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This study focuses on the streets and spatial networks of the historic urban area in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China, by mainly investigating the evolution of their geometric and topological characteristics. It draws on the theories and methods of urban morphology and space syntax, combines the digital historical maps at different times, and uses methods such as historical map spatial interpretation, geographic information system (GIS), sDNA tools, and urban morphological parameter analysis to explore and sort out the evolutionary process of the street and alley network in Changsha from the early modern period to the present. The paper constructs a parameter system for analyzing the street and alley network of historic urban areas from a geometric and topological perspective. It introduces the indicators of road density, road orientation, intersection density, and approaches such as closeness, betweenness, and intelligibility in space syntax into the parameter analysis framework of street and alley network morphology and spatial characteristics evolution. By comparing the changes in various parameters at different spatial scales, the process of the spatial order evolution of the street and alley network in the historic urban area is analyzed, and the evolutionary rules of the various periods' morphological characteristics are extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the assessment of ecological product value and provide a convenient means of measurement, it is imperative to enhance the value accounting system. Thus, this study aims to develop a methodology for assessing ecological products that accounts for both product quality and cost. This approach is used to determine the ecological product value for the three provinces and cities in the Three Gorges region of China, which are located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely Hubei Province, Hunan Province, and Chongqing Municipality. According to the results, the ecological product value of Yangtze River's Three Gorges regions was USD 32,499,414,905.7 (2,339.417 billion yuan) in 2018. Clean water made up USD 129,845,354,411 (934.657 billion yuan) of this amount, while agricultural products contributed 140.476 billion. With a value of USD16,154,661,055 (11628.50 billion yuan), Hubei province had the greatest ecological product value. In light of these results, this study advocates for strategies to ensure the diversified and balanced development of ecological products. It recommends the establishment of a market platform dedicated to ecological products, as well as the formulation of rules and protocols governing ecological product transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sustainable development has become a trending consensus, urban ecological resilience is now a significant metric for assessing the extent of urban ecological advancement. In view of the critical roles for promoting coordinated regional development, this research evaluates the ecological resilience of 28 cities in city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2009 to 2020 using the entropy weight method and analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of ecological resilience. This study uses the Moran index and the spatial Durbin model to explore the spatial correlation of ecological resilience as well as the influencing factors and presents the following conclusions. First, ecological resilience appears to be on an upward trend in time, spatially characterized by a transition from higher resilience in the east region to lower resilience in the west region. Second, spatial autocorrelation in ecological resilience exhibits a positive relationship. Most cities in Jiangxi Province are high-high agglomerative cities, while most cities in Hunan and Hubei Provinces are low-low homogeneous cities and high-low polarized cities, respectively. Third, given that population density, economic development, and financial development negatively affect ecological resilience, government green investment has a positive effect and positive spatial spillovers. Based on the findings, this paper offers targeted policy recommendations on how cities can improve urban ecological resilience. [Display omitted] • Enriching existing research by focusing on city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. • Constructing an ecological resilience evaluation system based on the theory of resistance-adaptation-recovery. • Detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of ecological resilience in city clusters. • Spatial factors are introduced to analyze the spatial correlation and influencing factors of ecological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]