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The article evaluates one facet of the interpersonal dimension of affect. It was hypothesized that one member of a two-person group behaving as a highly emotional individual would influence the affective and cognitive behavior of the other member. More specifically, roles displaying positive emotion will result in higher scores on intellectual tasks, more favorable evaluations of the role-player, and more positive self-reported feelings during the experiment than will roles displaying negative emotion. The subjects were 32 female students recruited from psychology classes in two adjoining universities. Preliminary analyses of the data for the several response measures revealed that there were no significant differences between the two positive emotional conditions or between the two negative emotional conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to make certain comparisons of white and Negro mental patients in Georgia within seven selected mental disorder categories. The seven clinical categories of disorders used as a basis for these inter-racial comparisons were as follows: senile psychoses; psychoses with cerebral arteriosclerosis; general paralysis; psychoses with cerebral syphilis; manic-depressive psychoses; dementia praecox psychoses; all clinical groups, i.e., all mental disorders of every inclusive groups are inevitably looser in their organization. They may be divided into two main classes according to whether the position of the officers is nominal, or whether the activities of the organization are chiefly carried on by the officers and board of directors. In fact, in the latter class are to be found some so-called groups in which the directors reelect each other and the members are merely contributors and supporters, as is commonly the case in many philanthropic and charitable organizations.

The article cites a study that examines the genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia through twin and family studies. One development being tackled in the paper is the study of a large sample of schizophrenic twins in a non-Western culture. A register of all twins seen at the Medical Research Council's Psychiatric Genetics Unit of the Maudsley and Bethlehem Royal Joint Hospital in London, England has been kept from 1948 onwards. Based on 16 years' consecutive admissions to out-patient facilities, the need to make better provision for cases with a good prognosis than previous schizophrenic twin samples is concluded.

The article examines the diagnostic validity of the most common signs and symptoms of psychopathology. The article represents an effort to determine the degree to which traditional judgments of the diagnostic significance of six major cues to disordered consciousness, judgments set forth in detail elsewhere accord with actual data from the observed behavior of 924 psychiatric patients. The complex of symptoms of disordered consciousness--confusion, clouding of consciousness and stupor--represents one of the very few sets of psychopathologic cues about which most experienced diagnosticians agree.

An abstract of the article "Longitudinal Studies of Diurnal Variations in Depression: A Sample of 643 Patient Days," by F. Stallone, G. J. Huba, W. G. Lawlor and R. R. Fieve is presented. The paper studies the diurnal patterns of depressive symptoms in 10 depressed patients in hospital for a total of 643 days. It is shown that diurnal fluctuations are not stable but change from day to day.

The article focuses on the research paper "Pruritus in Melancholia," by Kenneth C.S. Edwards, which was published in a 1954 issue of the "British Medical Journal." It informs that pruritus may be secondary to melancholia and can rightly be regarded as a symptom of it.

Explores several relationships between depression and gastrointestinal disease. Frequency of depression in medical categories; Definition of the provisional diagnosis of depression; Symptoms that portray a pervasive syndrome of distress.

Presents study which compared psychoneurotic and psychosomatic abdominal pain. Difference between psychoneurotic and psychosomatic symptoms; Importance of distinguishing the types of abdominal pain to efficiently treat the illness; Discrepancy in the emotions of patients with psychoneurotic and psychosomatic abdominal pain.

The article presents a study, which investigates the clinical validity of the Watson-Fisher Inventory of Affective Tolerance. The study has been made in order to determine the value of the inventory in detecting those individuals who need help with regard to affective problems. The results of the study demonstrate that male students, who are found to need assistance in regard to affective problems through the medium of a Student Personnel Bureau of one of the large metropolitan colleges, score significantly lower on the Inventory of Affective Tolerance than those needing assistance in regard to other matters. A critical score of 100 for male subjects on the inventory is suggested and evidence presented to support its use. An item analysis showed that the individual items discriminated between the Affective Problem Groups and the Control Group although in varying degrees. It is considered that the results found lend support to the belief that the concept of affective tolerance is useful and valid.

The article reports on a experiment, to test an hypothesis derived from a structural theory of attitude change. This theory is based upon the conceptual delineation of two major components of the structure of an attitude, namely the affective and cognitive components. The affective component is defined as the pattern of feeling regularly aroused by the psychological presence of the attitude object. The cognitive component is defined as the set of beliefs about the value-attaining and value-blocking powers of the attitude object viewed as an instrumental agency. Attitudinal affective-cognitive inconsistency was produced in 11 hypnotic experiments through the use of post-hypnotic suggestions of affect reversal. The experiments showed significantly more change in both their affects and beliefs about the attitude objects involved than did 11 control experiments not subjected to posthypnotic suggestion. These and other findings were interpreted as confirming certain aspects, and as consistent with other aspects, of a structural theory of attitude dynamics.

The article reports on a study of the diagnostic validity of nineteen common signs and symptoms of affective psychopathology. It represents an effort to determine the degree to which traditional judgements of the diagnostic significance of these diagnostic cues, judgements taken from a recent systems analysis of the diagnostic process, which were briefly summarized, were supported by actual observation and description of the psychological behavior of 924 patients. It is illuminating to view abnormal affective behavior as two orthogonal continua, the first extending from abject despair and utter dejection to euphoria and elation, the second from continuous high tension and anxiety.

The article discusses the effects of small group isolation on levels of depression, anxiety, and hostility in the U.S. The examination of research in the area of social confinement has showed mixed results and a wide latitude of settings and measures. The effects of 55 hours of confinement on the 5 member group were examined. The subjects were restricted to the small, austere room, receiving no physical or verbal outside contact. The lack of structure in daily routine and activities for the subjects was discussed as relevant to the increase across emotional area scales.

The article discusses the possible implications of using the concept of hostility and aggression on short-term counseling. According to the author, experts have long contended that hostility and aggression is part of the human fundamental reaction resulting from frustration, however, not much has been known of its application as a counseling technique. An overview of two cases involving two students suffering from depression and extreme dissatisfaction, respectively, as a result of repressed hostility are discussed. Moreover, a discussion on the possible reasons why the use of hostility and aggression as a counseling technique has not been sufficiently investigated is also presented, which may include failure on the part of the counselor to remain objective.