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Transplantation of the heart and both lungs is being considered as a clinical possibility in several surgical centres today. This paper reviews the experimental development of surgical techniques in this field. In the 1940s Demikhov in the U.S.S.R. succeeded in developing a technique by which he could carry out cardiopulmonary transplantation without the use of any artificial means of recipient support during the procedure. He obtained survivors for up to six days; late deaths occurred mainly from pulmonary complications. The techniques and results of subsequent workers using hypothermia or pump-oxygenator support are reviewed. Recent work has focused on the problem of the return of spontaneous respiration following denervation of the lungs which, of necessity, occurs during this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It emerges from this study of the coverings of the intracerebral vessels that they are arranged in a pattern which is analogous to that found in the vessels of the leptomeninx. The situation of the cellular and the fibrillary elements surrounding the vessel is examined, and comments are made on the findings from studies under the light microscope and under the electron microscope. The connective character {pericytic or glial) of the fibers found above the vessel is discussed and the relationship they bear to the cells observed at the perivascular level forms the subject of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An excerpt from the paper on the early movements of the cat embryo by W.F. Windle , J.E. O'Donnell and E.E. Glasshagle is presented.

An excerpt from the paper on the early movements of the cat embryo by W.F. Windle and A.M. Griffin is presented.

The article reflects on the pet population explosion of dogs and cats in the United States. The study aims to call the attention of the scientific community, which has hardly received the attention of the pet population explosion of dogs and cats. The section also offers several tables showing a summary of different surveys of the United States dog and cat population, showing a range of 90 but not less 20 million animals. Data gathered from countries like Japan, West Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom are also summarized in a table and compared in terms of owned pet ratios with U. S. figures.

An excerpt from the paper on the early movements of the cat embryo by J.D. Coronios is presented.

The article discusses various legislation on the U.S. on animal care, national science foundation bill and water pollution transfer. It states that on April 28, 1966, H.R. 13881 was passed with committee amendments to authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to minimize the transportation, sale and handling of cats and dogs. On May 17, 1966, the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee held hearings on S. 2322 by Warren Magnuson and Joseph Clark with amendments by Mike Monroney. S. 2322 would prohibit the buying of cats and dogs and other animals, including monkeys, guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits, for research purposes.

In an attempt to elucidate the nature of the endotoxin-altering reaction, normal sera from animals of different phylogenetic levels were tested for capacity to inactivate endotoxin from Escherichia coli. Inactivation was assayed quantitatively by reduction in capacities of endotoxin to be precipitated by homologous antiserum and to kill mice, and by changes in its immunodiffusion pattern. Sera from species of Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Osteichthyes, and Chondrichthyes were shown to have similar capacities to inactivate endotoxin, whereas sera from cycIostomes and hemolymphs from crustaceans altered endotoxin only slightly or not at all. In general, the qualitative nature of the endotoxin-altering reaction by these sera was similar in that the reaction was inhibited by calcium (100 μmoles/ml) and, excepting carp and turtle sera, it was heat stable (56 C for 30 min). Inactivation was greater when endotoxin was incubated with serum at 37 C rather than at 3 C or 26 C. It is postulated that an endotoxin-altering mechanism similar to that of human serum originated phylogenetic ally between hagfish and shark. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The problem of dependence or independence of conditioned autonomic-somatic responses has deep implications for learning theories and psychosomatic diseases. Recently, Miller (1969) has postulated independent mechanisms for both responses. On the other hand, Obrist et al. (1970) look at these processes in normal subjects as dependently interrelated. In this work, the conditioned heart rate (CHR) was studied during formation of avoidance conditioning in normal cats and in cats with lesions in mesencephaHc reticular formation. The results tend to favor the hypothesis of independence of both processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the stimulation of cerebellar cortex, a slow depolarization developed in the neurones which were impaled with microelectrodes in the dorsal portion of the nucleus of Deiters. Characteristically, it was produced bilaterally from a wide area of the culmen and, with double shock stimulation at brief intervals, showed a marked potentiation, often in association with a later depression. After repetitive stimulation of the cerebellar cortex the slow depolarization was prolonged for a period of many seconds. Even stimulation of the spinal cord caused similar depolarization. By intracellular injection of currents and ions, the depolarization was shown to be disinhibition, i. e., removal of background inhibition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that there was a steady production of IPSPs in dorsal Deiters neurones, which diminished during the phase of disinhibition. As the possible source of these background IPSPs, the Purkinje cell axons within the nucleus of Deiters were found to be discharging rhythmically at a rate of 20-90/sec, and in fact they were depressed very effectively after cerebellar stimulation. At the same time, volleys along Purkinje cell axons produced by a testing cerebellar stimulation also were diminished, indicating a depression in the excitability of Purkinje cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By recording intracellularly from Deiters neurones of cats, there was a survey of those cerebellar areas that, when stimulated, produced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) monosynaptically in Deiters neurones. The monosynaptic inhibitory area expanded longitudinally mainly along the ipsilateral vermal cortex of the anterior lobe. The ipsilateral cortex of the posterior lobe was also effective in inhibiting Deiters neurones though less prominently than the anterior lobe. The inhibitory fibers could be stimulated in the white matter of the cerebellum, predominantly in the ipsilateral side at rostral regions of nuclei fastigii and interpositus. It was further shown that the monosynaptic inhibition from the anterior and posterior lobes occurs chiefly in the dorsal portion of Deiters nucleus. Since in both the cerebellum and Deiters nucleus the spatial pattern of distribution of the inhibitory fibers conforms to that of the corticovestibular fibers as histologically defined, the experimental findings are in accord with the hypothesis that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cats were used for microelectrode recording from single cells in the amygdaloid complex, and for fluorescence histochemical demonstration of monoamines. It was found that the firing rate of amygdaloid neurones decreased sharply following the administration of 5-HTP, the precursor of serotonin. Conversely, it increased after the administration of L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine and norepinephrine. The fluorescence microscopy studies, after formaldehyde condensation, showed the presence of what appear to be axosomatic synapses containing serotonin on amygdaloid and hippocampal neurones. We conclude that serotonin may be an inhibitory synaptic transmitter in these limbic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]