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This article investigates the aviation psychology program of the U.S. Navy. The development of the naval aviation psychology program up to and following the time of the establishment of the central office in October 1942 may be read in several descriptive summaries. Psychologists were originally commissioned to administer, score, and interpret tests for the selection of naval aviation cadets; however, the program soon broadened to include the development of experimental designs for research projects, statistical analyses, methods for selecting flight instructors and aircraft gunners, investigation of attrition, development of training aids, advisory aid to other bureaus, and research on vision and communication. About a year and one half before the Pearl Harbor attack, work had begun on the validation of a group of tests for the selection of naval aviators. From the forty different tests investigated, three were selected. Each of these three tests was validated on groups of over 3000 cadets.