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The article reports that not many years ago, Rorschach's test was conceived largely as a diagnostic instrument, and it was common knowledge that one did not cure patients merely by diagnosing their disorder. The present paper offers the suggestion that certain of the so-called projective tests may be employed in such a manner that their use will have a distinct psychotherapeutic effect. This psychotherapeutic effect is to be considered as the primary purpose for which the particular projective technique is to be used, the relative value of this particular form of therapy is to be used.

One disadvantage of a brief study is that there are always a few readers who assume that the author's interest is limited to the subject matter his paper represents. This is especially true when the topic is behavior modification. Consequently, a few people always assume that anyone who speaks in behalf of behavior modification naturally has excluded all other techniques for improving behavioral functioning. A discussion of behavior therapy seems to have the capacity to arouse deep emotional feelings. Subjective values and objective knowledge are never separated when one investigates a problem. However, in reviewing the points one can determine that subjectivity dominates their replies. The impressions of school social work are based on the literature, discussions with school social workers from all parts of the nation and personal experiences. The author feels that discussions with schools social workers reflect a more accurate picture than does the literature because they represent a broader and unedited appraisal of the situation. His statements based on these sources are appropriate.

A bibliography on the subject of personnel psychology is presented which includes the books "Manager Selection, Education and Training," by Williard E. Bennett, "Therapeutic Psychology: Fundamentals of Counseling and Psychotherapy," by Lawrence M. Brammer and "Personnel: The Human Problems of Management," by George Strauss and Leonard R. Sayles.

The article presents the experiences of a British experimenter on behavior therapy in prisons. When the author was a military prisoner in North Africa in 1942, he spent a couple of hours each day drawing and afterwards he always felt relief from boredom. Besides, the activity gave him an incentive to study the camp surroundings from a painter's point of view. He spent a lot of time standing and watching the shapes of his fellow prisoners as their outlined figures merged subtly against the walls of the huts. He used to memorize their attitudes, the bend of their necks, the way their arms were stuck into their trouser pockets and their backs huddled in the cold. Later he worked out these impressions on large sheets of paper. This serious creative work gave him a definite aim and its therapeutic effect was, he thinks, very great. On his return from the prison camps he found himself wondering what went on inside the civilian jails and whether the strengthening escape through creative work, which he had found, was also being discovered by the inmates of his Majesty's prisons.

Focuses on the clinical presentation of the young man identified with the puer aeternus archytype. Use of dream as part of the therapeutic process; Discussion of the selected aspect of the dream in terms of the puer aeternus identification; Tentative use of interpretations and confrontation.

A recent behavioral technique, developed to eliminate unwanted behavior, is desensitization (Wolpe 1958). This procedure initially was utilized to countercondition fears (phobias) of specific objects or situations - such as fear of snakes, spiders, heights, closed spaces, etc. Later extensions of this method included its use to alleviate discomfort in talking and socializing with others (Kraft 1969). In this procedure the subject learns to relax, or to behave in a way that is incompatible with autonomic responses associated with the fear response. By engaging in behaviors incompatible with anxiety, the association or connection between the stimulus and the resulting fear response is broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the relationship between performance on tests of auditory and visual perception and learning rate in reading lessons. Subjects were 69 children with severe dyslexia (2-5 years below grade level) who participated in a standard tutorial program designed along behavior therapy lines. Prior to placement in the tutorial reading program, children were tested with the Wide Range Achievement Test, the Bender-Gestalt, the Raven, a test of auditory-visual integration, and a test of visual-spatial perception. Learning rates were determined for 42 children. Significant correlations were found among the psychometric tests but not between psycho- metric tests and learning rate. Children achieving above and below expectancy in tutoring differed significantly in learning rate and amount of gain over 6 months but not on any of the psychometric tests. It was concluded that perceptual deficiencies may be more frequent in disabled readers, but learning rate and achievement are not related to the degree of perceptual deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on an announcement made by the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, published in the September 1, 1972 issue of the journal "Psychophysiology." Its Sixth Annual Meeting will be held between October 6, 1972 and October 8, 1972 at the New York Hilton Hotel, New York city.

The article discusses a study concerning the use of music therapy which allowed a patient to control the duration of time-out of her unwanted behaviors during treatment sessions in the U.S. It states that the patient was closely observed in a behavior modification program. It mentions the effectiveness of the time-out technique to decrease the response duration of the targeted behaviors of the patient studied. It also notes the variations between the target behaviors of the patient.

The article discusses the study of therapist behavior. An important aspect of the operation of clinics which evaluate the probable response of patients to behavior therapy is the diagnostic interview of the patient by an experienced staff member. An attempt is made in such an interview to decide various questions, such as the nature of the disabilities present, the need for further examinations or referrals, the wisdom of the referral to this particular clinic, the probable response of the patient to behavior therapy, the indicated major areas to work on in behavior therapy, the therapist most likely to be effective, etc.

In the case described, an account is given of psoriasis in a female aged 38 who presented with a history of a rash of increasing severity for 20 years, originating during a period of severe emotional stress in a susceptible personality type. During the whole of this period, there was never a time when she had been clear, and exacerbations had been most severe during her two pregnancies. She was treated under hypnosis by a six-point schedule. This involved analysis and discussion, with interpretive (insight) psychotherapy and desensitization by reciprocal inhibition as described by Wolpe. As well as the disappearance of the rash, overall improvement in personality was a notable impression gained from the self-rating Personality Schedule score at the end of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information on proceedings of several society of analytical psychology across the world. It includes proceedings of "Society of Analytical Psychology," at London , England. The major discussions at the society's analytical group include "What's wrong with the analytical group?" by D. Ogden, "What is analysis?" by C. Bosanquet, M. Fordham and R. Strauss, "Ethics of analysis and behaviour therapy," by A. Plaut and V. Meyer, "Envy and the Shadow," by J. Hubback, "Clinical aspects of timing in analysis," by D. Holt.

The article presents a case of a patient who felt untouched, in spite all his careful hard work and devoted work on his unconscious. The patient met the author with two large, well-filled notebooks to prove how faithfully he had worked on his unconscious. During psychoanalysis, the author found that this man's life reflected same passivity and lack of involvement that he showed towards the unconscious. He had a nasty temper and mean due to which he was disliked by others. He felt exaggerated concern over his disagreeable behavior.

The article reports on the behavior therapy and target symptoms of the patients. This study describes three cases treated by behavior therapy, where treatment aimed at the target symptom also brought about other changes, which had seemed unrelated to the presenting symptom. The remarkable aspect of the whole treatment procedure is that the patient has lost all interest in homosexual and transvestite activities, although no specific treatment was directed towards his sexual deviations. The patient himself was even more grateful for the disappearance of his sexual perversions than for his recovery from the traffic phobia.

The article presents information on a psychological research related to anxiety and self-acceptance. In many studies anxiety is often associated with inflexible thought. This study tested the suggested relationship between self acceptance and anxiety and compared the relationship of each with several measures of open-mindedness. The study concluded that anxiety, even when formed as a trait may be defined as a threat to the self.

An attempt was made to reconcile discrepant findings in the size constancy performance of poor premorbid, process, non-paranoid schizophrenic men. It was postulated that an impairment of basic cognitive skills, and particularly of conservation, differentiates schizophrenics and normals, and under-constant and over-constant non-paranoid schizophrenics, and that this and an associated primitive visual centration effect may lead to paradoxical over-constancy for some schizophrenics. The results confirm that schizophrenics may be both under- and over-constant, and that they exhibit significantly low levels in primitive cognitive operations. The latter abnormalities are particularly marked in over-constant schizophrenics, for whom there is strong evidence of centration with a distant standard. Contradictory findings of over- as well as under-constancy in non-paranoid schizophrenics may thus be a function, apart from other determinants, of differences in the availability of conserving operations, and differences in centration strategies, where the latter would be influenced by characteristics of the experimental display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which determines the efficacy of covert positive reinforcement for treating obesity and its differential effects of treatment upon application. During the investigation process, 60 female students having ten or more pounds overweight have been randomly selected from several respondents who volunteered to undergo weight reduction program. The subjects were asked to fill out four questionnaires and attended an introductory session to describe the study regarding the comparison of two treatment procedures for weight reduction. The results indicated that the subjects treated with covert positive reinforcement have lost more weight than those assigned to the minimal treatment control condition.

The article presents a case study of a woman who complained of a fear of earthworms. The disorder seemed to be monosymptomatic and she was referred to the psychologist for behavior therapy. Discussion with the patient which might be construed as psychotherapy was avoided. Overtly the patient-therapist relationship involved an initial interview to determine a stimulus gradient, instructions for the deconditioning procedures, the therapist's presence during most of these procedures, receiving the patient's introspections about her anxiety, checking on her anxiety by measuring skin resistance in the laboratory, and encouragement in muscular relaxation in the final stages involving the close presence of large worms.

Announces the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy's 8th annual meeting to be held in Chicago, Illinois, from November 1 to 3, 1974. Venue of the convention; Contact information.

This article presents information on the 8th annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy between November 1-3, 1974, in Chicago, Illinois.