26 results
Search Results
2. Analyzing the dimensional aspects of 3D volumetric spaces: a product-oriented perspective.
- Author
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Rana, Vighneshkumar and Singh, Vishal
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ARCHITECTURE ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,METHODOLOGY ,QUALITATIVE research ,DOMESTIC architecture - Abstract
The concept of volumetric spaces has evolved in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, ranging from traditional onsite built spaces to modern modular houses and portable architecture. Despite this diversity, there lacks a comprehensive framework to analyze volumetric space products across dimensions. This paper presents a conceptual framework based on abductive reasoning and qualitative analysis, aiming to explore interdependencies among dimensions. It hypothesizes that volumetric space dimensions are perceived differently and demonstrate interdependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. "You have to work...but you can't!": Contradictions of the Active Labour Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK.
- Author
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CALO, FRANCESCA, MONTGOMERY, TOM, and BAGLIONI, SIMONE
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POLICY sciences ,GOVERNMENT policy ,QUALITATIVE research ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of refugees ,INTERVIEWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LABOR market ,DISCOURSE analysis ,EXPERIENCE ,THEORY of knowledge ,PRACTICAL politics ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,SOCIAL support ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,SOCIAL problems - Abstract
The discourse of deservingness has been mobilised against certain groups in the UK society navigating UK labour markets, among them refugees and asylum seekers. These discourses, leading to the stigmatisation of the unemployed are coupled with an emphasis on the importance of individuals taking responsibility to develop their 'employability'. Little attention has been paid to scrutinise the contrast between the deservingness rhetoric and policy making with the actual conditions newcomers, and in particular refugees and asylum seekers, are confronted with when seeking employment. Our paper fills such a gap by indicating key contradictions at the heart of labour market integration in the UK. On the one hand, the emphasis on deservingness is coupled with policy discourses that construct an environment shaped by welfare and labour market chauvinism. On the other hand, the policy architecture is fundamentally flawed in a number of ways in terms of the support mechanisms necessary to ensure that newcomers can successfully integrate into the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Decision Making in a Strategic Medical Command and Control Team During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study.
- Author
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Pettersson J, Prytz E, Friberg M, Björnqvist A, Berggren P, Frisk J, and Jonson CO
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- Humans, Interviews as Topic methods, SARS-CoV-2, Male, Female, Adult, Organizational Case Studies, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Decision Making, Qualitative Research, Pandemics
- Abstract
Objective: To achieve resilience in the response of a major incident, it is essential to coordinate major processes and resources with the aim to manage expected and unexpected changes. The coordination is partly done through timely, adequate, and resilience-oriented decisions. Accordingly, the aim of the present paper is to describe factors that affected decision-making in a medical command and control team during the early COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: This study used a qualitative method in which 13 individuals from a regional public healthcare system involved in COVID-19 related command and control were interviewed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis., Results: The factors affecting decision-making in medical command and control during early COVID-19 pandemic were grouped into 5 themes: organization, adaptation, making decisions, and analysis, as well as common operational picture., Conclusions: The present study indicated that decision-making in medical command and control faces many challenges in the response to pandemics. The results may provide knowledge about disaster resilience and can be utilized in educational and training settings for medical command and control.
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- 2024
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5. Patients' and professionals' experiences with remote care during COVID-19: a qualitative study in general practices in low-income neighborhoods.
- Author
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Kollmann J, Sana S, Magnée T, Boer S, Merkelbach I, Kocken PL, and Denktaș S
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- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Netherlands, Aged, Telemedicine, Patient Satisfaction statistics & numerical data, Attitude of Health Personnel, SARS-CoV-2, Remote Consultation, Health Services Accessibility, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 therapy, Qualitative Research, Poverty, General Practice
- Abstract
Aim: To explore how patients and general practice professionals in low-income neighborhoods experienced the increase of remote care during COVID-19., Background: As the GP (general practitioner) is the first point of contact in Dutch health care, there are concerns about access to remote care for patients from low-income neighborhoods. Now that general practice professionals have returned to the pre-pandemic ways of healthcare delivery, this paper looks back at experiences with remote care during COVID-19. It investigates experiences of both patients and general practice professionals with the approachability and appropriateness of remote care and their satisfaction., Methods: In this qualitative study, 78 patients and 18 GPs, 7 nurse practitioners and 6 mental health professionals were interviewed. Interviews were held on the phone and face-to-face in the native language of the participants., Findings: Remote care, especially telephone consultation, was generally well-approachable for patients from low-income neighborhoods. Contrarily, video calling was rarely used. This was partly because patients did not know how to use it. The majority of patients thought remote care was possible for minor ailments but would also still like to see the doctor face-to-face regularly. Patients were generally satisfied with remote care at the time, but this did not necessarily reflect their willingness to continue using it in the future. Moreover, there was lack in consensus among general practice professionals on the appropriateness of remote care for certain physical and mental complaints. Nurse practitioners and mental health professionals had a negative attitude toward remote care. In conclusion, it is important to take the opinions and barriers of patients and care providers into account and to increase patient-centered care elements and care provider satisfaction in remote care. Integrating remote care is not only important in times of crisis but also for future care that is becoming increasingly digitalized.
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- 2024
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6. Ethical issues when interviewing older people about loneliness: reflections and recommendations for an effective methodological approach.
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Naughton-Doe, Ruth, Barke, Jenny, Manchester, Helen, Willis, Paul, and Wigfield, Andrea
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CONVERSATION , *INTERVIEWING , *NEGOTIATION , *HUMAN research subjects , *FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *LONELINESS , *DECISION making , *PARTICIPANT-researcher relationships , *MEDICAL research , *AGEISM , *PUBLIC health , *SOCIAL stigma , *OLD age - Abstract
Loneliness among older people is perceived as a global public health concern, although assumptions that old age is a particularly lonely time for everyone are not accurate. While there is accumulating quantitative and qualitative evidence on the experience and impact of loneliness amongst older adults, there is little exploration of methodological issues that arise in engaging with older adults particularly through research-oriented conversations. The sensitivity and stigma often attached to loneliness means that interviewing research participants presents ethical challenges for researchers navigating complex emotional responses. This paper presents reflections from three research projects that used research interviews to explore accounts of loneliness experienced by older people. The everyday methodological decisions of research teams are often hidden from view, but through a critical examination of reflexive accounts of fieldwork, this paper makes visible the internal and external negotiations of researchers responding to ethical complexity. The paper explores the key decisions that researchers make during interviews about loneliness: how to introduce the topic; how to phrase questions about loneliness; when to ask the questions; how to deal with the stigma of loneliness and respond to ageism; and how to manage the participant–researcher relationship post-interview. The paper concludes with recommendations for appropriately navigating ethical complexity in loneliness research, thus contributing to an effective qualitative methodological approach to researching loneliness in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Modes of relating to the new ICTs among older internet users: a qualitative approach.
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Coelho, Ana Rita
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INTERNET access , *DIGITAL technology , *QUALITATIVE research , *RESEARCH funding , *DIGITAL divide , *CONSUMER attitudes , *INTERVIEWING , *STATISTICAL sampling , *INFORMATION technology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *COMMUNICATION , *QUALITY of life , *DATA analysis software , *OLD age - Abstract
Older people have increasingly been using the new information and communication technologies (ICTs), namely the internet. Seeking to contribute with substantive information on their digital inclusion, this paper focuses on the adoption and use of ICTs by older adults, highlighting their experiences and considering their plurality. Taking a qualitative approach, the core goal of the empirical research underlying this paper was to understand what mechanisms and modalities configure the relationship of older internet users with the new ICTs. With that objective in mind, interviews were conducted with 20 internet users over the age of 60. Those interviews, which included a biographical element, were subjected to multi-categorical analysis. Results suggest a typology of modes of relating to the new ICTs among older internet users that reflects different trajectories, practices, skills, significances and impacts. The analysis shows how life trajectories and differentiated uses are reflected in equally differentiated impacts for older adults, contributing to their quality of life in different ways and to different degrees. Digital skills play a fundamental role in enhancing or limiting those effects. The results of this research help break down the stereotypes associated with the older generations and may have relevant implications for the design of digital inclusion policies and initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. 'It's overwhelming at the start': transitioning to public transit use as an older adult.
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Ravensbergen, Léa, Newbold, K. Bruce, and Ganann, Rebecca
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ACTIVE aging , *CONFIDENCE , *TRAVEL , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERVIEWING , *SELF-efficacy , *QUALITATIVE research , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *ACCESSIBLE design of public spaces , *PHYSICAL mobility , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *DATA analysis software , *SOCIAL skills , *TRANSPORTATION , *OLD age - Abstract
Independent mobility is an important component of healthy ageing. Public transit may be an affordable way to achieve independent mobility, and yet little is known about older adults' transition to public transit. This paper addresses this research gap by providing an exploration of older adults' experiences transitioning to public transit use, and by comparing these experiences to those of older people who have always travelled using transit. Twenty-four older adults (65+) living in Hamilton, Canada, who use public transit completed semi-structured interviews during which they discussed their experiences when they first began to use transit. These experiences are framed herein with the concept self-efficacy, i.e. how one's belief in their ability to complete a task shapes their ability to complete said task. Results indicate that most older adults acquire skills to transition to public transit, such as trip planning, boarding, knowing where to sit and exiting the bus. These skills are developed through practice. As one gains experience, one becomes more confident in their ability to meet their daily travel needs using transit. Therefore, the transition to public transit as an older adult can be more challenging for those with little experience using public transit. This paper highlights the danger of assuming all older adults will effortlessly take up transit and stresses the importance of older adults gaining experience using public transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Have the Welfare Professions Lost Autonomy? A Comparative Study of Doctors and Teachers.
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BLOMQVIST, PAULA and WINBLAD, ULRIKA
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COMPARATIVE studies ,QUALITATIVE research ,TEACHERS ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,RESEARCH funding ,CASE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHYSICIANS ,PUBLIC welfare ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
This article investigates the impact of NPM reforms on two prominent welfare state professions; medical doctors and teachers. The case study context is Sweden, where the impact of NPM led to a series of reforms in health care and education after 1990. The focus in the paper is on professional autonomy, which can be seen as a core trait in professional work. The findings in the article point to both medical doctors and teachers having lost professional autonomy as a result of NPM-reforms, particularly with regards to the dimensions of work organization and evaluation. Autonomy in individual decision-making seems to have been least affected, even if there are indications of this being infringed upon as well. Despite these broad similarities, the loss of autonomy is found to be more pronounced in the case of teachers. One reason behind this difference, which manifests itself in teachers having become subject to higher level of direct administrative control by school managers while at the same time experiencing a more distinct loss of autonomy to evaluate their work, appears to be that medical doctors have been more successful in establishing themselves as experts in relation to new public audit agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Exploring designers' cognitive abilities in the concept product design phase through traditional and digitally-mediated design environments.
- Author
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Tufail, Muhammad, Zaib, Shahab, Uzma, Sahr, Karim, Raja Mubashar, and Kim, KwanMyung
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DESIGN education ,COGNITIVE ability ,QUALITATIVE research ,PRODUCT design ,COMMERCIAL products - Abstract
This study explores design strategies that designers adapt in different design environments and assesses cognitive load associated with acquiring, comprehending, and implementing strategies in concept product design phase. The findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the traditional design environment exhibits a greater intrinsic load, thereby fostering a greater diversity of ideas, design strategies, and solutions. The digitally-mediated design environment demonstrates extraneous load, resulting in a tendency towards similarity in ideas, design strategies, and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Doing ageing research in pandemic times: a reflexive approach towards research ethics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Galčanová Batista, Lucie, Urbaniak, Anna, and Wanka, Anna
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QUALITATIVE research , *GERIATRICS , *EMPIRICAL research , *INTERVIEWING , *HUMAN research subjects , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *THEORY of knowledge , *AGEISM , *RESEARCH ethics , *COVID-19 pandemic , *COVID-19 , *BEHAVIORAL research , *SOCIAL distancing , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability - Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on societies and individual lives across the globe. In this paper, we address the impact of the pandemic and the protective measures on empirical social scientific ageing research through the lens of 'ethically important moments'. One of the most crucial measures for preventing the spread of the virus includes social distancing; therefore, empirical research methods based on person-to-person direct contact (as in interviews) and first-hand observation have been scaled back since 2020. For ageing research, the challenges are particularly pronounced due to the ongoing discussion regarding vulnerabilities associated with higher age and age-based discrimination. Hence, many researchers focusing on ageing are facing some difficult questions: How and under what conditions can we carry on with empirical research without putting our research participants and ourselves at risk? Firstly, we systematically identify the key dimensions and challenges that have shaped social scientific research during the lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: fragmentation, fluidity, ambiguity and uncertainty. Then, using insights from two international research projects, we illustrate and critically reflect on the ethically important moments and practical dilemmas that have resulted from these pandemic challenges when researching with and about older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Addressing Unmet Social Needs and Social Risks — A Qualitative Interview-Based Assessment of Parent Reported Outcomes and Impact from a Medical Legal Partnership.
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Paquette, Erin Talati, Saper, Jennifer Kusma, Khan, Hassan, Becker, Sasha, Guzman, Zecilly, Renteria, Valerie Alvarez, Hess, Sarah, and Sheehan, Karen
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MEDICAL care laws , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *SOCIAL justice , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTERVIEWING , *PARENT attitudes , *MATHEMATICAL models , *NEEDS assessment , *THEORY - Abstract
Medical legal partnerships address individual legal needs that can create impediments to health. Little is known about outcomes from medical legal partnerships and their relationship to access to justice. This paper reports outcomes from one medical legal partnership from the perspective of the client, with specific emphasis on impact on health and concepts related to access to justice. We suggest a conceptual model for incorporating medical legal partnerships into a broader framework about access to justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Transient versus steady-state solutions: a qualitative study.
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Van Eester, D., Lerche, E.A., Pawelec, E., and Solano, E.
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QUALITATIVE research , *PLASMA heating , *BEAM steering , *HEATING , *ELECTRIC transients - Abstract
In view of the ultimate goal of producing long-lasting quasi-stationary discharges required for future fusion power stations, the numerical study of steady-state solutions of equations describing the particle and energy balance rightfully gets ample attention. Transient states may, however, differ significantly from the steady state ultimately reached and will – in practice – impact on the actual fate of the discharge. Using brutally simple models, the present paper highlights a number of aspects to illustrate this dynamics. It e.g. shows the different signature of wave and beam heating, potentially giving room to transiently trigger desirable effects that may allow us to better steer a discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Older people's family relationships in disequilibrium during the COVID-19 pandemic. What really matters?
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Derrer-Merk, Elfriede, Ferson, Scott, Mannis, Adam, Bentall, Richard, and Bennett, Kate M.
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QUALITATIVE research , *RESEARCH funding , *INTERVIEWING , *FAMILY relations , *FAMILY roles , *EXPERIENCE , *STAY-at-home orders , *THEMATIC analysis , *QUALITY of life , *FAMILY support , *GROUNDED theory , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SOCIAL distancing , *WELL-being , *OLD age - Abstract
Inter- and intragenerational relationships are known to be important in maintaining the wellbeing of older people. A key aspect of these relationships is the exchange of both emotional and instrumental social support. However, relatively little is known about how this exchange of support changes in the context of widespread disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to examine how older people's family relationships are impacted by such social change. The present qualitative study explores how older people in the United Kingdom experienced changes in inter- and intragenerational support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 33) were recruited through a large-scale nationally representative survey (https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/psychology-consortium-covid19). We asked how life had been pre-pandemic, how they experienced the first national lockdown and what the future might hold in store. The data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory. This paper focuses on the importance of family relationships and how they changed as a consequence of the pandemic. We found that the family support system had been interrupted, that there were changes in the methods of support and that feelings of belonging were challenged. We argue that families were brought into disequilibrium through changes in the exchange of inter- and intragenerational support. The important role of grandchildren for older adults was striking and challenged by the pandemic. The significance of social connectedness and support within the family had not changed during the pandemic, but it could no longer be lived in the same way. The desire to be close to family members and to support them conflicted with the risk of pandemic infection. Our study found support for the COVID-19 Social Connectivity Paradox: the need for social connectedness whilst maintaining social distance. This challenged family equilibrium, wellbeing and quality of life in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Peer support for the newly diagnosed: how people with dementia can co-produce meeting centre services.
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Söderlund, Mona, Hellström, Ingrid, Vamstad, Johan, and Hedman, Ragnhild
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AFFINITY groups , *MEETINGS , *NONPROFIT organizations , *SOCIAL support , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *RESEARCH methodology , *SOCIAL stigma , *INTERVIEWING , *DEMENTIA patients , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *QUALITATIVE research , *FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *HEALTH literacy , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *SUPPORT groups , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *DEMENTIA , *NEEDS assessment , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge about open, co-produced meeting centres for people with dementia, from their own perspective. Services that support people who are newly diagnosed with dementia are often insufficient. Co-produced services have the potential to address the need of people with dementia to be useful and productive, while reducing the stigma. In this study, we applied a qualitative design. Data were collected at a meeting centre for people with newly diagnosed dementia, and consisted of fieldwork (13 days for about two hours at a time), written materials, and semi-structured interviews (mean length 30 minutes) with five attendees with dementia and two staff persons. The analysis was inspired by situational analysis. The findings showed that the meeting centre provided a place for human encounters, a break from everyday life, and a place to share knowledge and develop new skills. Further, challenges were described. Co-production consisted of the attendees being encouraged to take part in the planning of activities, learning from each other and providing mutual support. The study adds to previous knowledge about co-produced services for people with dementia. Future studies can clarify how co-production can be developed in services for people with newly diagnosed dementia in countries and regions where there is a dearth of this kind of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Thinking about caring for older relatives in the future: a qualitative exploration.
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Stevens, Madeleine, Brimblecombe, Nicola, Bou, Camille, and Wittenberg, Raphael
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THOUGHT & thinking , *CAREGIVER attitudes , *MEDICAL quality control , *RESPITE care , *INTERVIEWING , *HUMANITY , *QUALITATIVE research , *FAMILY roles , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *HEALTH attitudes , *RESEARCH funding , *LOVE , *ENDOWMENTS , *ELDER care - Abstract
The number of dependent older people in England, as elsewhere, is projected to rise substantially, while the number of unpaid carers is not projected to rise by an equivalent amount. Barriers to people caring for older relatives have been theorised, however, there is a lack of understanding of attitudes to providing care in the future among people who are not currently carers. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews with 20 people in middle age about their willingness to care for older relatives in the future. Interviewees were asked their general views about who should provide care, then to consider future scenarios in which a close relative developed care needs. Willingness to care was influenced by beliefs about reciprocity, love and identity, beliefs about who was likely to provide the best quality and most appropriate care, and beliefs about how difficult caring would be. Older relatives' care preferences were a key consideration. While some interviewees felt the best care would always be provided by family, others considered that professional skills were needed. Interviewees saw important roles for easily accessible information and advice, sharing care, including respite care, and financial support, in making it easier to provide care. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown had highlighted relevant issues for interviewees, which are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. The Worst or the Best Treaty? Analysing the Equitable and Reasonable Utilization Principle in the Legal Arrangements of the Helmand River.
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NAGHEEBY, Mohsen
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INTERNATIONAL law ,GEOPOLITICS ,QUALITATIVE research ,LEGAL process theory - Abstract
After protracted conflicts, Afghanistan and Iran agreed on a treaty in 1973 to share the waters of the Helmand River. However, this legal arrangement became a source of controversy over its equitable and reasonable utilization principle. The 1973 Helmand River Water Treaty reflects a history of legal and political controversy and strongly contrasting views, with some labelling it the "worst" treaty and others the "best". This paper scrutinizes the history of legal arrangements of the Helmand River within its underlying political context to search for evidence of the aforementioned equitable and reasonable utilization principle. The findings indicate that the 1973 Treaty provides a grey space for legality and illegality, being a greatly restricted instrument to uphold the principle of equity. Examination of the principle of equity in the 1973 Treaty contributes to developing constructive controversy over the Helmand River and offers valuable lessons for other international watercourses facing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Exploring metacognitive processes in design ideation with text-to-image AI tools.
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Chang, Hao-Yu and Kuo, Jo-Yu
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METACOGNITION ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,QUALITATIVE research ,SEMI-structured interviews ,COGNITION - Abstract
This research aims to explore the existence of metacognition during the use of text-to-image generators in the design ideation stage. We recruited five participants with a design background to use Midjourney as an ideation tool and to produce three sketches at the end of their task. Through semi-structured interviews and retrospective verbalization, we collected data on their thought processes. The qualitative analysis revealed clear indications of metacognitive engagement, such as monitoring and evaluating, which opens the path for future research into the impact of AI on design cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Gamification as an innovative method in user experience design.
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Kessing, David, Katzwinkel, Tim, and Löwer, Manuel
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GAMIFICATION ,USER experience ,NEW product development ,CONSUMERS ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
The growing research field of gamification promises new insights and innovative methods for the active design of user experience. This article examines the extent to which gamification complements the established methods of user experience design in the context of product development. To this end, assessment criteria are proposed that can be used to evaluate human-centred design methods. A qualitative comparison is then used to determine the added value of the innovative field of gamification for future user experience design in consumer products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. "Oldies come bottom of Grim Reaper hierarchy" : A framing analysis of UK newspaper coverage of old age and risk of dying during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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CARNEY, GEMMA M., MAGUIRE, STEPHANIE, and BYRNE, BRONAGH
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MORTALITY risk factors ,QUALITATIVE research ,DEATH ,SOCIAL services case management ,NEWSPAPERS ,PRESS ,THEMATIC analysis ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,AGEISM ,VOCATIONAL rehabilitation ,PUBLIC health ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
This article examines UK newspaper coverage during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic March-August 2020. A qualitative framing analysis of public messaging on age in five high circulation newspapers provides a detailed account of who is deemed to be at risk of dying from COVID-19. Newspapers represent older people as most at risk, with disability as a secondary factor. Reports on who is responsible, who is at risk, and who is to blame for deaths from COVID-19 are framed as issues of public health and generational fairness, with individual responsibility occupying a prominent role. We also find two counter-frames. First, in letters to the editor, older people's pleas for freedom are framed as a fight for their civil liberties. Second, newspapers praise 99-year-old Captain Tom Moore and frame his behaviour as a source of national pride. We identify this as positive ageism. We conclude that reporting across progressive and conservative newspapers reflects age-based stereotypes and paternalism towards older people. Public figures are represented as scapegoats or heroes, offering distraction from the less newsworthy fact that long-term under-investment in social care increased the risk of dying amongst the old and disabled during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. 'Medical clearance' and referral to liaison psychiatry: a national service evaluation.
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Gillett, George, Westwood, Sophie, Thomson, Alex B., and Lee, William
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MEDICAL clearance ,CONSULTATION-liaison psychiatry ,MENTAL health services ,PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Aims and method: The prevalence of delaying psychiatric care until the patient has received 'medical clearance', and the definitions and understanding of 'medical clearance' terminology by relevant clinicians, are largely unknown. In a service evaluation of adult liaison psychiatry services across England, we explore the prevalence, definitions and understanding of 'medical clearance' terminology in three parallel studies: (a) an analysis of trust policies, (b) a survey of liaison psychiatry services and (c) a survey of referring junior doctors. Content and thematic analyses were performed. Results: ' Medical clearance' terminology was used in the majority of trust policies, reported as a referral criterion by many liaison psychiatry services and had been encountered by most referring doctors. 'Medical clearance' was identified as a common barrier to liaison psychiatry referral. Terms were inconsistently used and poorly defined. Clinical implications: Many liaison psychiatry services seem not to comply with guidance promoting parallel assessment. This may affect parity of physical and mental healthcare provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. The impact of reduced routine community mental healthcare on people from minority ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives.
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Winsper, Catherine, Bhattacharya, Rahul, Bhui, Kamaldeep, Currie, Graeme, Edge, Dawn, Ellard, David, Franklin, Donna, Gill, Paramjit, Gilbert, Steve, Khan, Noreen, Miller, Robin, Motala, Zahra, Pinfold, Vanessa, Sandhu, Harbinder, Singh, Swaran P., Weich, Scott, and Giacco, Domenico
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,ETHNIC groups ,MINORITIES ,CULTURAL pluralism ,MENTAL health personnel ,ETHNIC differences ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Background: Enduring ethnic inequalities exist in mental healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic has widened these. Aims: To explore stakeholder perspectives on how the COVID-19 pandemic has increased ethnic inequalities in mental healthcare. Method: A qualitative interview study of four areas in England with 34 patients, 15 carers and 39 mental health professionals from National Health Service (NHS) and community organisations (July 2021 to July 2022). Framework analysis was used to develop a logic model of inter-relationships between pre-pandemic barriers and COVID-19 impacts. Results: Impacts were largely similar across sites, with some small variations (e.g. positive service impacts of higher ethnic diversity in area 2). Pre-pandemic barriers at individual level included mistrust and thus avoidance of services and at a service level included the dominance of a monocultural model, leading to poor communication, disengagement and alienation. During the pandemic remote service delivery, closure of community organisations and media scapegoating exacerbated existing barriers by worsening alienation and communication barriers, fuelling prejudice and division, and increasing mistrust in services. Some minority ethnic patients reported positive developments, experiencing empowerment through self-determination and creative activities. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic some patients showed resilience and developed adaptations that could be nurtured by services. However, there has been a reduction in the availability of group-specific NHS and third-sector services in the community, exacerbating pre-existing barriers. As these developments are likely to have long-term consequences for minority ethnic groups' engagement with mental healthcare, they need to be addressed as a priority by the NHS and its partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. 'It's Not Just About a Rainbow Lanyard': How Structural Cisnormativity Undermines the Enactment of Anti-Discrimination Legislation in the Welsh Homelessness Service.
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ENGLAND, EDITH
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,QUALITATIVE research ,GOVERNMENT policy ,GENDER identity ,TRANSGENDER people ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,CISGENDER people ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,HOMELESSNESS ,HEALTH equity ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
Trans people – those whose gender identity does not match that assigned to them at birth – are at considerably elevated risk of homelessness, reflecting their marginalized legal, bureaucratic and socio-economic status. Recent substantial international expansion to the medico-legal rights afforded them operates in tension with cisnormative welfare structures. Based upon a Critical Discourse Analysis of interviews with 35 trans people with experience of homeless in Wales, UK, alongside 12 workers in the system, I argue that anti-discrimination legislation is insufficient in its current form to prevent discrimination against trans people. I suggest that, without addressing deeper structural cisnormativity, service provision for trans people experiencing homelessness and other forms of social marginalisation will remain inadequate. This argument rests upon the following findings. (1) Failing to consider exclusion at a structural level leads to system-gaps and misunderstandings, producing poor service experiences. (2) The specific needs of trans applicants are under considered in system planning, reducing scope for meaningful homelessness interventions. (3) An equalities approach can produce a reductive and potentially pathologizing focus upon trans identity, diverting from specific individual needs. I conclude that provision of inclusive services necessitates consideration of the impact of deep cisnormative assumptions in service design and delivery, and their resultant exclusion of trans people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Stakeholder views on the design of National Health Service perinatal mental health services: 360-degree survey.
- Author
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Scott, John, Mcdonald, Christopher, McRobbie, Sarah, Watt, Blair, Young, Judith, and Morris, Jane
- Subjects
STAKEHOLDERS ,NATIONAL health services ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Aims and method At the start of a new community perinatal mental health service in Scotland we sought the opinions and aspirations of professional and lay stakeholders. A student elective project supported the creation of an anonymous 360-degree online survey of a variety of staff and people with lived experience of suffering from or managing perinatal mental health problems. The survey was designed and piloted with trainees and volunteer patients. Results A rich variety of opinions was gathered from the 60 responses, which came from a reasonably representative sample. Respondents provided specific answers to key questions and wrote free-text recommendations and concerns to inform service development. Clinical implications There is clear demand for the new expanded service, with strong support for provision of a mother and baby unit in the North of Scotland. The digital survey method could be adapted to generate future surveys to review satisfaction with service development and generate ideas for further change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Deserving Hukou: An Exploration of How Chinese People Evaluate Migrants' Welfare Deservingness.
- Author
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ØSTERBY-JØRGENSEN, ANDREAS MICHAEL
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,NOMADS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,GROUP identity ,FAMILIES ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,PUBLIC welfare ,PUBLIC opinion ,SOCIAL integration - Abstract
Within the welfare deservingness literature, the question of how people conceive of deservingness criteria is still underexplored. Theoretical insights indicate that identity and reciprocity criteria are more fluidly conceived by people than much deservingness literature describes. Through a qualitative analysis, I explore how Chinese people evaluate the deservingness of a group of Chinese nationals (identity) who contribute (reciprocity) but are excluded from welfare: intranational Chinese migrants. I find that Chinese people have multiple conceptions of identity and reciprocity criteria. Some conceive of identity through larger communities, such as the nation, while others conceive of it through local communities, such as the family. Reciprocity can be conceived of in a less conditional way, which means that contributions generally make one deserving, and in a more conditional way, where one's deservingness depends on one's ability to make more specific kinds of contributions. Welfare recipients' deservingness becomes very dependent on respondents' conceptions of these deservingness criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Income Insecurity and the Relational Coping Strategies of Low-Income Households in the UK.
- Author
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YOUNG, DAVID
- Subjects
FRIENDSHIP ,FAMILY support ,SOCIAL networks ,INTERVIEWING ,HELP-seeking behavior ,INCOME ,QUALITATIVE research ,DIARY (Literary form) ,FAMILY attitudes ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,GOVERNMENT policy ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,POVERTY ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,ENDOWMENTS ,LABOR market ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Changes in the labour market, high rates of working age poverty, major welfare reforms and more recently the Covid-19 pandemic have drawn renewed attention to income security. Existing research has identified the important role of relational support in helping people cope with low income, but less is known about the role of support for those coping with the potentially destabilising effects of income change which can affect people over relatively short periods of time. This article focuses on how relational coping strategies are utilised by those experiencing such income change. The data are drawn from a qualitative longitudinal study of the experience of income change and insecurity in 15 low-income households in the UK which included repeated in-depth interviews and weekly financial diaries completed in periods of up to five months. The article explores the relational strategies adopted by participants to 'get by' as well as examining how strategies are adopted by those on different levels of low income and with differing networks. The article argues that these strategies illuminate the importance of income change in the experience of low-income households, develop the concept of income insecurity, and provide lessons for policy in providing flexible and responsive support when income changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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