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This report describes the results of automatic processing of a large number of scientific papers according to a rigorously defined criterion of coupling. The population of papers under study was ordered into groups that satisfy the stated criterion of interrelation. An examination of the papers that constitute the groups shows a high degree of logical correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section lists several books and published articles on general topics such as international relations, world economics, population and politics.

The article presents a list of articles related to general economic interests published in various issues. Some of the articles included in the list are: "The Politics of Population: A Blueprint for International Cooperation," by Richard N. Gardner, published in the June 10, 1963 issue of The Department of State Bulletin; "The Population Dilemma," by Karl Brandt, published in the August 1, 1963 issue of Vital Speeches; "The Population Problem" published in the July 1963 issue of Population Bulletin; "An Econometric Analysis of Population Growth," by Irma Adelman, published in the June 1963 issue of The American Economic Review; "Canada's International Economic Position," by H.E. English published in the Summer 1963 issue of The Canadian Banker; "The Fiscal Implications of a Housing Program," by H.H. Binhammer, published in the August 1963 issue of The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science; and, "What Will Happen If Quebec Secedes From Canada," by Andrew F. Burghardt, published in the June-July 1963 issue of The Canadian Saturday Night.

This article focuses on the analysis of migration in Sweden between 1895 to 1930 to evaluate the proportions assumed by total migration streams to and from community group and to obtain a perspective in evaluating net migration gain or loss. This analysis demonstrated the extensiveness of streams of internal migrants to and from these various classes of communities, as compared with the net migration gain or loss of any class. Eleven Swedish communities were selected for analysis. Six of these 11 communities were agricultural, four were rural industrial, and one was the largest town in the county. Three of the agricultural communities were relatively inaccessible to industrial communities and towns. The records of all migrants leaving each of these 11 communities for another Swedish community or entering each of these 11 communities from another Swedish community were abstracted from the parish registers for every year from 1895 to 1930. In this paper, the data for the first 10 years of the period, 1895-1904, and the last 10 years, 1921-30, only are analyzed.

Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents several books related to sociology. "Hacia una sociologia del surco: Resultados del Sexto Congreso Nacional de Sociologia de Morelia," by Roberto Agramonte. In this small volume the distinguished professor of sociology and director of the Department of Cultural Interchange at the University of Havana summarizes succinctly the program of Mexico's Sixth National Sociological Congress and appraises with keen insight most of the major papers presented at it. "El hombre y Ia tierra en Boyacd: Bases socio-históricas para una ref orma agraria," by Orlando Fals Borda. This volume contains an intensive study of the institutionalized relations between man and the land in the Department of Boyacá, Colombia. The study was done with the aid of a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the English version was presented as a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Florida. "Migraciones internas en Costa Rica," by Wilburg Jimenez Castro. Based largely upon materials gathered in the 1950 census of population, this volume contains the results of one of the most thorough going studies of rural-urban and interregional migration ever done in Latin America.

The article discusses the work of one of economics top experts on government spending, Solomon Fabricant and his report "The Trend of Government Activity in the United States Since 1900," which features an analysis of interstate public expenditure differentials. This study analyzes and questions some of Fabricant's findings in relation to methodology and state and local spending. Fabricant distinguished himself in economics by utilizing the variables of per capita income, population density, and urbanization to analyze state and local expenditure data.

The article is a reply by the author to his critics Leonard G. Bowe and Bryan L. Boulier on his article "Economic Development, Modernization and Economic Behavior." The author states that, both critics object to the choice of indicators for the measurement of economic well being and modernization. The concept of economic development has increasingly come under question as "the factor" of change necessary to bring about changes in the levels of demographic behavior among populations. The use of gross national producer as an indicator of modernization was prompted by the fact that it was a good measure of the productive capacity of the systems. The second problem discussed by each of the critics is that of multicollinearity. It reflects the level of economic well being, independent of the structural complexity of society, and also reflects the general level of structural complexity independent of the economic dimension. There is no clear distinction between medical and nonmedical inputs, and between the latter and other factors.

This article focuses on the Layfield report on Greater London Development Plan, plan that requires local authorities to state their objectives, present alternative strategies for their future development and evaluate the alternative strategies for their future development. Begun when the Greater London Council (GLC) was formed, its origins ante-dated the 1968 Town and Country Planning Act. GLDP is an attempt to define planning objectives and to evaluate a plan for London, England it was backed by many research papers and studies and it was subjected to detailed examination by inquiry. Named the Layfield Inquiry after its chairman, the GLDP was the largest planning inquiry held in the country. The Inquiry accused the GLC of over-ambition for trying to argue as if it could alter population and employment trends when it had neither the statutory powers, nor the real power to do so; variable quality in the treatment of issues--so that, for example, it took much more seriously highway planning where it had responsibility than public transport where it had not (until it took over London Transport in 1970); no logical connection between facts and policies, or between objectives and policies; and describing objectives so vaguely that they were not operational.

This article presents four letters sent by political economist Thomas Robert Malthus to economist William Whewell which suggest his position on a severely abstract approach to economic enquiry of philosopher David Ricardo. William Whewell, and the small Cambridge inductivist circle of which he was a member, occupied the opposite extreme to Ricardo in the methodological spectrum. In relation to them, Malthus appears almost as a defender of Ricardo's abstract reasoning. The letters are valuable chiefly for the fresh light which they thus shed on Malthus's methodological stance; though they also contain clear restatements of some of his known views on rent and population, and interesting critical remarks on the work of two lesser contemporary economists, Richard Jones and T. Perronet Thompson, and on Whewell's early attempts to translate Ricardo's model into mathematics. The Malthus letters are perhaps best viewed against a background of the efforts which were made in the early 1830s by Whewell and his friend Richard Jones, to discredit Ricardo's deductive economic science and replace it with one built upon axioms which would reflect a much more careful and extensive study of facts.

This article presents information on various papers related to migration. One of the papers discussed is "Venti Anni in Favore dell'Agricoluiura," by G. D'Ascenzio that was published in the December 1964 issue of the periodical "Orientamenti Sociali." The author, basing himself on the agricultural situation in Italy twenty years after the establishment of the Confederazicene Nazionale Coltivatori Diretti, delineates the economic conditions of Italian agriculture, with emphasis on technological progress, social evolution, and psychological, religious and political developments in the field. The most interesting conclusion from a sociological point of view regards the rural migration to urban centers abroad. Notwithstanding the fact that this reduction of the agricultural population is a positive sign of economic advancement, it nonetheless presents various problems of a social, psychological, moral and religious nature. Another paper discussed is "About Reference Group Alienation, Mobility and Acculturation," by G.D. Berreman that was published in a previous issue of the periodical "American Anthropologist." The author submits that many terms and concepts used in the description and analysis of the confrontation of diverse ethnic groups, for example, acculturation, assimilation, mobility, can be used more precisely in light of a deepening of the knowledge of reference groups.

This article reports that problem of social diffusion has long occupied the attention of behaviorial scientists. Recently, diffusion research has begun to investigate the influence of these intervening variables with the aim of explaining the observed distributions. This article reports that the aim of this paper is to demonstrate empirically the effects of clique size on the rate of growth of simulated messages, and to compare these findings with the rate of diffusion of a hypothetical message through a completely unstructured population. Each experiment to be discussed utilized a hypothetical population of a consecutive series of sixty numbers. Each of these numbers was considered a member of the same population and belonged to at least one clique whose size remained constant within any given experiment. The cliques were determined by considering each member of the population separately, and by consulting a table of random numbers to determine the second member of the clique. The population of sixty elements in the first experiment was structured into sixty pairs of two-member cliques according to the procedure described above. One member of the population was chosen at random and defined the initial knower of a hypothetical message.

The aim of the paper is to examine the population shifts and settlement changes in two townships of unlike agricultural potential and accessibility near Springfield, Missouri. Each township is representative of a major physical region of the Ozarks. Buck Prairie Township in Lawrence County lies in the Springfield Plain and represents some of the best agricultural land in an Ozark border region. On the other hand, Linn Township in Christian County lies along the Eureka Springs Escarpment which forms the northern border of the White River Hills, one of the most rugged districts of the Ozarks. Significant changes in the general settlement patterns have occurred, although, because of variable environmental conditions and differences in economic factors, the amount of change has not everywhere been the same. However, observations made during an extensive survey of land use and settlement in the Springfield vicinity indicate that Buck Prairie and Linn townships are representative of larger sections of the Ozarks.

Answer Existing knowledge on the relationship between migration and fertility has been bawd on studies of married women. Furthermore, research has focused on the fertility of rural-urban migrants and has tended to ignore fertility among urban-rural migrants. These two factual gaps have limited the ability to assess the contribution made by the fertility of migrants to either population growth or the urban-rural differential in fertility. This paper reports on data from the national 1967 Survey of Economic Opportunity. Determining the intervening effects of marital status on the relation between migration and fertility was the study's major objective. Among white, married women 20 to 44 years of age, rural-urban migrants have only slightly higher fertility than that of indigenous urban women, which slightly increases the rate of population growth in urban areas. Urban-rural migrants, on the other hand, have lower fertility than indigenous rural women and consequently serve to lower the growth rate in rural areas. The relative effect upon the growth rates at place of destination is greater for urban-rural than for rural-urban migrants. When the analysis is not restricted to married women, the impact of migration on both urban and rural fertility is considerably changed. In general, migrants were more likely than indigenous sending and receiving populations to have been ever-married and be married and living with spouse-including being in a sustained first marriage and being remarried. Proportionately more migrants and less indigenous women bear children. Therefore, when we examine fertility of all women, irrespective of marital status, the childbearing of rural-urban migrants makes a moderate contribution to increasing the population growth rate in urban areas. In rural areas, when women's marital status is ignored. the presence of urban-rural migrants sustains the rate of population growth-partially offsetting the lowering effect of the fertility of the rural indigenous women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in population distribution policy, with proposals for a slowdown of growth in and near large cities, and a promotion of growth in nonmetropolitan areas. To provide basic information on this issue, the present paper is an analysis of population changes in incorporated places of the nonmetropolitan United State between 1950 and 1970. Size of place distributions have changed little since 1950; however, the percentage of places growing over each decade ranges from under 30 to over 85 for different size and location groupings, with smaller, more remote places less likely to grow. A smaller proportion of places over 2,500 grew in decade 1960–1970 than in 1950–1960, whereas in the South and in segments of the North Central region there was an increase in the later decade of an emerging decentralization trend around larger nonmetropolitan centers. The implications of the results for population distribution policy and for problems in formulating and implementing such policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors used in- and out-migration vectors based on polar coordinates to measure and portray the interstate geographic mobility of three population groups, for the five-year period of 1955–1940 and for the one-year periods of 1949–1950 and 1958, respectively. The vectors diagrammed in this paper indicate the following three aspects about geographic mobility: total size of each migration stream for each state, the resultant direction of movement, and the average distance moved per migrant. They are theoretically justifiable and are also precise representations of the distance, direction, and magnitude of interstate movement, providing convenient summarizations of the 2,352 individual migration streams among states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines selected demographic characteristics of countries at different stages of economic development On one hand, the data show that the demographic status of underdeveloped countries continues to be substantially more primitive than that of more economically advanced nations. On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that some of the traditionally observed relationships (such as the inverse relationship between economic development and the rate of population growth) may not be as pronounced as was the case earlier in the present century. Since the various characteristics that differentiate underdeveloped areas from the rest of the world are closely related to the forces and circumstances which handicap their economic development, these findings may be taken as indicative of a real need for a continuous reexamination of the nature of the characteristic features of underdeveloped areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of areal units by population size has been suggested as a useful tool for studies of within-urban and within-rural variations. Size of population is doubtless one of the most important factors affecting mans collective life. But in studying within-urban or within- rural variations, population size will be a powerful tool only if the places so classified are approximations of communities in the sense of a collective phenomenon. That is, population size may not differentiate organizational characteristics of areal units unless the aggregates studied are inter-dependent wholes, organized units, entities exhibiting a high degree of unit character. Data from India presented in this paper illustrate this point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan has emerged recently as an important residence dichotomy, tending to replace the traditional rural versus urban breakdown. The two approaches are not competitive but rather complementary. This paper presents the rural population in each census year from 1900 to 1960, by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan status, for each census division and region in the coterminous United States. Bogue's ‘retrojective’ technique was employed to obtain metropolitan (on 1960 boundary lines) population for each state back to 1900. The nonmetropolitan counties were then obtained by subtraction and were broken down into rural and urban (using the 'old' or pre-1950 definition). Metropolitan rural was obtained by subtracting nonmetropolitan rural from total rural. The following major conclusions are reached: (1) rural population contained within the metropolitan areas has been growing well above the national average growth rates, while the nonmetropolitan rural has been virtually constant in absolute terms since 1900; (2) About one-third of the total rural population of the United States is metropolitan and this metropolitan rural makes up about 22 percent of the total metropolitan population. Some 64 percent of the nonmetropolitan population remains rural in character; (8) Regional differences in growth rates and in the rural-urban balance within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan populations have been diminishing over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the sources of population change in standard metropolitan areas and compares the change in central cities and suburban areas resulting from each source. Five steps in the estimating procedure are stated and the operations described. It is shown that between 1940 and 1950 the central cities, as a group, lost population through net migration. Their moderate growth was due to annexation and to a natural increase rate which more than made up for the net migration loss. The suburban rings gained 26 per cent through net migration. There was much variation among the metropolitan areas and among their central and suburban parts in the components of their growth. Population change in the Chicago Standard Metropolitan Area in the 1930-40 and 1940-50 decades is illustratively analyzed to show the color, sex, and age components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes state of birth data from the 1940 and 1950 Mexican censuses to analyze Mexican internal migration. The rate of "net lifetime migration" in Mexico, in 1950, was only about half that in the United States in the same year. The Federal District, which includes Mexico City, experienced the greatest volume of net lifetime migration gain, a gain which was experienced also by the tier of states along the northern border contiguous to the United States. Interstate migration between 1940 and 1950 probably was responsible for more than a fifth of the population increase experienced by eight Mexican states including the Federal District. Large-scale rural-to-urban migration is indirectly indicated by this analysis. Correlation techniques strongly suggest that interstate migration in Mexico, between 1940 and 1950, improved the distribution of population in relation to the distribution of economic opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the concepts of "rural conservatism" and the "rural-urban continuum" are related in order to investigate the hypothesis that, in the State of Washington, conservatism as a personality trait is positively associated with the degree to which people exhibit a rural way of life. The results of this study indicate that this hypothesis is not tenable. It is suggested that this finding may be explained to some extent by certain characteristics of the rural population of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the statistics on the rural population from the 1950 census are based on a new definition of urban-rural residence which differs in several respects from the old definition used in previous censuses. This paper indicates the nature of these changes in definition and their effects on the size of the rural population in the United States as a whole and in the individual states. It also examines the characteristic pattern of urban-rural growth in metropolitan areas as an explanation of urban-rural differences (in terms of the old definition) among the states in the rate of growth in the decade 1940-1950. This examination suggests that, for states, rural rates of increase which exceed the corresponding urban rates reflect the rapid growth of population in suburban areas rather than an increase in the open-country or rural-farm population. Finally, it indicates that the new urban definition represents a step in the direction of a more realistic classification of the population into its urban and rural parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the concentration of the population of the United States into large metropolitan aggregates and the increasing tendency for people to commute to work in the cities while making their homes in the smaller towns and rural areas. Reasons for the growth of the metropolitan areas are discussed as well as the factors involved in the rapid expansion of population into suburban areas. Suburbanization is identified as an important field for sociological research. Among the many problems needing further study are: (1) identification and classification of suburban populations into meaningful groupings; (2) the extent and selectivity of suburban migration; (3) the impact of suburban living on personality; (4) the acquiring of social status in relation to the suburban movement; (5) studies of social conflict in suburban areas; (6) effects of suburbanization on the political structure; and (7) the extent to which suburbanites are realizing their aspirations in the suburban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT If current fertility rates are maintained, zero population growth (ZPG) will be attained around 2050. The ratio of aged to active workers will increase sharply, and the real financial burden of supporting the increased proportion of aged persons under the OASDHI program will fall heavily on the active workers. Under ZPG conditions, general revenue financing of the OASDHI program is desirable since the payroll tax burden will fall heavily and unfairly on the working poor; the payroll tax along with the personal income tax will be regressive over a wide income range; and the welfare element in the OASDHI program will increase substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of suburban communities in the U.S. during the twentieth century is now a well-established, demographic datum. Since World War II, however, the trend has been for "greatly increased annexations to incorporated places." In 1945 only 152 cities with populations of 5000 or over reported annexations. The number of annexing cities has since risen to 382 in 1950, 526 in 1955, 712 in 1960, and 751 in 1964. Yet it has been pointed out that "Survey after survey reports a disinclination of suburbanites to consolidate their governments with the central city." This discrepancy between survey findings and municipal actions suggests the need for further study of the annexation process. Commonly annexation requires majorities in both the central city and suburban area. The balloting in cities is usually favorable to annexation proposals, less so in the suburbs themselves. Why some suburbs choose annexation while others reject it remains a largely unresolved question. The general hypothesis of this paper is that urbanized individuals living in suburban areas tend to be favorable toward annexation. By urbanized is meant prior urban background, favorable attitudes toward urban services, use of urban facilities, urban social behavior, and urban political attitudes.

This paper contains an exposition of the types of family statistics derived and published annually from the Current Population Survey of the Bureau of the Census. The authors discuss the Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) in terms of its relevancy and value to sociologists interested in the field of family studies. Recent improvements in data collection and processing techniques, as well as a discussion of the wide range of social and economic variables relating to family studies and obtainable from the CPS for the national population are presented. it is pointed out that the CPS is, and can be, an important source of recurring family data for supplementing independent research in many related fields. The Census Bureau's household and family projections program is discussed and a brief demographic sketch of the family in America in 1970 is offered as an illustration of the nature of the data currently available in the CPS programs and the "Current Population Reports" publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mid-1972 the continent of Africa had a population of 364 million or 9.6 percent of the world population of 3,782 million. The annual crude birth and death rates which were 47 and 21 per 1000 respectively produced a growth rate of 2.6 percent per annum, a rate second only to that of Latin America. The African population will double in 27 years. The population is very young with 44 percent under 15 years of age while only 3 percent is 65 and over. This paper will deal with two issues: What are the population problems in Africa and what are the African peoples and governments doing about them? Whether Africa has a population problem is a topic that will continue to be debated for the rest of this century. It is an issue on which reasonable and intelligent people disagree. The author's position is to say categorically that a problem does exist and then go on from there. This article also attempts to review the knowledge of family planning in Black Africa. The necessity for massive action on the part of governments has been emphasized. The readiness of the population is not in doubt. The political risks the elite: political, military and intellectual, runs should be completely spelled out in any communication addressed to them.

Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents data using an observational technique, APPROACH, which describes the behaviors of young children in naturalistic social situations. Emitted behaviors are recorded on a tape recorder, transcribed, and then coded numerically for computer analysis. Results of assessments of information processing for children ranging in age from 1 year 3 months to 4 years 6 months show substantial changes in the way age groups handle information. The technique is structured to provide data on the incidence of growth-fostering or growth-inhibiting behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper embraces two sets of questions, one pertaining to Malthus' theoretical structure, the other to its empirical plausibility. This paper is more concerned with the latter than with the former set of questions. For expositive convenience we may say that Malthus' Essay was dominated by two propositions: (a) that population elasticity commonly though not necessarily approximated unity:[1] and (b) that the augmentability of the supply of product or income was limited and subject to diminution at the margin.
This paper is concerned mainly with the second proposition. After discussing Malthus' conception of the problem and the roles of limitational factors and checks, I review the present status of food-supply prospects, the primary limiting factor in Malthus' scheme. The first proposition, as I have stated it, may misrepresent Malthus' view somewhat, since his basic proposition was that man has a great capacity to multiply in the absence of checks. His model of the determinants of fertility was incomplete, however, and overestimated population elasticity in some circumstances, in part perhaps because he underestimated so markedly the prospective increase in aggregate output and the changes in the economic environment to which man must adjust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information based on a study conducted by Beta-Wais within a state prison population. Large admission rates and understaffed classification sections force many prison institutions to rely on relatively short, group administered, and easily scored paper and pencil tests for appraisals of intelligence. One of the most widely used group intelligence tests in Federal and state penal institutions is the Revised Beta Examination developed for Army use during the World War I, revised for civilian use.

Among the numerous and varied problems that beset the developing nations of the world, perhaps none is receiving more attention than that of population. Very little or no really significant betterment accrues to the country because a large share of the resources for development must be devoted simultaneously to maintaining the ever-increasing population, thus leaving almost nothing or only minimal amounts for improvement of the level of living. To meet this situation enormous amounts of time, energy, skill, resources, and money have gone into the advocacy of family planning as one means to help reduce the size of the population. This article is devoted to one particular aspect of this program in Thailand. The analysis of female sterilization reported in this paper is made from data collected from a selected sample of women in Thailand in a project carried out in the fall of 1962. The main purpose of the research was to secure information pertinent in assessing the attitude of the Thais as regards the necessity for family planning.

This paper will discuss population growth in the Republic of the Sudan and indicate some of the more important economic preconditions and consequences of such growth. A brief introduction explains the basic differences between the nation's nine economic regions; how the population census of 1956 measured populations of political (administrative) divisions; and why, therefore, the census measurements had to be reorganized so that they could measure populations of economic regions. The alternatives open to the planner, by which he can project population back into the past and, more importantly, into the future, are then examined. These alternatives result from the several attempts to incorporate into postulated long-run birth and death rates whatever information is available on the history and anticipated future of those economic and social factors which influence the rates. A final section comments on investment, labor force, and other economic ramifications of the long-run population growth.

The article informs that modern students of human migrations set out initially with two categories of human movements. These they label as modern and prehistoric. Conclusions about the latter must necessarily be good guesses, but a good guess is permissible in any science where evidence from current observations is available for making generalizations and comparisons. Of the social, human interactive forces governing prehistoric migrations, nothing certain is known. But in the consideration of modern migrations much is known and may be deduced- Students have, therefore, divided modern migrations into various categories. Thus, in the modern sense, we may find religious movements, political movements, aggressive wars, and adventuring as categories of human migrations. Modern movements may be classified broadly as social and practical. The latter type of migration is brought about by population pressure, famine, drought, and similar natural phenomena. The former type includes such movements as those brought about by a search for political refuge, those instigated by labor recruiting, and by religious migrations. But there are factors basic to all human migrations which this paper attempts to deal with as initial phases of study. The logic is based on two major assumptions: that all men wish to survive; and that all men need land for-survival.

The article presents an annotated selection of materials from the United Nations System related to population, health, food, environment, economics, society, social policies, human rights, education and science. The information includes reports of governments on seizures carried out, problems raised by world population trends and implementation of treaties on narcotic drugs.

This article focuses on population policy research and political science. The popular literature on world population growth made a major contribution to the increased awareness of the significance of population policy. An important exception to the absence of literature on population and politics was that dealing with population and international politics. The population field overlaps several other areas of concern, notably natural resources and the environment, agriculture and technology and urbanization.

The article presents information about some materials from the United Nations System which are related to population, health, food and environment. Some of them are reports of the Symposium on Population, Resources and Environment which is based on resources and environment; population and human settlements; impact of technological innovation. The article also has report on modern management methods and the organization of health services which is related to relevance of modern management technology to the delivery of health services and management problems encountered by countries. The articles provide concise reports on conventions related to food, health, technological innovations, population and many related topics, covered by the United Nations and its specialized agencies.

The article presents a reference guide for general topics. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. Some of the books listed are "Demographic Yearbook: 1958," "Survey of World Economics," "Yearbook of International Organizations 1958-59," and "The Formulation of Development Plans in the British Colonies." "The Newspaper Press Directory: 1959," is a listing of U.S. and foreign newspapers, magazines, directories and annuals; trade services and organizations; and publishing groups. In "Colonial Planning: A Comparative Study," by Barbu Niculesce, development planning in the colonies of Britain, Belgium, France and the Netherlands are studied. In "Population and Economic Growth," by Everett E. Hagen, the relationship between economic levels and population growth is explored. "World Population, World Hunger, and World Resources," by C. Langdon, discusses the problems of world over-population and declining resources.

This article presents information on United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) publications related to migration, population, urbanization and other such subjects. One of the publications discussed is "The Cultural Integration of Immigrants," by W.D. Borrie. This survey is based upon the papers and proceedings of the UNESCO Conference held in Havana in April 1956. Part One concerns current concepts and practices in the field of cultural integration, while Part Two is devoted to four case studies, which provide an examination in greater detail of these major issues. Another publication discussed is "The University Teaching of Social Sciences," edited by D.V. Glass. Prepared under contract by the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, this study includes a general survey consisting of three parts, which clarify the nature of demography, the organization and objectives of its instruction and in conclusion, the general needs in this field. The specific questions are dealt with by 13 rapporteurs, who cover the situation arising in 29 countries in a series of area reports.

The article presents names of several books received by the 1972 issue of the journal "Rural Sociology." Names of the books include "The Human Arena: An Introduction to the Social Sciences," edited by Gilbert Abcarian and Monte Palmer, "The Netsilik Eskimo," by Asen Balikci, "Institutions in Agricultural Development," edited by Melvin G. Blase, "Cities Under Siege: An Anatomy of the Ghetto Riots, 1964-1968," edited by David Boesel and Peter H. Rossi, "Juvenile Delinquency," by Robert G. Caldwell and James A. Black, "The American Population Debate," edited by Daniel Callahan, "Reading in Evaluation Research," edited by Francis G. Caro, "The Cultural Context of Learning and Thinking: An Exploration in Experimental Anthropology," by Michael Cole, John Gay, Joseph A. Glick and Donald W. Sharp, "Resources for Social Change: Race in the United States," by James S. Coleman, "Radical Sociology," edited by J. David Colfax and Jack L. Roach, "Kinship and Class: A Midwestern Study," by Bernard Farber, and "Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order," by Erving Goffman.

The ultimate significance of data on food and agriculture is realized only when such data are placed in conjunction with population data. The volume of production, the composition of agricultural output, and the transfers of products from one area or another are just so many statistics in a vacuum until they can be translated into measures of levels of adequacy and placed in relief against areas of surplus and areas of need. Statistics on production and exchange no doubt have meaning as business and commercial interests are concerned, but markets and prices do not accurately reflect the distribution of hunger and malnutrition. It is the aim of this paper to identify the needed population data in order to study the world's position with reference to food and agriculture.

The article discusses details of the annual meeting of the American Sociological Society that will be held at the Congress Hotel in Chicago, Illinois from December 28-30, 1936 and also provides some news briefs related to rural sociology as of December 1936. On December 28, Lowry Nelson, chairman, Utah State Agricultural College will present his views on the topic "Effect on Future Population Prospect of Recent Public Policies." The discussion on this topic will be carry forward by F.W. Notestein, Princeton university and Frank Lorimer, Population association of America. R.W. Roberts, graduate of Clemson College has been appointed to a research fellowship in rural sociology. Edgar A. Schuler has been granted leave for the session 1936-37 to conduct a study of the "Social Correlatives of Farm Tenure" for the Resettlement Administration. A department of sociology and country life has been established at the Oklahoma A. and M. College. The new department combines the work in general sociology, which was formerly in the department of agricultural economics.

The article illustrates the scientific problem of the conservation of the heaths in Dorset, England. It presents three main causes of the heaths extensive anthropogenic changes, including the increased agricultural development, need for grown home timber and the scarcity of suitable sites for new plantations, and southward trend of the British human population. It describes the changes in area of heathland habitat and its fragmentation. It also forecast the fate of the existing flora and fauna in the light of observations made on the adaptations to changes in land use. Conservation and ecological implications of the work were also discussed.

The article focuses on the essays included in the book "Population in History." It contains 27 contributions, nearly all by different authors; more than a third of these are on English demographic history, but France is also well represented, with others on Ireland, Scandinavia, Italy, Flanders, and North America. The methods of historical demography have recently been widened by the introduction of analysis based on the "reconstitution" of families from material contained in local records. In spite of considerable activity by demographic historians in the last decade, however, a state of impasse seems to have been reached in which existing techniques of historical demography no longer offer much hope of extending our understanding of the processes of demographic change in the pre-census period on the basis of the strictly limited supply of known statistical data. At last speculation based upon incomplete data is being replaced by reliable computations of all the essential variables in demographic change. This is, then, a very patchy book, a curious compound of scholarship and optimism, of real worth and questionable methodology.

In this article it is argued that among American families there are certain identifiable groups whose rate of poverty reduction was relatively unresponsive to the general rate of economic growth and progress. These groups were: farm families, families with a head 65 years and over, nonwhite families, and families with a female head. These groups were also labeled "minority" population groups as they comprise the smaller part of a given population category. "Majority" population groups comprised the larger part of a given population category and showed a significantly greater responsiveness to economic growth in their rates of poverty reduction. Because poor "minority" group families appear to be considerably less responsive to economic growth and progress in reducing their level of poverty incidence than are "majority" group families, it was argued that the former constitute a relative "backwash" among which poverty can be expected to become increasingly more concentrated if past relationships are allowed to prevail into the future.

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The article reports on metropolitan population and municipal government expenditures in central cities. The importance of the population occupying the land surrounding and adjacent to urban centers for the maintenance of facilities and services within such places has been indicated in many ways. The purpose of the article is to test hypothesis regarding the interdependence of populations lying within and without urban centers. This involves the use of municipal government expenditures. A first assumption is that city services which are bought with municipal government expenditures, are developed to meet the total need generated by activity carried on within the city. Secondly, it is assumed that some of that activity, and hence some of the need for city services, arises from the population residing outside the city boundaries. Given the assumptions that (a) municipal government costs are developed to meet the total need for services generated within the city, and (b) some of that need arises from the population living outside the city's boundaries, then the annual expenditures of city governments should vary with the sizes of populations occupying adjoining areas.

1. This paper concerns the populations of 13 species of soil Oribatei in two forest communities, studied by the analysis of frequency distributions of individuals in the samples. The data are based on a total of 1200 samples collected in the course of one year. 2. A statistic G1 is used to discriminate between the different theoretical distributions which have been proposed to allow for overdispersion, viz. Neyman type A, Polya-Acppli, negative binomial and discrete log-normal. It is shown that, in general, the negative binomial is the type of distribution which most frequently occurs in our fauna. 3. The application of the U and T test to each species at the different times of the year confirms this conclusion. 4. Among different biological models which might generate a negative binomial distribution, it appears that, for our fauna, the most likely is the heterogeneous Poisson model, according to which the distribution is considered to be the summation of a set of Poisson series in which the means arc distributed according to a Pearson type III distribution. In this case, the parameter k of the negative binomial can be considered as a characteristic of the heterogeneity of the distribution of a species in his habitat. 5. For a given species, it appears that, when the density falls, the heterogeneity of the distribution generally increases, the animals probably being clumped in the most favourable sites and being, at this moment, indifferent to intraspecific competition. In spite of differences in density, it is possible, however, to detect patterns which are characteristic of the different species studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]