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Heavy metal pollution has become increasingly prominent, and bioremediation of heavy metal polluted areas is urgently needed. Broussonetia papyrifera is a pioneer tree species for vegetation restoration in the tailings area, while its molecular mechanism of heavy metal adaptation is not clear. Here, we report that a R2R3 MYB from B. papyrifera (BpMYB1) is involved in Cd accumulation by controlling the down-stream genes and mineral accumulation. Overexpression of BpMYB1 in B. papyrifera resulted in a significant increase in Cd accumulation and multiple gene transcription. Among the up-regulated genes, BpMYB1 could bind to ferrochelatase (BpFC2), basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH93 (BpbHLH93), and basic leucine zipper transcription factor bZIPs (BpbZIP1 , BpbZIP-CPC1) by recognizing TATCCAOSAMY (TATCCA) motif and related promoter segments. Further investigations revealed that overexpression of BpbZIP1 promotes the absorption of Cd, BpMYB1 regulate Cd uptake in plant relating to Fe accumulation without Fe-deficiency pathway via recognizing the downstream BpbHLH93 and involving in PCs biosynthetic pathway via recognizing the target BpFC2. Moreover, the Cd response effect mediated by BpMYB1 was boosted by interacting with a DELLA protein BpGAI1, a vital member of GA signaling. These results provide new insights into the molecular feedback mechanisms underlying BpMYB1-BpGAI1 controlled Cd uptake in plants, which will benefit for phytoremediation of Cd polluted soil. [Display omitted] • BpMYB1 overexpression benefits for Cd enrichment and tolerance of B. papyrifera. • BpMYB1 could regulate the transcription of multiple genes in Cd stress response. • The Cd stress response of BpMYB1 involves in the gibberellin-dependant signaling. • BpMYB1 could recognize downstream genes of BpFC2 , BpbHLH93 , BpbZIP1 , BpbZIP-CPC1. • BpFC2 , BpbHLH93 , BpbZIP1 , BpbZIP-CPC1 overexpression improves plant Cd uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The addition of nickel ions to the co-precipitation can produce a new hydrotalcite adsorbent with a better structure (FeMnNi-LTH). • Lead and cadmium can be strongly adsorbed by FeMnNi-LTH during a broad pH range. • The adsorption of Pb and Cd by FeMnNi-LTH can theoretically reach 279.13 mg/g and 76.99 mg/g at 25 °C. • FeMnNi-LTH adsorbs heavy metal ions mainly through precipitation and surface complexation. This paper discusses the application of a layered triple hydroxide (FeMnNi-LTH) in removing Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The material was synthesized via co-precipitation, adhering to a molar ratio of 1:1:2 (Fe:Mn:Ni). It was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results indicate that the synthesized material is classified as a hydrotalcite and exhibits a well-defined layered structure. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by FeMnNi-LTH, taking into account various factors such as coexisting ions, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of this material for Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 253.89 mg/g and 56.90 mg/g at 25 °C, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits a consistent high adsorption capacity across a broad pH range (pH 3–5.5). When cations coexist, they compete for adsorption sites in the following order: Zn2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Cd2+/Pb2+. Based on the calculated thermodynamic parameters, it is inferred that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanism, as analyzed by modeling and characterization, involves isomorphic substitution, surface complexation, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and physical adsorption. The quantitative analysis of the adsorption mechanism revealed that FeMnNi-LTH primarily adsorbs Pb2+ and Cd2+ via precipitation and surface complexation. It was revealed by comparison with other adsorbents that the synthesized FeMnNi-LTH can be used for remediation of heavy metal pollution in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals can adversely affect the growth and metabolic processes of plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which colonize the roots of most plants, may change the uptake and resistance to heavy metals by altering plant metabolism. But few published papers focused on how AM fungi enhanced plant tolerance to heavy metals at the metabolomics level. Therefore, our study incorporated LC-MS technology to explore the molecular mechanism by which AM fungi improved cadmium (Cd) tolerance of Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) at the metabolomic scale. The results showed that AM fungi increased growth of Bahia grass, and enhanced its uptake and tolerance of Cd. Infection with AM fungi significantly raised the levels of both primary metabolites (amino acid, carbohydrate, organic acid, etc.) and secondary metabolites (such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids), which in turn improved the photosynthesis efficiency, osmoregulation, and antioxidation defense of the plant, thereby enhancing the Cd tolerance of Bahia grass. Furthermore, under high concentration of Cd, both TCA cycle and lipid metabolism were generally suppressed, and AM fungi inoculation alleviated the effects and normalized the TCA cycle and lipid metabolism. In all, the metabolic alterations identified here provided insights into the mechanisms by which AM fungi enhanced plant tolerance to heavy metals. [Display omitted] • AM fungi altered the metabolism of Bahia grass and increased the tolerance to Cd. • AM fungi enhanced the buildup of primary metabolites, including amino acids. • Increased secondary metabolites by AM fungi ameliorated the harm of Cd to plant. • AM fungi restored the TCA cycle of plants to normal functioning under Cd stress. • AM fungi promoted lipid metabolism, thereby mitigating potential damages by Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Garlic Se absorption and transportation were largely affected by Se speciation. • Organic Se was superior to inorganic Se in enriching Se and antagonizing Cd. • Bulb Se content treated with organic Se was about twice (or more) than inorganic Se. • Organic Se was significantly more effective in reducing Cd content than inorganic Se. • Se was mainly enriched in bulb, Cd was enriched in root under organic Se application. Currently, planting selenium-rich crops using inorganic selenium such as selenate and selenite is used to address human selenium deficiency problems. In this paper, besides the above two traditional inorganic selenium speciation, we chose a new organic selenium speciation of potassium selenocyanoacetate to investigate the different effects of selenium speciation on selenium absorption, selenium transformation and cadmium antagonism via foliar application. Planting experiments showed that the selenium content of garlic bulbs treated with organic selenium was 1.8–3.9 times higher than that of inorganic selenium. Additionally, the absorption and transformation efficiency of organic selenium in garlic was also the highest, reaching over 95 %. Importantly, it was noteworthy that the cadmium content in bulbs treated with organic selenium was significantly lower than the Chinese food safety standard (0.2 mg/kg). Hence, this study provides an efficient organic selenium speciation which is beneficial to meet human selenium requirements and ensure safe utilization of cadmium-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant in the environment, and the widespread use of products containing Cd compounds in industry has led to excessive levels in the environment, which enter the animal body through the food chain, thus seriously affecting the reproductive development of animals. Related studies have reported that Cd severely affects spermatogonia development and spermatogenesis in animals. In contrast, the reproductive toxicity of Cd in males and its mechanism of action have not been clarified. Therefore, this paper reviewed the toxic effects of Cd on germ cells, spermatogonia somatic cells and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) of male animals and its toxic action mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy from the perspectives of cytology, genetics and neuroendocrinology. The effects of Cd stress on epigenetic modification of reproductive development in male animals were also analyzed. We hope to provide a reference for the in-depth study of the toxicity of Cd on male animal reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut-brain axis is a crucial interface between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota. Recent evidence shows that exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, can cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain communication, impacting aspects of brain function and behavior. This systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate whether deleterious effects on brain function due to heavy metal exposure could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota profile. Animal studies involving exposure to heavy metals and a comparison with a control group that evaluated neuropsychological outcomes and/or molecular outcomes along with the analysis of microbiota composition were reviewed. The authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the protocol of Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) for preclinical studies. A search in 3 databases yielded 16 eligible studies focused on lead (n = 10), cadmium (n = 1), mercury (n = 3), manganese (n = 1), and combined exposure of lead and manganese (n = 1). The animal species were rats (n = 7), mice (n = 4), zebrafish (n = 3), carp (n = 1) and fruit fly (n = 1). Heavy metals were found to adversely affect cognitive function, behavior, and neuronal morphology. Moreover, heavy metal exposure was associated with changes in the abundance of specific bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria , which play crucial roles in gut health. In some studies, these alterations were correlated with learning and memory impairments and mood disorders. The interplay of heavy metals, gut microbiota, and brain suggests that heavy metals can induce direct brain alterations and indirect effects through the microbiota, contributing to neurotoxicity and the development of neuropsychological disorders. However, the small number of papers under review makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further research is warranted to unravel the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the translational implications for human health. [Display omitted] • This systematic review included 16 studies that exposed animals to Pb, Mn, Cd and Hg. • Heavy metal exposure affects gut microbiota, cognition, behavior & brain morphology. • Majors changes were in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, albeit with conflicting results. • Gut dysbiosis due to heavy metals were correlated with mood and cognitive disorders. • Further research is essential to uncover mechanisms and health implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A qualitative identification method of heavy metal cadmium concentration in peanut oil with microwave detection technology was presented. Initially, on the basis of national standards, the configured samples were classified into three categories: negative, which did not exceed the national standard; weak positive, which slightly exceeded the national standard; and strong positive, which far exceeded the national standard. Then, the obtained transmission index was subjected to data dimensionality reduction, using three feature dimensionality reduction methods, namely Principal component analysis (PCA) strategy, recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm, and RFE-PCA algorithm, respectively, and the dimensionality-reduced data were used as inputs to establish the random forest (RF) classification model, and the results showed that the three feature dimensionality reduction methods could achieve better prediction results. Among them, the RFE-PCA-RF model has the best prediction performance, at this time, the RFE algorithm retains 35 feature points and number of principal components (PCs) is 7. Next, the structure of RFE model is optimized, and the SVM-RFE-PCA-RF model is constructed by using support vector machines (SVM) as its weight allocator and the analysis of the results of its running 50 times reveals that the discriminative accuracy of the prediction set reaches 100% for 31 times, which meets the requirement of high-precision qualitative identification of three types of samples. Therefore, using microwave equipment for qualitative identification of cadmium content in peanut oil is feasible, and the SVM-RFE-PCA dimensionality reduction strategy proposed in this paper is also worth considering in the future. [Display omitted] • Detection of heavy metal cadmium transmission index in peanut oil by microwave detector. • A feature dimension reduction method based on SVM-RFE model is proposed. • Feature extraction algorithm is used to optimize the classification model. • This study used microwave detection to realize qualitatively analysis of cadmium in peanut oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Juveniles of sea bream Sparus aurata were exposed to cadmium chloride for up to 120 days. • The effects of the exposure were evaluated on the hepatopancreas architecture. • In a time-dependent manner, cadmium was absorbed and stored within the tissue. • Severe morphological and functional damages were detected. • Cadmium induced endocrine disrupting effect on parenchyma. In recent decades, cadmium has emerged as an environmental stressor in aquatic ecosystems due to its persistence and toxicity. It can enter water bodies from various natural and anthropogenic sources and, once introduced into aquatic systems, can accumulate in sediments and biota, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. For this reason, the effects of cadmium on aquatic life remain an area of ongoing research and concern. In this paper, a multidisciplinary approach was used to assess the effects of long-term exposure to an environmental concentration on the hepatopancreas of farmed juveniles of sea bream, Sparus aurata. After determining metal uptake, metallothionein production was assessed to gain insight into the organism's defence response. The effects were also assessed by histological and ultrastructural analyses. The results indicate that cadmium accumulates in the hepatopancreas at significant concentrations, inducing structural and functional damage. Despite the parallel increase in metallothioneins, fibrosis, alterations in carbohydrate distribution and endocrine disruption were also observed. These effects would decrease animal fitness although it did not translate into high mortality or reduced growth. This could depend on the fact that the animals were farmed, protected from the pressure deriving from having to search for food or escape from predators. Not to be underestimated is the return to humans, as this species is edible. Understanding the behaviour of cadmium in aquatic systems, its effects at different trophic levels and the potential risks to human health from the consumption of contaminated seafood would therefore be essential for informed environmental management and policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We study the effects of an episode of extensive news coverage of cadmium contamination of rice in China in 2013. • The cadmium rice event reduced the incidence of joint or muscle pain (JMP) by 2% in Hunan Province. • Hunan residents switched away from unsafe drinking water sources such as surface water to deep groundwater, which contributed to the reduction in JMP incidence. • Hunan residents also reduced their consumption of rice in response to the event. • Strong evidence is in support of news and public information as supplemental approaches to formal environmental regulation. The paper studies the effects of news media coverage of the 2013 cadmium rice event in China on consumer health outcomes and avoidance behavior. A difference-in-differences analysis shows that the event caused a 2% decrease in the incidence of joint or muscle pain (JMP), a major health outcome of cadmium pollution, in high-cadmium-pollution regions relative to other regions. Individuals with higher income or with more access to traditional TV media or digital media experienced a greater level of JMP reduction. To defend against cadmium pollution, residents in cadmium-polluted regions switched their drinking water from unsafe sources such as surface water to the safe source of deep groundwater and significantly reduced their consumption of rice. Our findings demonstrate the importance of information provision as an informal approach to complement formal environmental regulation and the critical role of news media in environmental regulation and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studied materials, Cadmium (Cd2+) and Chromium (Cr3+) are highly toxic, and it focuses on investigating various environmental sources, such as industrial processes and waste water. When quantities of Cr3+ and Cd2+ exceed the allowable limit, biological toxicity and hazardous environmental pollution are unavoidable. In order to address this problem, we introduce 5-(5-(4-([2,2':6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl) phenyl) thiophen-2-yl)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo [ a,i ] phenanthridine (TPTP), a dual-emission response chemosensor that employs a colorimetric and fluorescence turn-on approach for the rapid, sensitive, and discriminate detection of Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions. We created a newly designed luminous TPTP sensor based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). TPTP sensor probe specifically determined Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions with an immediate colour shift from cyan to green and orange in CH 3 CN: H 2 O (6:4) solvent solution. The permissible level set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States for the presence of Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions in drinking water was higher than the detection level of 3.5 and 9.7 nM, by this sensor respectively. NMR titrations, HRMS, and theoretical calculation methods were employed to examine the accurate sensing processes of TPTP and complexes. This is an effective method of detecting Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions in an environmental system using a ratiometric methodology. In addition, TPTP was used to determine the concentration of Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions in natural water and food samples. Fluorescent bio-imaging studies revealed that the present sensor TPTP could identify Cr3+ and Cd2+ ions inside living HeLa cells. A paper kit analysis has been done on TPTP , which has a time-to-result of less than 1 s and offers a cost-effective assay. As a result, the platform offers portability. [Display omitted] • A ratiometric probe for Cd2+ and Cr3+ ions based on a thiophene-extended conjugate terpyridine with phenanthridine functionality has been developed. • The sensor TPTP has a good selectivity for detecting Cd2+ and Cr3+ ions and a low detection limit. • The sensing mechanism was confirmed by a 1H NMR titration experiment and a DFT calculation. • The probe worked well for fluorescent bio-imaging of the Cd2+ and Cr3+ ions in both living cells and real resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the removal of cadmium from phosphoric acid, it is imperative to explore novel resources that may be utilized for the development of highly effective and environmentally sustainable adsorbents. Cellulose beads are composed of naturally occurring polysaccharide fibers and find extensive utilization across several industrial sectors and applications. Within this framework, this research paper presents a green and simple method for producing porous cellulose beads using date palm fibers as the preferred raw material. The innovation lies in immersing the obtained cellulose beads in a Polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF)/ N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) suspension as a coating polymer with different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 %) to maintain their stability in an acidic environment. The surface of cellulose/PVDF beads were subjected to multiple characterizations like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size distribution then pH stability confirming that the coating has been perfectly achieved and conserved well the shape of the beads. The coated cellulose/PVDF-2.5 % underwent evaluation by the process of batch adsorption experiments while different parameters were varied including contact time (5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 min), temperature (25, 35, 45 and 55 °C), and adsorbent mass (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg). The obtained ICP data showed that the adsorption rate of Cd (II) from phosphoric acid medium decreased while increasing both temperature from 25 to 55 °C and contact time from 5 to 90 min while adding more adsorbent dosage from 20 to 100 mg enhanced the removal percentage. The cellulose/PVDF-2.5 % was more effective with an adsorption capacity equal to 3.4998 mg/g at optimal conditions including 25 °C as the temperature after 5 min as contact time and by adding a mass 100 mg of the biosorbent while the pH = 2 of the solution is maintained the same. The examined material's adsorption processes proved to be exothermic and non-spontaneous, and it proved that the pseudo-second-order model provided the best match for the cellulose/PVDF-2.5 % beads kinetics data. Furthermore, the cellulose beads exhibited exceptional reusability for up to four repeated cycles without undergoing desorption. The present study offers a viable approach for producing environmentally sustainable biomass-derived adsorbents. Additionally, the study validates the potential of cellulose/PVDF beads as an intriguing material for phosphoric acid decadmiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]