer's obligation to provide information. They also identify elements that need to be refined during the parliamentary process in order to make the regulation more effective in protecting workers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought great changes to the lives of mankind. The emergence of AI as part of the rapid evolution of digital technology has led to major changes in the world's lives. This research examines the impact of AI digitalization on Indonesia's workforce and the role of regulation in mitigating negative impacts. It emphasizes the need for holistic evaluation of labor law and modernization of professional job training programs. The research results show that the use of AI in Indonesia is increasing in various sectors, including the employment sector. Moreover, data privacy protection is still inadequate to ensure data protection and privacy of AI technology users. Therefore, it is necessary to update and add regulations that regulate comprehensively, covering data protection, algorithm transparency, occupational safety and health, elimination and specific retraining related to AI, and labor rights relevant to technological developments. It is also necessary to implement new regulations that provide legal protection for the application of AI can minimize the occurrence of cybercrimes on customer data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What should the relationship be between the promotion of labor rights and the importation of foreign-origin merchandise? Specifically, should America allow into its customs territory imports made with forced labor? The conventional answer, evidenced by U.S. international trade law since 1930, has been a reasonably tight ban on such products. But allegations of genocide orchestrated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) against Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang underscored bipartisan concern that the Section 307 ban needed tightening. The legislative response—the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, enacted on December 23, 2021, and effective June 21, 2022—did that, and more, by creating a rebuttable presumption that any item manufactured in whole or in part in Xinjiang, or by a company connected thereto, the UFLPA revolutionized U.S. international trade law. Simply put, the UFLPA is a dramatic change evincing a newfound American commitment to root out labor rights degradations from cross-border supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The level of nurses' job performance has always been of great concern, which not only represents the level of nursing service quality but is also closely related to patients' treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived organizational justice and job performance and to explore the mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness among young Chinese nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1136 young nurses was conducted between March and May 2023 using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Job Performance Scale, Organizational Justice Assessment Scale, Nursing Organizational Climate Scale, and Job Embeddedness Scale, and the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between job performance and perceived organizational justice (r = 0.477, p < 0.01), organizational climate (r = 0.500, p < 0.01), and job embeddedness (r = 0.476, p < 0.01). Organizational climate and job embeddedness acted as chain mediators between perceived organizational justice and job performance. The total effect of perceived organizational justice on job performance (β = 0.513) consisted of a direct effect (β = 0.311) as well as an indirect effect (β = 0.202) mediated through organizational climate and job embeddedness, with the mediating effect accounting for 39.38% of the total effect. Conclusions: Organizational climate and job embeddedness play a chain mediating role between perceived organizational justice and job performance, so hospital managers should pay attention to the level of perceived organizational justice among young nurses, and develop a series of targeted measures to improve their job performance using organizational climate and job embeddedness as entry points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Article demonstrates for the first time how civil servants check and restrain presidential power through collective bargaining. The executive branch is typically depicted as a top-down hierarchy. The President, as chief executive, issues policy directives, and the tenured bureaucracy of civil servants below him follow them. This presumed top-down structure shapes many influential critiques of the modern administrative state. Proponents of a strong President decry civil servants as an unelected "deep state" usurping popular will. Skeptics of presidential power fear the growth of an imperial presidency, held in check by an impartial bureaucracy. Federal sector labor rights, which play an increasingly central role in structuring the modern executive branch, complicate each of these critiques. Under federal law, civil servants have the right to enter into binding contracts with administrative agencies governing the conditions of their employment. These agreements restrain and reshape the President's power to manage the federal bureaucracy and impact nearly every area of executive branch policymaking, from how administrative law judges decide cases to how immigration agents and prison guards enforce federal law. Bureaucratic power arrangements are neither imposed from above by an "imperial" presidency nor subverted from below by an "unaccountable" bureaucracy. Rather, the President and the civil service bargain over the contours of executive authority and litigate their disputes before arbitrators and courts. Bargaining thus encourages a form of government-wide civil servant "resistance" that is legalistic rather than lawless, and highly structured and transparent rather than opaque and inchoate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political landscape in South Africa is based on mainstream politics, and employees’ as an important machinery for productivity are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa to form their trade union movements. The Labour Relations Act also recognises that such trade union movements are an important organised structure that enables employer and employee engagements for protecting the rights of both the employees and the employers. It remains a concern whether the trade union movements are still relevant to publicly and collectively support the mainstream political landscape. Additionally, whether this does not create any conflict in cases where their class contradictions occur. This is observed taking repulsive shape regularly given the neoliberal macroeconomic policy framework that the government is usually taking, which is perceived to have little liberty for workers. This study considers a long-standing ideological relation that exists through the ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), South African Communist Party (SACP), and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). The above remains a classical case for evaluating times that have evolved from the struggle to defeat apartheid and the relevance of such relations after the three (3) decades of democracy. The study intends to conceptualise the historic evolution of trade union movement in South Africa and the struggle for liberation, political contestations and ideological clashes, policy perspective, negation of the negation as an entrenched basis for class exploitation. These concepts are used to frame a conceptual qualitative study that reviews complex literature. The study concludes that the publicly and collective support of trade union movement is problematic at this shape. It is recommended that a collective accountability and regular engagements to shape each transition of the alliance is a necessary panacea for managing constantly political interests that threatens unity in the tripartite alliance. This invokes a possible future study on modelling human capital governance in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to get an insight into the major sectors with a green job potential in Delta State and to further analyze the argument that job creation is one of the important benefits of green growth policies - that is, policies to foster economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies (Bowen and Kuralbayeva, 2015). The claims that the greening of economies is a net generator of decent jobs - good jobs that offer adequate wages, safe working conditions, job security, reasonable career prospects and worker rights (UNEP (2011). There is a great need to promote and create lots of green jobs to make Delta State a better place for future generations. The potential areas of green jobs in Delta State has revealed by the studies include among others: Rubber plantations, cassava (manioc), fish, palm oil and kernels, yams, and plantains, flour-milling plant, sawmilling, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and water, tourism, building sectors, forestry activities, waste management, railways, health sector, government bodies, education sector, Escravos Gas-to-Liquids (EGTL) plant, an integrated steel plant in Aladja, small enterprises and the market within SMEs. The study recommends that for green jobs to thrive in Delta State, there needs to be an increased appreciation for green and sustainable practices; Individualistic efforts from different agents, like governmental agencies, private sector, policymakers, employers, and employees are very important towards the creation of a Green Economy; better integration of employment needs and research programs; and a specific regulatory framework to promote green businesses, and a competitive ecosystem that creates green jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article seeks to understand how app delivery workers construct their collective identity through the digital platforms of YouTube and TikTok. Said identity construction occurs in the context of the social controversy surrounding their status as workers without labor rights or as independent partners of digital platforms. To this end, we collected 977 videos and their metadata and analyzed them via cross-platform digital methods. The findings reveal that app delivery workers construct their collective identity through the interplay of two factors. The first is the identity narratives created by delivery workers as video bloggers. The second is the recognition narratives created by different associated actors, such as accountants, media, universities and research centers, and content creators. Through these interactions, the narrative of delivery workers as independent partners acquires more algorithmic strength and visibility than those that discuss their status as employees and their lack of labor rights. Audiovisual technology also works as an instrument to reach individual agency and face the precariousness of daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]