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Presents the papers delivered at the 'Symposium on Anthropology and Indian Claims Litigation at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association held in Detroit, Michigan in December 1954. Objectives of the program; Qualifications of the authors; Significance of Indian claims litigation to the discipline of anthropology.

The article lists the new science books which includes "Anthropology and Human Nature," by Ashley Montagu, "The Rat: A Study in Behavior," by S. A. Barnett, and "The Design of Electric Circuits in the Behavioral Sciences," by Tom N. Cornsweet.

The paper suggests steps for developing an anthropology curriculum at the secondary level and offers an excerpt from an experimental teacher's guide. The development involves four steps: selection of the most significant topics from the rich mass of anthropological information, identification of the relevance of each topic to the high school student's experience, isolation of the essential aspects of each topic, and the development of methods for helping students understand the data and concepts used in anthropology. The experimental unit, "Study of Early Man," examines race formation and classification. During the four-day unit students construct a chart of the physical traits of the major races, measure the frequency and range of height or skin shade of their classmates and draw conclusions about variance within a race, and study mating practices by examining matrimonial advertisements in the Bombay Times. The unit should make the student aware of the confusion of criteria in the conventional classification of peoples into racial groups. (KC)

This article serves as a reply to comments made by E.G. Dunning and E.I. Hopper on the author's paper on social stratification in industrial society. Dunning and Hopper state that his paper 'explicitly sets out to explore' the problem of convergence. This, the author is afraid, is to claim too much for it. The author also wants to correct the statement made on the notion of one-way convergence. He wants also to explain that he does not think that American work on the subject of convergence as monolithic. He also explains that claim made that he regards national culture, political ideology and political organization as 'fixed and unalterable constraints on the effects of economic organization and technology'. Dunning and Hopper apparently fail to realise that the argument of Leach's to which they refer can equally be directed against the making of comparisons of a superficial kind. Certainly the existence of `generalised structural patterns' may be masked by differences in their specific manifestations in particular cases; but at the same time it is also implied by Leach's analogy that apparent similarities in social structures may be deceptive and may conceal underlying differences which it is the task of sociological analysis to expose.

Adopted for 22 years into the Seneca nation, Harriet Maxwell Converse devoted much of her life to the study and defense of the Indians of New York. The position of friendship and trust she enjoyed enabled her to record extensive information on the customs and institutions of the Iroquois. Material for this volume was taken from her notes found after her death in 1903. The manuscript as found included 22 legends; 14 additional ones were revised from her rough notes. The tales are written in a graceful, poetic style and reflect great understanding and knowledge of the culture. Parts I and II record the myths and legends of the Iroquois. These deal with the story of the creation of the earth, good and evil, sun, stars, and animals. Other stories explain the forces of nature--the spirits behind the winds, thunder, drought, rain, seasons, and death. Some tales relate how certain constellations came to be or explain how the bear lost his tail or the frog his teeth; still others tell of the journey of the soul, the legend of the tall pine, the invisible little people, and the spirits of corn, rock, and lake. Part III includes miscellaneous papers found among her notes. These describe aspects of Iroquois history and culture, including women's rights, wampum belts, the game of lacrosse, the Secret Medicine Society, and Mrs. Converse's initiation into the Seneca Medicine Lodge. The forward to the book includes an account of Harriet Converse's life and her work among the Iroquois. (DS)

In this first of a series of four papers on the effects of acculturation on personality and attitudes, students in four Uganda secondary schools, chosen to represent four levels of acculturation, were tested on sentence completion, thematic apperception and figure-drawing tests, in regard to their political awareness and attitudes toward authority figures, especially chiefs and Euro-peans. These 211 Ss in the Buganda province of Uganda were then compared with 144 Ss in the North Nyanza province of Kenya who were assumed to be less acculturated. The findings support the hypothesis that the more acculturated more frequently than the less acculturated feel hostile toward authority figures. The findings suggested further that the more acculturated more frequently than the less acculturated tended to perceive authority figures as punitive, but were mixed in their opinions about authority. In comparison with the less acculturated Kenya sample, the Uganda sample were more aware politically, more actively discontent with the political status quo and more nationalistic in their identification. Non-monotonic relationships with degree of acculturation were found in regard to readiness to identify with the European and covert tendency to view the European as dominant The significance of these findings will be discussed in the fourth paper of this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This, the second of four papers on the effects of acculturation on personality and attitudes, tested the hypotheses that the more acculturated, in comparison with the less acculturated, are more frustrated, hence more hostile, and have more effective modes of handling frustration and consequent aggression. Two criteria of degree of acculturation were used: (a) four Uganda schools represented four levels of acculturation; (b) the 211 Uganda Ss were assumed to be more acculturated than the 144 Kenya Ss. The frustration-aggression variables were assessed by means of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test and sentence completion and thematic apperception tests. The findings supported the hypotheses. The more acculturated were more aggressive than the less acculturated. They were more frequently frustrated by authority, by the aggression of others, and by their own failure or inability, and, less frequently than the less acculturated feared aggression or viewed it and rebellion against authority to be wrong. The more acculturated were more frequently intropunitive and need-persistent than the less acculturated, and less frequently obstacle-dominant (especially extrapunitive obstacle-dominant) and impunitive. The significance of these findings will be discussed in the fourth paper of this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents books about ethnography and anthropology. Titles of books; Names of authors; 'A Classified Bibliography of the Periodical Literature of the Trans-Mississippi West (1811-1957),' by Oscar Osburn Winther; 'The British Meet the Seminoles: Negotiations Between British Authorities in East Florida and the Indians, 1763-1768,' by James W. Covington.

The article presents a literature review that discusses the importance of American Indian linguistics. It also presents a summary of the state of description and comparative work for each linguistics family. It presents a classification of American Indian linguistics as well as the role of various language families and the interrelationships among postulated families. Though space limitations have dictated a narrowly linguistic concern in this literature and the ethnographic semantics are omitted, possible wider relationships of the families and classifications were still discussed.

A systematic theory of the nature of suburban social structure within an organizational frame of reference is subjected to an empirical test. Major hypotheses derived from the general theory were supported by the analysis. A methodological contribution was achieved by combining analysis of census data with analysis of sample survey data. A chain of relationships between social structure and politics has been demonstrated through interposition of organizational theory between the regularities of mass data at the census tract level and of individual data at the sample survey level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sociology in and of China. In the general history of social sciences it is assumed that the marriage between sociology and anthropology comes late, having been preceded by a long courtship. China does not fit this pattern. Almost as soon as social sciences were established there anthropology and sociology were intertwined, to be disentangled in a strange way when Communists arrived. To avoid a tedious recitation of evidence just one witness is called upon, a scholar whose later career in the U.S. makes his testimony underline the Chinese paradox. Writing in China in 1944 Francis L.K. Hsu has said in this paper that the word sociology is used synonymously with the term social anthropology. It is customary to date the beginning of sociology in China by the publication of Yen Fu's translation of two chapters of "The Study of Sociology" in 1898. Later a few original works were produced in Chinese and courses of instruction were introduced in universities, it was not until about the 1920s that sociological investigations of any great weight began to be made.

The article presents information on literature on sociology published in various periodicals. The French periodical "La Science Sociale" for July is the record of L'EcoIe des Roches for 1910-11, with illustrations. The French periodical "La Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale" for July is a special number, giving a full account of the Fourth International Philosophy Conference, held at Bologna in April last. Over 350 members were present. Among these England, America and even Germany were under-represented but the French delegates did full justice to the gatherings and played a notably brilliant part in the proceedings. The paper "Le razze umane e il sentimento di superiorit&sgrave; etnica" by E. Morselli, is suggested by the Questionnaire of the Universal Races Congress held in London. The author admits that Anthropology is today in a state of decadence which he qualifies as "premature" and that its autonomy is threatened. He hopes that the Congress may remedy this but the event has hardly justified him.

Extreme emphasis on style as a deference entitlement appears historically as a central feature of distinctive aesthetic cultural patterns The dimensions of social aestheticism are developed and illustrated in the present paper as part of a case study of the Regency milieu of Beau Brummell the main figure of the dandy movement. To account for this pattern, and to suggest the conditions under which style enter into deference processes the relationship between style and social structure is treated in terms of a theory of structural crystallization and decrystallization. Arguing that emphases on style are symptoms of the malintegration of culture and social structure, styles are examined as products of a market which generates demand for new models of social behavior. Decrystallization or structural loss in networks it seen to produce disjunction or lack of fit between prevailing cultural models and the actual structure of networks, producing this market for new model Special attention it directed to the phenomena of celebrity and social decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper will be an analysis of Dutch social structure, particularly in one of its key dimensions: the overall importance of religious institutions and ideologies. It will be argued that, in contradistinction to developments in most other comparable industrial societies, religious institutions and ideologies occupy a central place in the social structure of the Netherlands. Dutch social structure, is best characterized in terms of vertical columnization or vertical pluralism called verzuiling--which does not have a direct English equivalent. Pluralistic societies elsewhere are usually characterized by linguistic, racial and political lines of division in addition to those of religious ideology. Religious distinctions result in a division of institutions and activities into Catholic, Protestant and humanistic/neutral columns of social organization. Perhaps, however, the most striking evidence of non-differentiation of religious influence can be seen in the field of labor relations and politics.

The article presents information on the Fifth Annual Baguio Religious Acculturation Conference, held in December 1961 in Philippines. The purpose of the conference was to implement the suggestions for program content received at the close of the 1960 conference. The evaluation of the 1960 conference had indicated unanimous approval of the social science emphasis in those meetings. But there was also agreement on the desirability of having more papers by missionaries on actual field problems regarding local religion. In his paper on Philippine values, professor Jaime Bulatao presented the benefit of his training as a practicing clinical psychologist. Another paper was presented by James N. Anderson, who is an anthropologist and has been in the Philippines as a Ford Foundation Fellow, studying land tenancy and social structure in a barrio of Pangasinan. The author feels indebted to the Asia Foundation for a modest but crucial grant for travel assistance for some of the conference participants. He also extends his gratitude to the journal "Philippine Sociological Review," for offering the pages of the journal to publish the conference proceedings.