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2. The Rich and Mikesell Papers.
- Author
-
Gibson, William E.
- Subjects
EUROCURRENCY market ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
The article comments on the perspective of professors Georg Rich and Raymond F. Mikesell on the operations of the Eurodollar market using different perspectives in Europe. The author explains that the work of Rich and Mikesell makes the point that Eurodollar volume and rates are determined simultaneously with the United States balance of payments, foreward exchange premiums, and other international financial variables. It is the author's belief that Rich and Mikesell do not adequately handle this issue in their paper. The author presents several criticisms of the works.
- Published
- 1972
3. Comments On Warriner's Paper.
- Author
-
Turk, Austin
- Subjects
SOCIAL development ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
The article comments on the paper related to social development in the Philippines. The author of the paper had neglected the vast body of European and American study of and in both Western and non-Western societies. Even though it is justifiable that conceptualization and methodology must be developed in relation to the particular "time-space characteristics" of the research situation, it not justifiable to adopt some as yet undeveloped and essentially unknown "new" theory. The author of the paper had discarded too lightly the enormous experience of "Western" social scientists in observation and interpretive analysis of socio-cultural patterns ranging from the most "scared" to the most nearly "secular." The use of scientific experience remains the most powerful intellectual guide which man has yet devised. The de-emphasis of "quantitativism" in favor of field and problem-oriented study is vitally necessary. The author of the paper easy slip into the concretistic error of assuming that the historical peculiarities of Philippine societal development require unique interpretive tools.
- Published
- 1961
4. The great neglect: the fate of Mendel's classic paper between 1865 and 1900.
- Author
-
Posner E and Skutil J
- Subjects
- Europe, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, United States, Famous Persons, Genetics history, Manuscripts as Topic history
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Netherlands: A plain paper copier to challenge Xerox.
- Subjects
COPYING machines ,ECONOMIC competition ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
The article reports that Dutch company Océ-van der Grinten is optimistic that its 1700 plain paper copier can successfully compete against Xerox Corp. in the global copier market. Aside from launching the said product in the U.S., the company is also focused on developing more faster copiers in the future. Incoming company president J. J. Kaptein believes that the copier technology developed by the firm is better compared to the Xerox copier system. Details about the product marketing strategy of the film in Europe and in the U.S. are described.
- Published
- 1973
6. DISCUSSION.
- Author
-
AUTEN, JOHN H.
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,INTERNATIONAL finance ,MONEY market ,BANK loans - Abstract
The article comments on the papers "The Changing Role of U.S. Banks in International Financing," by George H. Chittenden, "The International Money Market: Structure, Scope and Instruments," by Fred H. Klopstock, and "The Integration of European Capital Markets," by Oscar L. Altman, all published within the issue. The author looks at changes occurring in European capital markets, international money markets, and commercial bank lending. The movement toward better organized markets for long-term capital in Western Europe is discussed.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. DISCUSSION.
- Author
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KINDLEBERGER, C. P.
- Subjects
COST ,CRITICISM - Abstract
The article presents a conference paper in response to another paper published in this same issue titled "Cost of the Marshall Plan to the United States," by Seymour E. Harris. The author notes that Harris may not have had the advantage of reading the 240 page report containing the U.S. President Harry Truman's proposals for European recovery. The author considers the role of financial measures in economic recovery, stabilization loans, and the validity of the cost estimates of the Plan.
- Published
- 1948
8. COST OF THE MARSHALL PLAN TO THE UNITED STATES.
- Author
-
HARRIS, SEYMOUR E.
- Subjects
COST ,UNITED States economy, 1945- ,INCOME ,PRICE inflation - Abstract
A conference paper discussing the cost of the Marshall Plan to the U.S. is presented. The author notes the estimates given by the Committee on European Economic Cooperation (CEEC) for the Economic Recovery Program, which claim that the cost to the U.S. would be $22.4 billion. The author expresses concern that this estimate may be low. The author considers income and payments for European recovery, the Marshall Plan and inflation, inflation and commodity markets, and U.S. budgetary problems.
- Published
- 1948
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. WHAT CAN EUROPE DO FOR ITSELF?
- Author
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HOOVER, CALVIN B.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC stabilization ,POST-World War II Period ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,UNITED States politics & government, 1945-1953 ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
In asking the question, "what can Europe do for itself?" in recovering and rebuilding after World War II, the article presents a conference paper that addresses information from the "General Report of the Committee of European Economic Cooperation." The author summarizes the European position into one: increase production. The author considers whether the goals outlined are attainable and what that will mean, discussing food, coal, electrical power, oil refinement, and steel production.
- Published
- 1948
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Will Europe Lure It Back?
- Subjects
INVESTORS ,LIQUIDATION ,STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
The article discusses concerns among U.S. stock market experts about whether European investors might cash in their paper profits and remove their funds out of the U.S. Figures show that stock holdings by foreign investors in the U.S. are worth approximately 4.7 billion dollars in 1954, and some feel that a quick liquidation of the stocks would have major repercussions in the stock market. Analysts also express their concern that the industrial growth in Europe might prompt European investors to move their money there.
- Published
- 1954
11. THE EURO-DOLLAR MULTIPLIER.
- Author
-
LEE, BOYDEN E.
- Subjects
EUROCURRENCY market ,MULTIPLIER (Economics) ,MONEY market ,BANKING industry ,FINANCE ,CAPITAL - Abstract
The volume of literature on the credit-creating powers of the Euro-dollar market, although small, is growing. This paper contends that the stock of net Euro-dollar deposits (E[sub n]) can be expressed as the product of a Euro-dollar base (B) and a Euro-dollar multiplier (k). As in domestic models, the terms of the multiplier reflect asset choices of the sectors reflected by them. A parallel between the flow of funds within the Euro-dollar market and most domestic banking systems exists. Except that no single institution serves as a Euro-dollar central bank, the two systems are highly comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL INTEREST RATES: AN EXTENSION OF HENDERSHOTT'S TESTS.
- Author
-
KWACK, SUNG Y.
- Subjects
INTEREST rates ,EUROCURRENCY market ,TREASURY bills ,EQUILIBRIUM - Abstract
The article expands upon the results derived in a paper by Patric Hendershott, "The Structure of International Interest Rates: The U.S. Treasury Bill Rate and the Eurodollar Deposit Rate," which appeared in the September, 1967 edition of the "Journal of Finance." In that paper Hendershott contended that the equilibrium Eurodollar rate is determined primarily by the three-month U.S. Treasury bill rate. The author of the current paper extends Hendershott's work by examining the impact on the Eurodollar rate of both foreign and short-term U.S. rates. His results are in agreement with Hendershott's.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. DISCUSSION.
- Author
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JOHNSON, NORRIS O.
- Subjects
CAPITAL market ,FINANCIAL institutions ,BANKING industry ,LOANS - Abstract
The article comments on the papers "The Changing Role of U.S. Banks in International Financing," by George H. Chittenden, "The International Money Market: Structure, Scope and Instruments," by Fred H. Klopstock, and "The Integration of European Capital Markets," by Oscar L. Altman, all published within the issue. The author looks at changes occurring in European capital markets, international money markets, and commercial bank lending. The shortage of international liquidity is discussed. The author feels that broadened exchange controls among major countries are not as effective as simply remaining solvent.
- Published
- 1965
14. Organization Structures of Multinational Corporations.
- Author
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Schollhammer, Hans
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,CORPORATE culture ,INDUSTRIAL management ,CORPORATE headquarters ,FOREIGN subsidiaries ,FOREIGN partnerships - Abstract
This paper is concerned with an analysis of similarities and differences in the organization structure of multinational corporations based in the United States and four European countries. The empirical investigation focused on companies operating under similar contextual constraints. Five dimensions of structural characteristics were examined: (1) basic organizational orientation, (2) structure of the relationships between the corporate headquarters and its foreign operating units, (3) the degree of centralization/decentralization, (4) the standardization of procedures, and (5) organizational flexibility. The results of the survey reveal certain similarities, but they also reveal significant variations in the organization structure of multinational firms of different national origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. He's building a business bridge.
- Subjects
INVESTORS ,BUSINESS planning ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article reports on the move of Italian financiers Michele Sindona of buying two major companies in the U.S. It notes that Sindona bought 10% of the stock of the food company MeNeill & Libby and major stock of the New Hampshire-based paper producer Brown Co. According to Sindona, the purchase is gearing towards building a business relationship between Europe and the U.S.
- Published
- 1964
16. Money and the Markets.
- Subjects
STOCK exchanges ,STOCK prices ,PROFIT margins ,LABOR costs ,WAR - Abstract
The article discusses the events in the U.S. stock market for the week ending October 23, 1937 where the market decline was broken as bargain hunters and speculators lapped up shares at low prices and buyers continued to sell. It reviews the stock market fall which started in the middle of August and discusses the reasons which precipitated the decline. Reasons cited included the accumulation of commodity stock inventory, the decline in profit margins as a result of higher costs of labor and raw materials and threats of war in Europe and the Orient.
- Published
- 1937
17. A Place for Small Foreign Cars.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE industry workers ,COMPACT cars ,SALES reporting ,GEOGRAPHICAL positions ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
The article reports on the decision of several automobile companies in the U.S. to get involved in small car market in 1957. It states that the move is caused by the continuous decline of their sales since 1938 due to the launch of cheaper-to-operate cars from Europe. According to George Romney, president of American Motors Corp., the different geographical aspects, raw materials and restrictive taxes between the U.S. and Europe triggered the former's low market performance.
- Published
- 1957
18. NOTES AND MEMORANDA.
- Author
-
Williams, H.M. and Mangin, Arthur
- Subjects
ECONOMIC history ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,TRANSPORTATION ,ECONOMIC policy ,REPRODUCTION of money, documents, etc. ,TRADE regulation - Abstract
This article presents information on several papers and memorandums related to economic conditions in various countries. The Parliamentary documents for 1886 will contain a good deal of evidence of the increasing uneasiness as to the condition and prospects of the foreign trade of England. A Blue Book has been issued, giving the rates of duty levied on imports by the different European countries and the United States; and a second is to give the duties levied by the British colonies, these returns being on the plan of the similar documents published in 1882. The Commission on the Depression of Trade have also collected and published reports from the English consuls, showing the impediments to British trade in the different countries. Another snippet reports that the opening of fertile wheat lands in the United States, and the cheap transportation of grain to Europe have had an influence not only on England and Ireland, but on France, Germany, and Russia. French and German legislation has been invoked to protect the farmer. But now an interesting movement is in progress among the Russian peasants, by which the former serfs are becoming separated from the land. At the time of the emancipation of the serfs, Russia controlled the wheat markets of Western Europe; while the prices of agricultural products were high, and even rising.
- Published
- 1886
19. EUROPEAN RECOVERY AND THE PROBLEMS AHEAD.
- Author
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Bissell, Richard M. and Jr.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC policy ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,ECONOMIC reform ,UNITED States economy ,POLITICAL planning ,FINANCIAL crises ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
The progress of European recovery has been anything but steady since the winter of 1946-1947. It moved forward rapidly in 1948 and the very beginning of 1949, but the U.S. recession in the summer of 1949 set Europe back sharply. Indexes of production were stagnant or declining in most of Europe during that summer. It looked as if what was originally conceived as a largely physical task of expanding agricultural and industrial production had already, at a much earlier stage than anticipated, encountered the problem of inadequate markets for the output that could be produced. The setback was climaxed by the devaluation of sterling in September and devaluations of practically all other European currencies that followed immediately in its wake. This paper is concerned with the economic state of Europe now and in the near future, it contains certain views which may have a wider application in time and in space. It is written in the belief that there are lessons to be learned from current European experience which have quite general significance for economic policy, public and private, here as well as in Europe. As the title of this paper suggests, it is intended as an essay in political economy rather than in pure economics or economic theory.
- Published
- 1952
20. INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the outlook for U.S. foreign policy. U.S. position for a Pacific Union is explained in relation to priority given to Europe. Decisions subsequent to the release of the China White Paper are presented together with suggestions from Great Britain for order in Southeast Asia. Plans of the International Monetary Fund to restore drawing rights to Marshall Plan countries are examined as well as the signs of solid prosperity in France. The effect of the Commonwealth agreement on trade between India and Great Britain are also evaluated.
- Published
- 1949
21. PATTERNS OF HOUSING EXPERIENCE DURING PERIODS OF CREDIT RESTRAINT IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES.
- Author
-
FISHER, ROBERT MOORE and SIEGMAN, CHARLES J.
- Subjects
REAL property ,HOUSING ,BUILDING permits ,RESIDENTIAL real estate - Abstract
Declines in private housing production during periods of credit restraint have been widely publicized in the United States. Four such downturns have been recorded in the past decade and a half--in 1955-57, 1959-60, 1965-66, and 1969-70. A variety of measures have been adopted or recommended during recent years in an effort to lessen the disproportionately heavy impact of credit restraint on the private housing sector. Other measures have been offered to minimize the need for, or reliance on, credit restraint. Credit-affected downturns in private housing starts or residential building permits, however, are far from endemic to the United States alone. They have taken place since the mid-1950's in Canada and certain West European countries as well. Canada has recorded four cases; Belgium and Switzerland each has had three, Germany and Great Britain two each, and Italy one. In most if not all of these cases, private residential construction has been affected more severely by credit restraint than other major branches of the economy. Omitted from discussion are still other cases, as in Sweden and France, where the scope of public involvement in the housing sector has minimized the analytical significance of "private" housing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Some Variations in Accounting Practices in England, France, Germany and the United States.
- Author
-
Hatfield, Henry Rand
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,BOOKKEEPING ,FINANCIAL statements ,BUSINESS records - Abstract
The article compares the varying accounting methods of Europe and the U.S. There has been a more definite effort in European countries to regulate accounting practice through direct legislation than in the U.S. However, leading corporations in the U.S. have financial statements that are clearer and more orderly than those of corporations in Europe despite a lack in regulatory legislation for accounting practices. The U.S. is making progress in regulating accounting practice with the regulations prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. When Should A Company Manufacture Abroad?
- Author
-
Buffa, Elwood S. and Bogardy, Alexander E.
- Subjects
WAGES ,INDUSTRIAL costs ,LABOR productivity ,LABOR costs ,AMERICAN business enterprises ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,CONTRACTING out ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article presents a comparison of the United States and European wages, costs and productivity and explains how and when it can be profitable for a U.S.-based business to manufacture abroad, and often it may be more profitable to manufacture at home. Several newspaper articles referencing the low wages paid to European workers and their rapidly rising productive efficiency are cited as examples indicating that the United States may be pricing itself out of competitive markets. Comparisons of industrial costs for United States and foreign businesses are made, including comparisons of wage levels, labor costs, and productivity.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Toward a New Approach in Regional Economic Policy.
- Author
-
Hansen, Niles M.
- Subjects
REGIONAL economics ,SOCIAL justice ,ECONOMIC activity ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
The article focuses on regional economic development in American and European continent. The questions of social justice in the distributions of the fruits of economic progress are as important and as difficult in terms of regions as in terms of social classes. The question of whether or not the federal government ought to influence the location of economic activity has long been bypassed by government participation in our mixed economy on a scale, which inevitably has important regional consequences. It is undoubtedly in recognition of this phenomenon that important efforts already have been made to give the government a creative role in the solution of regional problems. Nevertheless, these efforts are not yet commensurate with the difficulties posed by lagging regions and congested metropolitan areas. This paper has proposed a number of operationally feasible approaches to the tasks, which remain in the quest for optimal spatial resource allocation from a social point of view. While they do not pretend to indicate final solutions, they are at least conceived on a scale consistent with the issues involved.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
- Author
-
Scitovsky, Tibor
- Subjects
BOOKS ,MONOPOLIES ,COMPETITION ,TRADE regulation ,COMMERCIAL crimes - Abstract
This article presents information on the book "Monopoly and Competition and Their Regulation. Papers and Proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association," edited by E.H. Chamberlin. Monopoly and competition have been a widely discussed topic among economists. The eight articles in this book that describe the state of competition in eight different countries in Europe and the U.S. are as different as is the statistical information available in these countries. The book contains a statement of the issues involved, accounts of the empirical information available, appraisals of various attempts to deal with the monopoly problem, and restatements of most of the important approaches and ideas in the field. It is not surprising that several of the articles condemn competition, both as a form of market organization and as a theoretical standard to judge the performance of an economy. The difference between American and European efficiency is mostly due to a difference in technological efficiency. Efficiency is relevant to many contemporary economic problems, among them the problem of economic growth.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Personal Discrimination in Transportation: A European Technique.
- Author
-
Carter, J. P.
- Subjects
TRANSPORTATION ,TRANSPORTATION policy ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,TRANSPORTATION laws ,GOVERNMENT ownership of railroads ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business - Abstract
Following the restrictive phase of transportation regulation induced by the depression, with its limitations on entry and on competitive pricing, the interest in transport regulation has now swung somewhat in the other direction. It is the purpose of this paper to indicate how some of the same problems have been handled in other countries. For the problem raised by new technologies in transport, upsetting the old railway monopoly, is almost universal. While technological progress in the U.S. has been outstanding, U.S. institutions have maintained an ambivalent attitude. Some continental countries have shown flexibility in adapting their attitudes and institutions to the changed situation. European practice may contain useful lessons for people in the U.S. The standard solution to the problem of growing competition which new technologies present to traditional transport, adopted in the United States and many other countries, has been to impose restrictive handicaps on the new technologies. In the United States, the certificate of public convenience and necessity has been used to restrict the entry of new management into transportation.
- Published
- 1957
27. Marital Power in France, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the United States: A Cross-National Discussion.
- Author
-
Rodman, Hyman
- Subjects
HUSBANDS ,FAMILY power ,ACADEMIC achievement ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,FAMILY conflict ,FAMILY relations ,SPOUSES' legal relationship ,MARITAL relations - Abstract
Comparative data on marital power structure for the United States, France, Greece, and Yugoslavia are discussed. Data on the United States and France show a positive association between husband's authority score and such variables as husband's educational status, occupational status, and income; data on Greece and Yugoslavia show a negative association on these variables. The contradictory findings are used to elaborate a ‘theory of resources in cultural context’—the distribution of marital power is seen to result from the interaction of (1) comparative resources of husband and wife and (2) cultural or subcultural expectations about the distribution of marital power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. EUROPEAN MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE LABOR SUPPLY AND DEMAND.
- Author
-
Wilkinson, Maurice
- Subjects
LABOR mobility ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,LABOR supply ,EMPLOYMENT ,WORLD War I - Abstract
This paper examines the economic factors which partially explain the movements in this flow of labor from Europe to the U.S. in the period 1870-1914. Aggregate labor demand and supply functions are discussed and combined into a migration model. The paper offers both an examination of an important period in economic history and a further test of available aggregate demand and supply models for labor. The results suggest that aggregate demand and supply functions for labor derived from neoclassical production and consumer theory may be fruitfully applied to the analysis of the economic determinants of migration. European migration to the U.S. prior to World War I was significantly influenced by both employment opportunities in the particular European country, and the gain in real income to be achieved by migration to the U.S. Employment opportunities in the U.S., as distinct from the higher real wages, was of much less significance. Differences in the migrant stock between the European countries may also underlay variation in the level of migration to the United States.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND POWER: POWER IN THE FIRM AND POWER OF THE FIRM.
- Author
-
Marenco, Claudine
- Subjects
INFORMATION science ,ORGANIZATION ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,STRATEGIC planning ,BUSINESS enterprises ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
This article presents a reprint of the paper "L'informatique etlepouvoir: Pouvoir dans l'entreprise et pouvoir de l'entreprise," that was published in the May 1972 issue of the periodical "Informatique et Gestion." A brief recall of the most recent concepts on the functioning of organizations will allow the potential implications of informatics for the distribution of power in a company to be better understood and will clarify the reactions of the cadres in this regard. Specialists on business administration and sociologists specializing in organizations have conducted studies in the United States and in Western Europe that have led to a company no longer being considered as a supra-individual entity, having an existence and a behavior independent of that of its members and capable to this extent of being explained and governed by referring to purely formal models. They have likewise demonstrated that a company can no longer be conceived of only as the network of interpersonal relationships--irrational and charged with affectivity--to which the theoreticians of human relations thought it could be reduced. Instead, an organization can more realistically be considered the resultant of strategic games carried out as a function of multiple, divergent, and indeed contradictory goals by the organizational actors and as a function of their adherence to a minimum of common norms.
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Some Approaches and Problems in the Study of the Use of Services—An Overview.
- Author
-
McKinlay, John B.
- Subjects
MEDICAL care use ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIAL medicine ,PUBLIC welfare - Abstract
A selective systematic overview is provided of the literature on the utilization of health and welfare services that appeared in the United States and Europe, mainly within the last two decades. Methodological questions that appear to characterize much of the work to date, are discussed and analytically distinct approaches or research strategies in the study of utilization behavior are presented. The paper traces the emergence of work in this area, questions the wisdom of investigators proceeding along traditional research lines, and highlights a number of promising new possibilities for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. After Imperialism.
- Author
-
Sumberg, Theodore A.
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,CIVIL war ,RELIGION ,WAR ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
The article reports on nationalism in United States. There are scores of new States in Asia and Africa that are trying to set up free societies. It is a "new birth of freedom" on a grand scale. It is in fact freedom's greatest test, for it involves the older free regimes of Europe and the United States. If truth counts over charity, then one must point out that the new States will fail, if not all, then all but a few. Some are already succumbing to the initial perils of liberty that the last paper of the Federalist warned Americans against: "anarchy, civil war, a perpetual alienation of the States from each other, and perhaps the military despotism of a victorious demagogue." The real wonder is in believing that national unity could ever arise in freedom among the many units that nowadays arrogate to themselves the name of nation. They are nations only to the map maker. Many are areas marked off only for colonial administrative convenience; some have dozens, even hundreds, of languages, several antagonistic religions; a still uncounted welter of tribes living in mutual ignorance or traditional war; and above all there stands the great gulf between the village primitive and the urban modern.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Business Abroad.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,SPEECHES, addresses, etc. ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The article offers world business new briefs as of March 13, 1937. The Washington Birthday speech of U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union William Christian Bullitt in Paris, France in which he expressed his country's sympathy for free nations stirred Europe, but was censored in Germany. A German paper editorial warns of the country's eventual opening of the way to Asia Minor and the creation of a southeastern economic block. The Leon Blum government in France is liberalizing its financial policies due to Radical Socialist pressure.
- Published
- 1937
33. What's in a Name?
- Subjects
FUR garments ,HIDES & skins - Abstract
The article focuses on the growing business of inexpensive and chemically treated shorn sheep pelts and luxury fur in the U.S. and Europe. It mentions that several fur dealers and companies including Motty Eitingon and Jose B. Calva have patented plasticizing process and licensed garment manufacturers to use it for producing fur coats. It further discusses the work and profile of Eitingon.
- Published
- 1946
34. Nazi Counterdrive Unlimbered.
- Subjects
MILITARY assistance ,WORLD War II ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article discusses World War II developments as the first successful German counterdrive in four months in Russia's Donets Basin has reportedly overshadowed weakening Russian advances in Smolensk in 1943. It describes the Red Army successes in the Dnieper River, allegedly accumulating rewards in tanks, trains and troops. It talks about the impending offensives promised in Western Europe, the maneuvers of airpower and land troops against Japanese assaults in the Pacific, and the perceived end of the war in North Africa with the coming of Allied Forces.
- Published
- 1943
35. PRESIDENT'S LETTER.
- Author
-
Dale, Ernest
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT ,EDUCATION ,20TH century economic conditions in Europe ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,AMERICAN business enterprises ,INDUSTRIAL management - Abstract
The article presents a letter from the President of the Academy of Management regarding the differences in education, research, development, and management between Europe and the U.S. The article discusses the views of Jean-Jacques Sevan Schreiber, author of the book "Le Defi Americain," who predicts that by 1980 the three greatest industrial areas in the world will be the U.S., the USSR, and U.S. business investment in Europe. The author gives suggestions on how Europe can close the gap with the U.S. in education, technology, and management.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. READERS REPORT.
- Author
-
Eckstein, Otto, Lurch, J. F., and Swanson, Andrew P.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,ECONOMIC development ,GROWTH industries - Abstract
Letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including an article which opposed the Joint Economic Committee Staff's report which stated that the U.S. economic growth is slow in the June 4, 1960 issue, "In Europe, "The Perks" Add Up" in the August 13, 1960 issue and "Rhode Island Goes After Growth Industries in the July 30, 1960 issue.
- Published
- 1960
37. Eurobonds get a young brother.
- Subjects
TERM loans ,BUSINESS enterprises ,EUROBOND market ,FINANCIAL markets ,CREDIT - Abstract
The article reports on the engagement of subsidiaries of U.S. companies and other business borrowers in Europe in medium-term dollar loans. This international financial market is expected to fill the gap in credit between short-term European dollar loans and long-term Eurobond issues. Some of these medium-term banks include Belgium's Société General de Banque, Holland's Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank and Germany's Deutsche Bank.
- Published
- 1967
38. Rushing to span the globe.
- Subjects
AMERICAN business enterprises ,FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,PETROLEUM industry ,MANUFACTURED products ,ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
The article discusses the plans of the U.S. to increase investments abroad as it sees fast growth in foreign markets. The biggest increase since 1957 is the 4.5 billion U.S. dollars that will be invested by petroleum and manufacturing companies overseas. Reasons for the expected increase in overseas investments include the continuing growth in Europe that is strengthening the markets for basic commodities, U.S. companies with more cash to spend abroad and the anti-inflation move leaving European companies in need of more capital.
- Published
- 1964
39. Chips are down in fight over trade.
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE hearings ,BUSINESS - Abstract
The article focuses on hearings on more liberal trade at the U.S. House Ways and Means Committee. Commerce Secretary Luther H. Hodges presented his testimony on the need for the U.S. for new authority to negotiate with the European Economic Community. Testimonies on other aspects of the bill were also presented including the international political aspect of a strong trading alliance between the U.S. and Europe to confront the Communist bloc.
- Published
- 1962
40. Why Europe's bankers back U. S.
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,BALANCE of payments - Abstract
The article reports that central bankers in Europe have decided to support the balance-of-payments program of U.S. President Lyndon Johnson that is designed to restore confidence on the U.S. dollar. The bankers resolved to go with the U.S. program partly due to the worry that the U.S. might resort to more drastic measures, such as severing the link to gold. For business people, the decision means the international monetary system will be preserved.
- Published
- 1968
41. War News Stirs Commodities.
- Subjects
WORLD War II ,STOCK prices ,COMMERCIAL products ,STOCK exchanges ,BOND market - Abstract
The article reports on the impact of the news about the European war on the prices of commodities and stocks in 1940. It cites products that score good gains despite such news including metals, rubber and wheat. It presents charts that show the conditions of the stock and bond markets in the U.S. from 1939 to 1940.
- Published
- 1940
42. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1899-1900. Volume 1
- Author
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Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
The Commissioner of Education's introduction in volume 1 provides data and discussion on school and college total enrollment, common schools, average schooling amount per U.S. inhabitant, British India's public schools, truant schools, Puerto Rican schools, U.S. educational extension, sociology and education at the Paris Exposition, introduction of reindeer into Alaska, city school systems, higher education, law student increase, land-grant colleges, secondary schools, education of the colored race, and education in Central Europe, Great Britain, the Philippines, Cuba, Hawaii, and Samoa. The introduction lists letter topics received by the office in 1900.Subsequent chapters cover British India's public schools; boys' secondary schools in England; general information on truant schools, statements on truant schools in various cities, laws on the disposition of truants and incorrigibles in 17 states, discussion of British reformatories and allied institutions and expanded coverage of Puerto Rican education. Chapter V, on U.S. educational extension, addresses lyceums, university extension, Chautauqua, summer schools, cities and popular education, arts and music for the people, travel and pilgrimage as educational extension, the idea of a national university, the Smithsonian Institution, the Library of Congress, museum extension, higher commercial schools, and newspapers as popular educators. A chapter on common school organization and development from 1830 to 1860 covers the South Central and South Atlantic states. Papers from the 1900 Department of Superintendence meeting in Chicago are presented in chapter VII, including papers on education status at the turn of the century, and on alcohol physiology and superintendence with a discussion paper on that subject. The next chapter covers schoolteachers' role in the struggle against alcoholism, while chapter XXI, the last chapter, discusses temperance physiology. Chapters X, XI, and XII concern college students' adjustment to professional courses, justification for public high schools, and free rural high schools. The National Educational Association committee report on relationship between public libraries and public schools is found in chapter XIII. This includes sections on establishing village libraries, rural and small village libraries, small-library cataloging hints, the librarian's spirit and methods working with schools, certain typical libraries, and schoolroom libraries. Final chapters cover Central European education; public playgrounds and vacation schools; the Old South lectures and leaflets; statistics on public, society, and school libraries; British and Irish education; U.S. education periodicals, and a directory of chief state school officers, city superintendents, college presidents, and normal school principals. [For volume 2, see ED622192.]
- Published
- 1901
43. New Publications.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,STATISTICS - Abstract
The article presents news briefs on several social science publications as of December 1972. The 1972 edition of the book "Statistical Abstract of the United States," was issued by the U.S. Bureau of Census. This 93rd annual edition of the "Abstract" includes a more comprehensive section of statistics from the 1970 U.S. Census of Population and Housing than was possible in 1971. "Current Research" booklet published in English, is now available from the Centre for European Society. The American Academy of Political and Social Science will publish a special monograph of papers and proceedings presented at a two day conference on Integration of the Social Sciences Through Policy Analysis.
- Published
- 1972
44. Spatial Changes in Manufacturing: The Michigan Example, 1840-1963.
- Author
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Wheeler, James O.
- Subjects
UNITED States manufacturing industries ,INDUSTRIAL revolution ,INDUSTRIES ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,COST accounting ,MANUFACTURED products - Abstract
Manufacturing In U.S. has undergone many changes in technology and in spatial distribution since the inception of the industrial revolution in Western Europe. Paralleling technologic progress and industrial growth has been the areal expansion and spatial adjustments of manufacturing. These geographic changes in industrial pattern are brought about by advancing technology, population growth, and competition among producers for favored processing locations. A large literature has now developed describing theoretically the optimal location of industrial plants focusing on comparative cost analysis, and measuring spatial associations in manufacturing. However, there has been relatively little attempt to treat spatial changes in manufacturing over a long period of time on a regional basis or to evaluate the degree to which these changes reflect technologic growth as in the transportation system. It is the purpose of this paper to briefly examine and illustrate the patterns of manufacturing change in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan from 1840 to 1963 and to summarize these changes in terms of four major areas of technologic development.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY.
- Author
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Haberler, Gottfried
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COMMERCE ,ECONOMIC policy ,BALANCE of trade ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ECONOMIC development ,POSTWAR reconstruction - Abstract
The article presents comments on the problems of international economic policy by providing various discussions from specialized conferences. There are two persistent enemies of international commerce. The one is restrictionism, the other discrimination. Great Britain and the United States alike have tried to compromise with both. Neither American protectionism, even as modified by the Hull agreements, nor the system of preferential tariffs, as exemplified in trade treaties among Great Britain and the Dominions, is consistent with international prosperity nor with international friendship. According to one of the economists, for the European continent foreign trade is simply vital for maintaining of decent living possibilities, it is not a question of a degree of economic stability but of the whole economic structure. The postwar balance of trade may be unfavorably affected by the structural changes in the British balance of payments, as Great Britain has been a big surplus importer from the European Continent, supplying it with dollars and other overseas exchanges.
- Published
- 1942
46. INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.
- Author
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Walsh, John E.
- Subjects
OPERATIONS research ,SOCIETIES ,MEETINGS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper reports on visits to 24 national operations-research societies (two in Germany) and to operations researchers in ten other countries. It considers each visit to a society specific-ally, plus some of the visits in countries not having societies. My purpose was to promote closer relations between the OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY OF AMERICA and operations researchers of other countries. The first visits were made during July-August of 1967,in conjunction with the Operations Research Around-the-World Meetings. Canada was visited in November, Central and South America in December-January, and the remaining countries in Europe during March-April of 1968. These visits included all of the world's major operations-research societies, and some others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. AN ECONOMIC THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS.
- Author
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Breton, Albert and Breton, Raymond
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC demand ,SOCIAL movements ,SOCIAL change ,SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
The article develops an economic hypothesis about the origin of social movements. The paper is divided into three parts: the first elaborates a theory of demand for social change or, more specifically, a theory about why the demand for change manifests itself in social movements. This first part, in turn, is subdivided into two sections examining: first, some structural components of the environment in which social movements originate and discussing, second, the definitions and assumptions of the proposed theory as well as its essential mechanisms. The second part introduces the concept of the supply of social movements and examines how this supply is related to the demand for social change. This discussion sheds some new light on the question of social change itself. This is briefly discussed in Section III. The hypothesis formulated appears to be consistent, at least in the large, with what is known of the history of social movements in Canada, in the United States, and in Europe during the first part of the twentieth century.
- Published
- 1969
48. GROWTH IN DEVELOPED NATIONS.
- Author
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Barger, Harold
- Subjects
PRODUCTION functions (Economic theory) ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR supply ,CAPITAL stock ,INVESTMENTS ,LABOR ,GROWTH rate - Abstract
The use of aggregate production functions of the Cobb-Douglas type to explain the sources of growth and of differences in growth rates, in recent years among eight European countries and the United States is discussed in the article. Output is related to inputs of labor and capital, together with a residual not accounted for by these factor inputs, whether measured conventionally or in efficiency units. Until recently such procedures, when applied to European countries, required the use of balance-sheet data to measure capital, but ignorance of prices and valuation methods implicit in such data has been a serious weakness. Thanks mainly to the enterprise of economists Simon Kuznets, Moses Abramovitz and their co-workers, supported by the Social Science Research Council, historical series on gross investment have recently become available for some European countries. Despite uncertainties surrounding deflation procedures and the paucity of data for estimating useful lives, such capital estimates are greatly to be preferred to figures resting on balance sheet valuations. The availability of these new data prompted the present study, preliminary results of which are given in this paper.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Flow-of-Resources Statement for Business Enterprises.
- Author
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Yu, S. C.
- Subjects
CASH flow statements ,FINANCIAL statements ,BUSINESS enterprises ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Recently, professors Karl Kafer and V. K. Zimmerman presented an excellently documented paper on the evolution of the funds statement in the U.S. and in Europe. Following extensive exploration, they pointed out some significant deficiencies of the funds statement. The main purpose of this article, however, is to present a different format for the construction of this flow statement. It is hoped that a structural change in this flow statement will throw some additional light on the study of flows of economic resources at the business-enterprise level. In addition to recognizing the distinction between financial and nonfinancial flows of business operations, it is important to analyze their interplay. Productive activities may be financed internally, externally, or both. A detailed presentation of the financial activities of an enterprise will show not only how additional productive resources are acquired, but will also provide a basis, in part at least, for analyzing expansion and future income flow. The conventional balance sheet and income statement are deficient in depicting financial activities of a firm and in relating theft relationship to the firm's productive activities. It must be remembered that net income is "attributable to the whole process of business activity" and that the operations involves continuous movement of productive and financial resources. The resources-flow statement should not be treated as a supplementary device. It is a basic statement in its own right. With two basic types of flows, the need for at least two flow statements is quite dear. In addition, the resources-flow statement is much more than a statement of financial flows.
- Published
- 1969
50. ECA'S LEDGER.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,BANKING industry ,FINANCIAL services industry - Abstract
The article reports on the accomplishments of the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) as of May 1949. It cites the 1.6 billion dollar worth of letters of commitment that were issued by the ECA to U.S. banks including the New York-based Chase National Bank, National City Bank of New York and the Bank of America. It examines the accomplishments of the ECA in other countries like Austria, France and Italy.
- Published
- 1949
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