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Purpose: This study explores the feasibility, acceptability, and treatment outcomes of Empower@Home, a digital cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for geriatric depression. Method: Participants with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) underwent a nine-session remote intervention supported by a lay coach (N = 103). Results: Most participants (91%) completed all nine sessions (mean = 8.5). According to the Treatment Evaluation Inventory, participant attitudes toward the program were largely positive. A medium effect in depression reduction was observed following the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.75) and at a 10-week follow-up (Cohen's d = 0.60). This reduction was large (Cohen's d = 1.31 at posttest and Cohen's d = 1.18 at 10-week follow-up) among those who presented with moderate depression at baseline (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Significant improvements were also reported in anxiety, social isolation, loneliness, and behavioral activation. Discussion: Empower@Home is a promising, acceptable digital mental health intervention for treating depression in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes complications are prevalent in people with diabetes, causing considerable individual suffering and increased health costs. However, the relationships of multidimensional, modifiable, and nonmodifiable factors to diabetes complications and the role of diabetes distress have been rarely examined. Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the associations of age, sex, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-compassion, resilience, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, social support, and body mass index with diabetes complications and to investigate the mediating role of diabetes distress. Methods: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data on all study variables were collected from 148 people with diabetes through REDCap in 2023. Multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to address the aims. Results: Older age and higher levels of diabetes distress were associated with more diabetes complications. Depressive symptoms were associated with diabetes distress; and diabetes distress, but not depressive symptoms, was associated with diabetes complications, controlling for all other variables. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were directly or indirectly associated with diabetes complications, and diabetes distress was a mediator in the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes complications. Health care providers can target reduction of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress to reduce diabetes complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origins of the variable - s -marking patterns of present-tense verbs in earlier African American English (AAE) have been widely argued, with one of the most common arguments stating that the pattern is indicative of the Northern Subjects Rule (NSR), a variable - s -marking rule common in the northern British Isles. I explored verbal - s in the Federal Writers' Project ex-slave narratives to understand what patterns of - s -marking existed in earlier AAE and how these patterns differed across regions. Statistical analysis suggested no NSR influence in AAE as a whole or within any of the regions, but - s -marking still significantly differed between and within regions. I discuss other possible causes of this variation, including influence from other concord patterns, aspectual marking, and phonotactics, but highlight the difficulty of proposing concrete hypotheses due to change over time and a dearth of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The implementation of emerging technologies has resulted in an increase of data breaches in healthcare organisations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health information and cybersecurity managers need to understand if, and to what extent, breach types and locations are associated with their organisation's business type. Objective: To investigate if breach type and breach location are associated with business type, and if so, investigate how these factors affect information systems and protected health information in for-profit versus non-profit organisations. Method: The quantitative study was performed using chi-square tests for association and post-hoc comparison of column proportions analysis on an archival data set of reported healthcare data breaches from 2020 to 2022. Data from the Department of Health and Human Services website was retrieved and each organisation classified as for-profit or non-profit. Results: For-profit organisations experienced a significantly higher number of breaches due to theft, and non-profit organisations experienced a significantly higher number of breaches due to unauthorised access. Furthermore, the number of breaches that occurred on laptops and paper/films was significantly higher in for-profit organisations. Conclusion: While the threat level of hacking techniques is the same in for-profit and non-profit organisations, certain breach types are more likely to occur within specific breach locations based on the organisation's business type. To protect the privacy and security of medical information, health information and cybersecurity managers need to align with industry-leading frameworks and controls to prevent specific breach types that occur in specific locations within their environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence from animal and human studies suggests glutamatergic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate glutamate abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) of individuals with PTSD using 7T MRS, which has better spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than lower field strengths, thus allowing for better spectral quality and higher sensitivity. We hypothesized that individuals with PTSD would have lower glutamate levels compared to trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD and individuals without trauma exposure. Additionally, we explored potential alterations in other neurometabolites and the relationship between glutamate and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: Individuals with PTSD (n = 27), trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (n = 27), and individuals without trauma exposure (n = 26) underwent 7T MRS to measure glutamate and other neurometabolites in the left DLPFC. The severities of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociation symptoms were assessed. Results: We found that glutamate was lower in the PTSD and trauma-exposed groups compared to the group without trauma exposure. Furthermore, N -acetylaspartate (NAA) was lower and lactate was higher in the PTSD group compared to the group without trauma exposure. Glutamate was negatively correlated with depression symptom severity in the PTSD group. Glutamate was not correlated with PTSD symptom severity. Conclusion: In this first 7T MRS study of PTSD, we observed altered concentrations of glutamate, NAA, and lactate. Our findings provide evidence for multiple possible pathological processes in individuals with PTSD. High-field MRS offers insight into the neurometabolic alterations associated with PTSD and is a powerful tool to probe trauma- and stress-related neurotransmission and metabolism in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the linguistic content of the Spanish HINT and the Spanish AzBio sentence tests. The results revealed that the Spanish AzBio is linguistically more complex as compared with the Spanish HINT in terms of sentence length, complexity, and grammatical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Joint range of motion based on the neutral null method, muscle strength based on manual muscle testing, and selective voluntary motor control based on selective control assessment of the lower extremity are standard parameters of a pediatric three-dimensional clinical gait analysis. Lower-limb reference data of children are necessary to identify and quantify abnormalities, but these are limited and when present restricted to specific joints or muscles. Methods: This is the first study that encompasses the aforementioned parameters from a single group of 34 typically developing children aged 5–17 years. Left and right values were averaged for each participant, and then the mean and standard deviation calculated for the entire sample. The data set was tested for statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: Joint angle reference values are mostly consistent with previously published standards, although there is a large variability in the existing literature. All muscle strength distributions, except for M. quadriceps femoris, differ significantly from the maximum value of 5. The mean number of repetitions of heel-rise test is 12 ± 5. Selective voluntary motor control shows that all distributions, except for M. quadriceps femoris, differ significantly from the maximum value of 2. Conclusion: Since typically developing children do not match expectations and reference values from the available literature and clinical use, this study emphasizes the importance of normative data. Excessively high expectations lead to typically developing children being falsely underestimated and affected children being rated too low. This is of great relevance for therapists and clinicians. Level of evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate about the characteristics and advantages of quantitative and qualitative methods is decades old. In their seminal monograph, A Tale of Two Cultures (2012, ATTC), Gary Goertz and James Mahoney argue that methods and research design practices for causal inference can be distinguished as two cultures that systematically differ from each other along 25 specific characteristics. ATTC's stated goal is a description of empirical patterns in quantitative and qualitative research. Yet, it does not include a systematic empirical evaluation as to whether the 25 are relevant and valid descriptors of applied research. In this paper, we derive five observable implications from ATTC and test the implications against a stratified random sample of 90 qualitative and 90 quantitative articles published in six journals between 1990–2012. Our analysis provides little support for the two-cultures hypothesis. Quantitative methods are largely implemented as described in ATTC, whereas qualitative methods are much more diverse than ATTC suggests. While some practices do indeed conform to the qualitative culture, many others are implemented in a manner that ATTC characterizes as constitutive of the quantitative culture. We find very little evidence for ATTC's anchoring of qualitative research with set-theoretic approaches to empirical social science research. The set-theoretic template only applies to a fraction of the qualitative research that we reviewed, with the majority of qualitative work incorporating different method choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In management research, fixed alpha levels in statistical testing are ubiquitous. However, in highly powered studies, they can lead to Lindley's paradox, a situation where the null hypothesis is rejected despite evidence in the test actually supporting it. We propose a sample-size-dependent alpha level that combines the benefits of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics, enabling strict hypothesis testing with known error rates while also quantifying the evidence for a hypothesis. We offer actionable guidelines of how to implement the sample-size-dependent alpha in practice and provide an R-package and web app to implement our method for regression models. By using this approach, researchers can avoid mindless defaults and instead justify alpha as a function of sample size, thus improving the reliability of statistical analysis in management research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite focus on surgical preservation of the chondrolabral junction (CLJ), the transition zone between the acetabular cartilage and labrum, the association between severity of CLJ breakdown and functional outcomes after hip arthroscopy remains unexplored. Purpose: To assess the influence of CLJ breakdown on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at a 24-month follow-up after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic labral tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted to identify patients ≥18 years of age with a minimum 24-month follow-up who underwent hip arthroscopy by a single surgeon for the treatment of symptomatic labral tears secondary to femoroacetabular impingement. The Beck classification of transition zone cartilage was used to grade CLJ damage; patients with grades 0 to 2 were stratified into the mild CLJ damage cohort, and those with grades 3 and 4 were stratified into the severe CLJ damage cohort. PROMs were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 months, and annually thereafter postoperatively. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare PROMs. Rates of achieving clinically meaningful thresholds and subsequent surgery rates were also compared. Results: In total, 198 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean follow-up of 3.54 ± 1.26 years. A total of 95 patients with severe CLJ damage (mean age, 34.9 ± 10.5 years) were compared with 103 patients with mild CLJ damage (mean age, 38.2 ± 11.9 years). Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog score for pain were inferior in the severe CLJ group at enrollment and all follow-up time points (P ≤.05). However, patients with severe CLJ breakdown exhibited greater improvements in HOS-ADL and NAHS at the 24-month follow-up and achieved clinically meaningful thresholds at equivalent rates to patients with mild CLJ breakdown. Subsequent surgery rates were 6.8% and 12.6% in patients with mild versus severe CLJ damage, respectively (P =.250). Conclusion: Severe CLJ breakdown is associated with increased pain and decreased functional level preoperatively and up to 24 months after hip arthroscopy. Despite this, patients with severe CLJ breakdown experienced greater improvements in functional outcomes at a 24-month follow-up and achieved clinical thresholds at similar rates to patients with mild CLJ damage. Thus, while worse baseline pain and functional levels may indicate severe CLJ breakdown, these patients still benefit substantially from hip arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timing of trauma exposure is a risk factor for the development of psychopathology in adulthood. We aim to assess the presence of adverse life events (ALEs) before age 13 in patients with eating disorders (ED). Specifically, we examined the relationship between exposure to interpersonal trauma before the age of 13 and body image distortion (BID), impulsivity, and perfectionism. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 79 outpatients with ED were consecutively enrolled. Assessment was performed using the Traumatic Life Event Questionnaire, Contour Drawing Rating Scale, and Eating Disorder Inventory. Linear regression models were used to analyze the predictive role of interpersonal trauma before age 13 on BID perfectionism and impulsivity. Seventy-two patients (91.1%) reported ALEs throughout their lives. Patients with trauma before age 13 (55.6%) overestimated their shape. Patients with ED and bulimic symptoms had significantly higher BID levels. Interpersonal trauma predicted higher levels of impulsivity and perfectionism. Experiencing interpersonal ALEs before age 13 may be a risk factor for the development of BID, impulsivity, and perfectionism in adulthood. Body image can be modified during childhood through interventions focused on identifying stressful relationships. Plain language summary: Childhood is important for the construction of self-image. When people feel threatened in relationships they trust, they feel ashamed and guilty. These emotions could lead to ED and BID. To explore this, we conducted a study on how ALEs during childhood influence the way we perceive our bodies. We asked participants with ED to close their eyes and sense their bodies. We then invited them to choose a shape from a list of nine figures with different shapes. Participants who experienced childhood trauma chose a shape that was distorted with respect to their actual figure. We believe that closing the eyes connects people to their inner emotions and influences their body appreciation. This will help patients identify and treat negative emotions so that they feel more comfortable with their bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considered whether experiencing cybervictimization is associated with increased recognition of cybervictimization intervention opportunities (i.e., witnessing others' cybervictimization), as well as greater engagement in self-protective (e.g., changing usernames and privacy settings) and other-protective cybervictimization bystander response behaviors. We collected cross-sectional self-report data from an age-diverse (M = 46.29 years, SD = 19.14, range = 15–93) national sample (n = 3002). We hypothesized that: (1) personal experiences with cybervictimization would be associated with increased reports of witnessing opportunities to intervene when others are cybervictimized, greater self-reported use of active bystander behaviors in witnessed situations, and greater use of self-protective strategies; (2) We also expected that engagement in self-protective behaviors would be positively associated with engagement in other-protective bystander behaviors in response to witnessed cybervictimization. To test our hypotheses, we estimated a structural equation model wherein four latent variables were constructed: cybervictimization experienced, witnessed opportunities to intervene, engagement in self-protective behaviors, and engagement in other-protective cybervictimization bystander behaviors. As hypothesized, cybervictimization was associated with witnessing more opportunities to intervene in other's cybervictimization, greater self-reported use of active cyber bystander behaviors, and greater engagement in self-protective strategies. However, the strength of two associations was moderated by age, with stronger relationships between cybervictimization and witnessing opportunities to intervene as well as engaging in bystander behavior for older as compared to younger participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no significant associations between use of self and other protective behaviors. Furthermore, greater witnessing of cybervictimization was associated with less engagement in bystander behavior in the final model. The implications for existing bystander intervention programs are described. Longitudinal studies of these associations in multiple age groups and among different cultural groups remain necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Frequent mental distress (FMD) is poor mental health for ≥14 days in the past month. Prevalence and risk for depression and suicide are higher among US veterans (USV) than US civilians (USC). Limited research has been done among USV regarding FMD. Anyone can experience mental distress without being clinically depressed—examining FMD more broadly captures health burden of poor mental state. This study's purpose was to examine the association between having a history of heart attack (HHHA) and FMD among USV vs USC. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 274 352) data. Weighted and adjusted logistic regression models were conducted overall and by USV/USC status. Results: HHHA increases weighted adjusted odds (WAO) of FMD. Among insured not obese USV with HHHA, the WAO of FMD were 1.4x significantly greater (P <.05) than among insured not obese USV without HHHA. Among uninsured obese USC with HHHA, the WAO of FMD were 3.2x significantly greater (P <.0001) than among uninsured obese USC without HHHA, and significantly lower among USV. Conclusions: Study findings suggest a distinction in FMD among USV/USC with HHHA. Understanding this association can inform policy for FMD screening post-heart attack as another potential intervention to prevent/reduce suicide among USV/USC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body mass index (BMI) is routinely used to ascertain health status, including activities of daily living (ADLs); however, the associations of ADLs with height and weight in older adults have not been elucidated. Therefore, we cross-sectionally investigated the correlations between ADLs and height, weight, and BMI in 155 participants aged 82 to 103 years and characterized the naïve Bayesian prediction for ADLs. Activities of daily living showed a significant negative correlation with height and weight and a positive correlation with age. In males, a shorter height was associated with an increased risk of falling and disability in phone calling independently, and losing weight was associated with an increased risk of disability in going out. Combining age, weight, and height improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction of disability in going out and phone calling independently in males. Therefore, height and weight, not BMI, are potential predictors of ADL decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant morbidity and mortality from COVID-19-related illnesses have been observed among people of color within the United States. While theories involving healthcare inequity and political division have emerged to explain this observation, the role of chronic stress and inflammation is also being explored. Toxic stress is experienced disproportionately by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status and increases frailty and vulnerability to diseases such as COVID-19. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker associated with the inflammatory response that is typically elevated due to exposure to acute or chronic traumatic stress, as well as COVID-19. This study explored the relationship between CRP and Hispanic/non-Hispanic ethnicity among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 via a secondary analysis of retrospective electronic health record (EHR) data collected from a community healthcare system in Southern California. A total of 1,744 cases representing hospitalized adults with COVID-19 were reviewed. Data were extracted from the EHR to reflect demographics, medical diagnoses, medications, CRP, and comorbidity burden. Frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency were assessed to understand the distribution of data. Associations were conducted using Pearson's r and the chi-square test of independence. Differences between groups were examined via independent samples t -tests. The sample was 52% Hispanic, 56% male, and the mean age was 62 years (SD = 16.1). The mean age of Hispanic cases was younger than non-Hispanic cases (p <.001, η = 0.289). Serum CRP was significantly higher in the Hispanic cases, with a high degree of association (p <.001, η = 0.472). In addition, higher CRP levels were significantly associated with the need for mechanical ventilation (p <.001, φc = 0.216). No significant relationships were found between CRP and age, body mass index (BMI), or comorbidity burden. Findings challenge the assumption that the disproportionate morbidity and mortality suffered by the Hispanic population due to COVID-19 was due to age, BMI, or comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome or heart disease. CRP in the Hispanic population should be further investigated to understand its relationship to chronic stress, frailty, and risk for COVID-19 in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Compare the long-term effects of two different individualised physical activity interventions in hip or knee osteoarthritis patients. Design: Randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled trial. Setting: Primary care. Subjects: Patients with clinically verified hip or knee osteoarthritis, <150 min/week with moderate or vigorous physical activity, aged 40–74. Intervention: The advice group (n = 69) received a 1-h information and goalsetting session for individualised physical activity. The prescription group (n = 72) received information, goalsetting, individualised written prescription, self-monitoring, and four follow-ups. Main measures: Physical activity, physical function, pain and quality of life at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: There were only minor differences in outcomes between the two groups. For self-reported physical activity, the advice group had improved from a mean of 102 (95% CI 74–130) minutes/week at baseline to 214 (95% CI 183–245) minutes/week at 24 months, while the prescription group had improved from 130 (95% CI 103–157) to 176 (95% CI 145–207) minutes/week (p = 0.01 between groups). Number of steps/day decreased by −514 (95% CI −567–462) steps from baseline to 24 months in the advice group, and the decrease in the prescription group was −852 (95% CI −900–804) steps (p = 0.415 between groups). Pain (HOOS/KOOS) in the advice group had improved by 7.9 points (95% CI 7.5–8.2) and in the prescription group by 14.7 points (95% CI 14.3–15.1) from baseline to 24 months (p = 0.024 between groups). Conclusions: There is no evidence that individualised physical activity on prescription differs from individualised advice in improving long-term effects in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patella fracture fixations were traditionally done using metal tension band wiring techniques. However, complications associated with metallic implants causing soft tissue irritation are not infrequent. Since 1998, there have been emerging case reports and series reporting the use of non-metallic implants, such as braided sutures, in the fixation of patella fractures 3. However, there is a limited clinical study on a direct comparison between metal and suture fixation in patella fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of all-suture fixation in patella fractures and to compare all-suture and metal fixation in mid-pole fractures. Materials and method: A total number of 50 patients with operated fracture patella were retrospectively reviewed in a 2.5-year period. Primary outcomes included operation time, time for fracture union and postoperative knee function. Secondary outcomes include complications, need for secondary operations due to prominent implants, infection or loss of fixation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference concerning time for fracture union, operation time and postoperative functional knee score between the three fixation methods. The rate of secondary operations was higher in the hybrid group (7 out of 11, 63.6%) and metal group (7 out of 13, 53.8%), and was lowest in an all-suture group (0 out of 28, 0%). Metal implant breakage and soft tissue irritation were the main reasons for secondary operations, which was significantly lower in the all-suture group (p < 0.0003). Subgroup analysis for mid-pole patella fractures showed similar results in which all primary outcomes showed no statistically significant difference, while the need for secondary operations was higher in the metal group (p < 0.003). Conclusion: All-suture fixation for patella fractures is a feasible option not limited to distal pole fractures. In our series, this technique achieved similar outcomes when compared with traditional metal implants, with lower rates of secondary operations, and could be safely employed in mid-pole fractures as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to explore the impact of interpreter format (virtual vs in person) on clinical outcomes in patients with non-English language preference (NELP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a primary care setting. We hypothesized that NELP patients utilizing in person interpreters would have improved HbA1c values, better follow-up rate, and more complex care plans compared to patients utilizing virtual interpreters. Methods: We completed a retrospective chart review of 137 NELP patients with T2DM who required a medical interpreter (February to June 2021). We calculated univariate and bivariate statistics to characterize the sample and assess the extent to which measures of continuity (follow-up visit rate and time to follow-up visit), quality (change in HbA1c), and complexity (medication intervention complexity) were associated with interpreter type. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in follow-up rate or average days to follow-up visit for NELP patients with in person as opposed to virtual interpreters. Patients with virtual interpreters demonstrated a non-statistically significant decrease in HbA1c compared to those with in person interpreters. Finally, there was no statistically significant association between interpreter format and intervention complexity. Conclusions: Quality medical interpretation contributes to optimal health outcomes in NELP patients with diabetes. Our study suggests that both in person and virtual interpreters can be effective in providing care for NELP patients, especially for chronic disease management in the context of a primary care relationship. It also highlights the importance of pursuing additional qualitative and mixed method studies to better understand the benefits of various interpreter formats across different visit types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iron chelation, blood transfusions, and complication management are typical hospital requirements for children with beta-thalassemia major. This affects their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the Supportive and Coping strategies, Ongoing Assessment, Prevention of Complications, and Empowerment (SCOPE) Program impacted the HRQoL and overall health of children with thalassemia. Method: The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group with a sequential follow-up design. A nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to include 80 children with beta-thalassemia major in the sample, ranging in age from 6 to 18. Data were gathered using a Demographic Profile, PedsQLTM Version 4.0, and a Clinical Profile. The children in the intervention group received the SCOPE Program over the course of 6 months. The data collection included a pretest and a posttest with four follow-up evaluations. Results: During the pretest, children with thalassemia had a very low HRQoL. However, the final assessment after the intervention showed a significant difference in the mean scores between the two groups in the areas of physical functioning (p =.001), emotional functioning (p =.0001), social functioning (p =.001), and school functioning (p =.001). Growth indicators also demonstrated a notable improvement in the intervention group of children. Discussion: The SCOPE Program may be a thorough and efficient intervention for enhancing the general health of children with thalassemia. It can be used as a cooperative, well-organized, family-focused care strategy. Further study with a larger sample size is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a more stressful and uncertain work environments, disrupting personal and organizational lives, and particularly the impact of this crises on health care professionals (i.e., doctors and nurses) is unprecedented. COVID-19 has increased the workload and job risks for frontline health care professionals, causing them significant emotional stress. In such testing times, individual's personal effectiveness ensued by the utilization of one's personal energy may be helpful in not only ensuring wellbeing but also providing other desired results, for example, enhanced performance. Based on this notion, we conducted a study (amidst the third wave in mid-2021) using a multiwave design to investigate the role of professional self-efficacy of health care professionals in well-being and behavioral outcomes during crises of COVID-19. The hypothesized relationships were tested by collecting data from 361 frontline healthcare professionals dealing with COVID-19 patients in hospitals in Northern part of Pakistan. The study results verified our assumed relationships and revealed that health care workers' professional self-efficacy was positively related to their well-being, in terms of workplace thriving, and it also showed positive association with work role performance. In addition, the results of the study also revealed that perceived strengths use mediated the relationship between professional self-efficacy and outcomes. This study discusses implications, limitations, and future directions in detail, including how the findings can be used to inform interventions and support healthcare professionals dealing with the emotional and professional stresses brought on by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of task-induced involvement and time on task on incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. Utilizing a 3 (task-induced involvement) 3 2 (time on task) 3 2 (post-test time) research design, three taskinduced involvement conditions were employed based on the Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH): reading and gap-fill task, reading and sentence-making task, and reading and translation task, with corresponding involvement load (IL) indices of 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Two time-on-task conditions were implemented: uncontrolled time on task, where participants in different groups completed tasks with varied durations, and controlled time on task, where participants in different groups completed tasks with roughly equal durations. Five intact classes comprising 256 Chinese middle school students participated and were randomly assigned to one of five designed tasks aimed at learning 10 carefully selected target words. The results of a three-way repeated measures ANOVA indicate a significant three-way interaction effect among task-induced involvement, time on task, and post-test time, as well as a significant two-way interaction effect between task-induced involvement and time on task. These findings demonstrate that task-induced involvement and time on task interact to significantly influence both initial acquisition and retention of incidental L2 vocabulary. Specifically, under uncontrolled time conditions, tasks with higher ILs and longer durations yield better initial vocabulary gains and retention, partially supporting the ILH. Conversely, under controlled time conditions, tasks with lower ILs exhibit superior initial vocabulary gains and retention, contradicting the predictions of the ILH. Relevant implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several instruments measure teacher responsibility, but none is available in Hungarian. Thus, this study aimed to adapt a Hungarian version of the Teacher Responsibility Scale (TRS) developed by Lauermann and Karabenick and validate it. The sample was pre-service teachers (N= 296). The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized structure of the Hungarian version of the TRS. The four factors (responsibility for student motivation, student achievement, relationships with students, and teaching) had satisfactory internal consistencies (Cronbach's alphas = .75-.83), and the test-retest reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficients = .64-.75). Correlation patterns of the TRS with the Teacher Efficacy Scale and the Approaches to Instruction scale confirmed the convergent and divergent validity. Based on these results, the Hungarian version of the TRS is a valid, reliable instrument suitable for use in further research in Hungarian pre-service teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes and empirically tests a more elaborate model for feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) by including new potential predictors (perceived overqualification, hostile attributional style, and overwork climate) involved with a range of entitlement forms. As well, it aims to identify the extent to which FSB varies within its boundary conditions (i.e., regulatory foci, mutual recognition respect, and motivational climate). A series of hierarchical, moderated regression analyses were used to explore the hypotheses. Data were collected from a stratified sample of 444 employees working largely in manufacturing and IT service industries in eastern China. A hostile attributional style and an overwork climate negatively impact FSB. Although perceived overqualification does not have a direct effect, its interaction with a prevention focus (rather than a promotion focus) easily induces FSB. From the use of the influential predictors and moderators, a thorough understanding of their effects on FSB not only neutralizes the concern over reducing employees' FSB, but also assists in providing possibilities to create a feedback-rich culture. We provide some insights on how an inflated sense of entitlement can be extended to understand the evolving nature of FSB through another feedback-seeking motive behind the instrumental one. As a different attempt, it adds further value in ongoing feedback research by showing the conditional impacts on such behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adequate foot clearance height while stepping over an obstacle is important for safety in daily life. In the present study, we examined whether visual illusions affect foot clearance during a stepping-over action, and whether this is further influenced by gaze behavior. Twelve participants stepped over an obstacle placed four meters away under conditions of three different obstacle characteristics: white, horizontal, or vertical lines. We measured the participants' foot clearances during the step-over action and their gaze behavior during the approaching phase. Participants stepped significantly higher over the obstacles in the vertical lines (illusion) condition. The duration of gaze fixation on the obstacle positively correlated with increased foot clearance in the vertical condition, suggesting that the effect of the visual illusion on foot clearance was enhanced by prolonged gaze fixation. Conversely, prolonged fixation negatively correlated with foot clearance in the white (control) condition, implying that a cautious perception of an obstacle may contribute to efficient stepping-over action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of facemask as precaution from COVID-19 cross-transmission have been strongly advocated by healthcare agencies as a public health management strategy to mitigate the pandemic burden on the healthcare system. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) according to facemask practice during COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t -test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariable linear regression was used to identify factor contributing to knowledge while Binomial analysis was used to investigate factors contributing to practice. Among 268 participants included in the study, those with medical-grade facemask had better knowledge score (88.8%) compared to non-medical facemask (86.3%) and those without facemask (78.6%). Majority of participants had positive attitudes on controlling COVID-19 pandemic (88.8%), the ability in overcoming the pandemic (99.2%) and use of facemask in a public place (98.9%). Participants using medical-grade facemask (Adjusted Odds Ratio; AOR 5.9, 95% CI 1.9–18.0; p =.002) have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. However, participants using medical-grade facemask were 9.2 times (AOR 9.2, 95% CI: 3.5–24.5, p <.001) more likely to reuse of facemask without washing. The results highlight adequate KAP among respondents. However hygienic use of facemask need to be disseminated among general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares the editorial coverage of the 2015 migration crisis in major centre-left and centre-right newspapers in three European countries affected (the UK, Germany and Greece). We test the empirical validity of the 'national media-system' hypothesis, and in particular the hypothesised characteristics of the different media systems these countries represent through a systematic content analysis of all editorials referring to the issue of migration/asylum for the period 2015–2016. For the purposes of data collection, we develop an original coding scheme that combines concepts and categories from the extant literature on media systems, as well as the literature on migration-related news frames. Our findings largely confirm the relevance of media-system characteristics in the coverage of the crisis, although UK editorials are markedly more polarised than expected. We also find that there was no consensus-based editorial coverage in the initial phase of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Static anterior tibial translation (SATT) is radiographically measured to show the amount of tibial translation during the single-leg stance, and thus it is representative of the physiological axial load subjected to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during the stance. Increased SATT has been associated with increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) and is also associated with increased graft failure. Purpose: To compare the SATT value in a control population with that in a population with an isolated ACL injury, as well as to compare the effect of tibial slope on SATT between the 2 groups. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A consecutive series of patients without ligamentous or meniscal injuries between 2019 and 2022 was reviewed. A matched consecutive cohort of patients with nonacute ACL injuries (surgery between 6 and 12 weeks after injury) without concomitant pathology was reviewed. Preoperative SATT and PTS were measured with a previously validated technique on lateral weightbearing knee radiographs. The SATT value was determined, and regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between SATT and PTS. Results: In total, 101 controls and 115 patients with an ACL injury were included in this study. The mean SATT was 1.31 mm (SD, 2.44 mm) and the mean PTS was 10.61° (SD, 3.28°) in the control cohort. The SATT was larger (mean, 2.27 mm; SD, 3.36 mm) in the ACL-injured cohort despite the tibial slope measurement being less in the ACL-injured cohort (mean, 9.46°; SD, 2.85°; P =.016). Linear regression analysis showed that for every 1° of increase in PTS, there was a 0.34-mm increase in SATT in the control cohort; however, there was a greater increase of 0.5 mm for every 1° of increase in PTS in the ACL-injured cohort. We found no significant differences in SATT when the cohorts were compared by age (P =.26) or sex (P =.10). Conclusion: The present study reports a reference SATT value of 1.31 mm (SD, 2.44 mm) in a non–ACL-injured cohort, which was lower than in the ACL-injured cohort (mean, 2.27 mm; SD, 3.36 mm). The effect of slope on weightbearing anterior tibial translation was greater in the ACL-injured population than in the control cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : To measure the research productivity of trainees from the University of Toronto's Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program (MI-CIP) and comparing it with the research productivity of trainees from MI-non-CIP and General Surgery (GSx) Clinician Investigator Program. Methods : We identified residents who completed an MI-CIP, MI-non-CIP and GSx-CIP from 2006-2016. In each group of trainees, we assessed 3 research productivity outcomes with non-parametric tests before residency and at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Research productivity outcomes include the number of total publications, the number of first-author publications, and the publication's average journal impact factor (IF). Results : We identified 11 MI-CIP trainees (male/female: 9 [82%]/2 [18%]), 74 MI-non-CIP trainees (46 [62%]/28 [38%]) and 41 GSx-CIP trainees (23 [56%]/18 [44%]). MI-CIP trainees had statistically significant higher research productivity than MI-non-CIP in all measured outcomes. The median (interquartile range, IQR) number of total publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 5.0 (8.0) vs 1.0 (2.0) before residency and 6.0 (10.0) vs.0 (2.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) first-author publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 2.0 (3.0) vs.0 (1.0) before residency and 2.0 (4.0) vs (.0) (1.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) average journal IF of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 3.2 (2.0) vs.3 (2.4) before residency and 3.9 (3.2) vs.0 (2.6) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Between MI-CIP and GSx-CIP trainees, there were no significant differences in research productivity in all measured outcomes. Conclusion : MI-CIP trainees actively conducted research after graduation. These trainees demonstrated early research engagement before residency. The similar research productivity of MI-CIP vs GSx-CIP trainees shows initial success of MI-CIP trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient-physician communication has the potential to improve outcomes and satisfaction through the shared decision-making process (SDM). This study aims to assess the relationship between perception of SDM and demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing Hallux Valgus (HV) correction. A prospective analysis of 306 patients scheduled for HV surgery was completed. The CollaboRATE score was used to measure SDM. Multivariable linear regression model was used to assess whether SDM scores were associated with preoperative characteristics or postoperative outcome scores. The mean CollaboRATE score was 2.9 (SD 0.9) and did not differ by age, socioeconomic status, or sex. Lower CollaboRATE scores were associated with more symptoms of depression, lower socioeconomic status, and lower general health scores (p-value < 0.05). There was no association between SDM scores and postoperative outcome scores. In this study, patients with depressive symptoms and lower socioeconomic status had worse perceptions of SDM. There was no difference in postoperative outcomes among participants based on SDM scores. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective observational study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]