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Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, with millions of people consuming it every day. The effect of coffee on teeth discoloration has long been a concern for both coffee drinkers and dental professionals. To address this concern, this study aimed to investigate the role of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and the type of coffee in coffee-induced teeth discoloration. High-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector was used to determine the CGA contents of instant coffee produced by five manufacturers (Starbucks, Dunkin' Donuts, Kanu, Ediya, Coffee Bean). A total of 180 bovine tooth specimens were immersed in the coffee samples for varying durations (3, 9, 24, 48, and 72 h), and the discoloration levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. A linear mixed-effects model analysis was used to determine the significance of L*, a*, and b* values in relation to the duration of coffee immersion and coffee type. Both immersion time and coffee type had significant effects on tooth discoloration (p < 0.001), with some types of coffee being more strongly associated with tooth discoloration than others. The amount of CGAs present in coffee was found to be positively correlated with the degree of discoloration (p = 0.030). Prolonged exposure to coffee can exacerbate teeth staining, and different types of coffee can cause varying degrees of discoloration. Furthermore, coffee with higher levels of CGAs may lead to greater tooth discoloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indication-specific optimum field-of-views (FOVs) have been assessed for CBCT scans of impacted maxillary canines and mandibular third molars, as 40∅ × 35 mm and 35∅ × 35 mm, respectively. The objective was to investigate possible changes in absorbed organs and effective doses, for these two imaging indications, performing CBCT examinations with optimum FOV sizes instead of commonly used FOVs. Additionally, radiation exposure-induced cancer risk was calculated for both imaging indications with optimum FOVs. An adult female head phantom (ATOM 702-D, CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA) was scanned using Planmeca Viso G7 CBCT-device (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). Scanning factors, different FOV sizes, dose-area product (DAP) values and anatomical FOV locations were used for Monte Carlo PCXMC-simulation and ImpactMC software. In the PCXMC- simulation, 10-year-old child and 30-year-old adult phantoms were used to estimating effective and absorbed organ doses. The effective dose varied from 58 µSv to 284 µSv for impacted maxillary canines, and from 38 µSv to 122 µSv for mandibular third molars, the lowest dose value for each corresponding to optimum FOV. Effective dose reduction between the optimum FOV and the smallest common FOV of 50∅ × 50 mm, maintaining other scanning factors constant, was 33% for impacted maxillary canines, and 45% for mandibular third molars. At all examinations, the highest absorbed organ doses were in salivary glands or in oral mucosa. Optimum FOVs, 40∅ × 35 mm for impacted maxillary canine and 35∅ × 35 mm for mandibular third molar, could decrease effective doses received by young patients, and improve radiation safety in these common CBCT imaging procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to examine what kinds of dental anxiety management techniques dentists use in the context of one-session treatment. The data consisted of videotaped treatment sessions for five dentally anxious adults. The treatment was conducted by two experienced dentists without formal training in the treatment of dentally anxious patients or behavioral management techniques. Theory-driven qualitative content analysis, based on the anxiety management classification of Milgrom et al. was used to identify and classify the techniques used during the treatments. Altogether, diverse categories of dental anxiety management techniques were identified under the main themes of enhancing trust and control and psychological management. Techniques that fell into enhancing trust and control included the categories of 'building a trustful relationship', 'informational control', and 'behavioral control'. These techniques were used consistently throughout the sessions. Additionally, psychological management techniques were identified and classified as 'behavioral strategies: relaxing the body' and 'cognitive strategies: relaxing the mind', which were regularly used in specific situations. The results indicate that a variety of dental anxiety management techniques were used during one-session treatments. The findings provide valuable insights for dentists in managing their patients with dental anxiety and improving their overall treatment experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the prevalence of mandibular ORN in a single Swedish Oncology Center. A total of 450 patients, treated with radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx between 2004 and 2014 were included. Three different techniques of radiotherapy were studied. ORN diagnosis was set when clinical signs according to Marx were observed, or if radiological signs were staged according to Schwartz and Kagan. Using the staging system, 90 patients (20%) were diagnosed with ORN. The mean age of the ORN patients was 56.6 years, the older the patient the lower the risk of developing ORN (p =.01). The risk of developing ORN for patients receiving Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy was lower compared to patients treated with the other techniques in the multivariable analysis. Brachytherapy significantly increases the risk of ORN. The risk of ORN increased by 8% each year after radiation (p =.04). The mean time to the ORN diagnosis was 3.9 years. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of ORN increased by 13% each year after radiation (p =.0013). The mean radiation dose was of greater importance for the risk of ORN than the maximum dose. Elderly people with oropharyngeal cancer were less prone to develop ORN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of proprioceptive training strategies with dual-task exercises on gait in people with chronic stroke., Study Design: Systematic review., Patients: Chronic stroke., Methods: Searches were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and PICOS criteria. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched from November 2020 to February 2022, for eligible clinical trials. Two independent reviewers thoroughly screened potential articles for relevance and assessed the methodology quality. In accordance with the GRADE, PICOS criteria, and Cochrane risk of bias tools, the authors included articles concerning the effectiveness of dual-task in proprioceptive training on gait parameters in people with chronic stroke., Results: Of 3075 identified studies, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria: 7 were randomized clinical trials, 1 was not randomized, and 3 were observational studies. The overall quality of evidence, assessed using the GRADE framework, was high, indicating a high level of confidence in the systematic review's findings. The papers involved 393 stroke patients; 241 underwent dual-task in proprioceptive training, with 152 participants in other stroke rehabilitation; within the dual-task group, 71 engaged in cognitive tasks, and 170 participated in motor tasks. dual-task in proprioceptive training improved gait speed, cadence, stride time, stride length, and step length. The best effects were observed with training 3 times a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes, on speed, cadence, stride length, and step length., Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that proprioceptive training strategies with dual-task exercises improved walking abilities in people with chronic stroke. Specifically, it enhanced gait speed, a key indicator of clinical severity.

Opening remarks: These guidelines are the result of discussions within a diverse group of RSA researchers. They were approved in December 2023 by the board and selected members of the International Radiostereometry Society to update the guidelines by Valstar et al. [1]. By adhering to these guidelines, RSA studies will become more transparent and consistent in execution, presentation, reporting, and interpretation. Both authors and reviewers of scientific papers using RSA may use these guidelines, summarized in the Checklist, as a reference. Deviations from these guidelines should have the underlying rationale stated.