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One means by which planning agencies may "hear" the constructive views of the public is the questionnaire technique. "A questionnaire is not just a list of questions. . .. It is essentially a scientific instrument for measurement and for correlation of particular kinds of data . . . it has to be specially designed." (Oppenheim). This paper considers the problems of questionnaire design, a number of examples of the use of the questionnaire in the United States and Britain, and attempts to draw lessons and profit from experience for those people committed to the use of the technique in exercises of public participation in the planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the use of carbenoxolone in the treatment of gastric ulcer in Great Britain and the U.S. Background on carbenoxolone, a triterpenoid drug synthesized from glycyrrhetinic acid; Side effects of the drug; Background on several studies and clinical trials of carbenoxolone.

The article focuses on the performances of the U.S. industries in Great Britain. The value of U.S. overseas investments has grown rapidly in recent years. Great Britain is one of the major areas of U.S. investment. Evidence points to U.S. firms in Great Britain having higher labor productivity than their British competitors. It is probably not an exaggeration to say that Britain's engine of industry growth has been sputtering throughout most of this century. Numerous analysts have sought to explain the factors causing her relative decline. Whatever the underlying problems might be, most critics recognize the potential for improved industrial performance inherent in the flood of American direct investments pouring into Great Britain in the last decade or so. Nonetheless the stimulating effect of a wave of American direct investments could provide incalculable benefits to the British economy, which badly needs a shot in the arm.

The article focuses on the performances of the U.S. industries in Great Britain. The value of U.S. overseas investments has grown rapidly in recent years. Great Britain is one of the major areas of U.S. investment. Evidence points to U.S. firms in Great Britain having higher labor productivity than their British competitors. It is probably not an exaggeration to say that Britain's engine of industry growth has been sputtering throughout most of this century. Numerous analysts have sought to explain the factors causing the relative decline. Whatever the underlying problems might be, most critics recognize the potential for improved industrial performance inherent in the flood of American direct investments pouring into Great Britain in the last decade or so. Nonetheless the stimulating effect of a wave of American direct investments could provide incalculable benefits to the British economy, which badly needs a shot in the arm. For chemical products there is usually a long and complex development process during which trial quantities of the product are made for the customers.

This cursory and necessarily truncated survey of American and British experience provides several general lessons for researchers and practitioners interested in the problem of expropriation and nationalization of direct private foreign investment. First, the number of foreign wealth deprivations which fall short of outright expropriation or nationalization far exceed the number of genuine expropriations and nationalizations. The topic of deprivations which fall short of outright taking presents a rich variety of cases and is ripe for some serious investigation and thought. Second, the risk at the extreme end of the continuum is not expropriation but rather nationalization: only a minority of the extreme deprivations are expropriations. Wholesale modification of the host economy and society, not discrimination against a particular investor, is the prevailing theme of most post World War 11 deprivations in the less developed countries. Implications of the predominance of nationalization over expropriation for the strategy an investor might use to maximize compensation and evaluate the future investment climate in the depriving host can be inferred from the earlier distinction between expropriation and nationalization. Third, there emerges from a survey of the actual case experience a need to distinguish between the occasional but carefully planned nationalization of a sector and the methodical sectorial nationalization of the economy. Some socialization programs proceed with a vigor and inclusive sweep which provide (or should provide) clear warning to the private foreign investor that his continued presence will be short-lived or at best tediously negotiated in a very different role. Indeed the circumstances surrounding a sectorial nationalization of the economy are so extreme as to suggest the totality of a Communist take-over. They should be considered and evaluated as a separate class of deprivation distinct from the more common and more viable situation of a newly emerging state attempting to bind itself together as a nation, shed the last embarrassing vestige of colonialism and recognize explicitly in its reorganization of society and economy that economic progress in isolation is not unequivocably desirable if it comes at the price of diminished political and economic sovereignty implied in traditional patterns of foreign investment and control. Finally, patterns of expropriation and nationalization deprivations suggest support for some of the fascinating ideas of Richard Robinson in International Business Policy (essentially, that the political risk to a foreign investment is greater when the form or style of the investment is out of step with the stage of development of the host) and the "Third Wave" of foreign investment notion appearing recently in the literature. One of the critical questions in assessing the risk of expropriation and nationalization is intimately related to the role of private direct foreign investment in less developed countries: in assessing risk and role it behooves the foreign investor (and students of international business) to bear in mind that the host government will be asking, "Yes, but what have you done for me lately?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on various awards offered by and developments in several learned institutions. American Association for the Advancement of Science will award an annual prize of $ 1,000 for an essay in socio-psychological inquiry that furthers understanding of the psychological-social-cultural behavior of human beings. The Edward L. Bernays Foundation is offering a £ 5,000 award for a program to improve understanding between the people of Great Britain and the United States. Anyone is eligible to enter the competition by submitting a manuscript of 5,000 words or less. The Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development announces a two year research training program. The focus of the program will be upon independent work in behavioral science and psychophysiology in close collaboration with faculty members. The American Educational Research Association announces the election of W. W. Charters, Jr. as member at large of the Executive Board and Association Council. Dr. Charters is professor of education and research associate.