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The objectives of this paper have been developed on the assumption that the functional effectiveness of a state varies spatially within its own territorial limits. The case of West Pakistan has been considered. An attempt has been made to distinguish the areas of varying degree of functional effectiveness in West Pakistan and thus to provide a framework for a more realistic understanding of the functional relationship of a state with the various parts of its territory. The concept implies that the area is culturally homogeneous, and is used here to measure the administrative- economic quality of a given area. The basic criteria employed are a) the density of population and b) density of transportation lines. The ecumene (the effective state area) has been delimited as that part of the total area which provides economic support to most of its inhabitants. The remaining portion of the state has been termed extra-ecumerical." The ecumene has been classified into minimally effective area, intensively effective area, is more, and the core area. The intensively effective area is more densely populated ( 100 persons to the square mile) and has a closer mesh of transportation lines (each part lies within five miles of a motorable road or railroad station. Additional measures of agricultural productivity, intensity of market potential, magnitude of manufacturing, and the degree of urbanization have been used to locate the core area which is depicted as the Lahore-Lyallpur axis Karachi, because of its nonagricultural base, falls short of the measures of a core area and has been termed the "sub-core." Thus it has been found that there are observable disparities of functional effectiveness in West Pakistan.

This paper examines the agricultural tenure system of East Pakistan and how it has contributed to or impeded the growth of productivity in that province. Improvements in the system may raise productivity if the tenure system is the only impediment withholding growth of output in agriculture. At the same time it has to be realized that the tenure system is merely a part of the multifarious forces impeding or promoting growth in output. The economy of East Pakistan is based primarily on agriculture. Ninety per cent of the people live in rural areas and earn their living directly or indirectly from agriculture. The population is increasing at the rate of 3% per annum and the population density of 1000 people per square mile is one of the highest in the world. The per capita land allocation is half an acre. The level of education is very low with 78.5 per cent of the people illiterate. Jute and tea grown in East Pakistan account for the bulk of Pakistan's export earnings. The fundamental problem, therefore, is one of finding ways and means by which the peasants receive the incentive to produce surplus of food and fibers over and above their own consumption.