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Presents a study on the finding of abnormal protein components in a case of virus hepatitis and Laennec's cirrhosis. Importance of paper electrophoresis to the diagnosis of the disease; Role of paper electrophoresis and chemical fractionation in determining serum protein patterns; Discussion of the abnormal paper electrophoretic components.

Presents a study on the correlation between the plasma antithrombin titer levels and the electrophoretic serum protein patterns in patients with liver disease. Technique used for blood collection; Photoelectric evaluation of electrophoresis; Analysis of paper electrophoretic patterns.

For 20 centuries, vegetable fibers from various sources have been converted into thin sheets for use in trade, communications, law, and even for shelter. Cotton and linen rags were the first fibrous raw materials to acquire widespread status in paper making, and they are still needed for specialty products. Increasing demands for paper ultimately surpassed the availability of rags, so that other sources of fiber were sought. About the year 1800, numerous other materials of agricultural origin began to come into use somewhat temporarily. Although woods have become the prime source of paper making fibers during the last 100-125 years, annual plant fibers retain their importance. The technical feasibility of non-woody materials is substantiated by more than 300 paper mills throughout the world that use such raw materials. Both necessity and special properties account for their use. The potential for various nonwoody fibrous plants is being investigated intensively by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, to discover new crops that might hare practical significance in the national agricultural program and in the commercial production of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In essay-type examinations for degrees in British universities, marking customs tend to compress the candidates into a narrow band around the mean. This works especially adversely against those who, in examinations with several papers, achieve excellence in one or more. Often such candidates are awarded only the minimum distinction mark, the effect of which is nullified by aggregation. This is of some consequence in the British system, since the designation of a candidate's examination performance as 'First Class,' 'Second Class, Upper Division,' etc. is formally made by locating his examination average mark within specified intervals on a percentage scale. Awareness of the possible injustice which this method may cause has given rise to the practice of estimating the 'balance of papers,' or considering the 'classes' attained by the individual papers in the examination (irrespective of the actual mark), and giving the candidate the benefit of the doubt should he, for example, have a certain number of papers in a class higher than that indicated by his examination average. A classification reached in this way may of course be at variance with that indicated by the candidate's average of marks, and thus introduce an arbitrary element. An alternative method is therefore proposed in this paper. The usual custom is to assume that the marks indicating the various classes should be the same for the degree as a whole and for the individual papers. It would seem preferable first to determine the balance of papers which would be accepted as a claim to a First Class degree (since it is unlikely that a candidate writing several papers will be able to attain a first class mark in all) and deduce therefrom the classification intervals for the individual papers. A method of doing so is elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vitamin B12-active factors in the rumen contents of sheep have been separated by ionophoresis on paper. The distribution of the factors throughout the paper was determined by cutting it into pieces and measuring the vitamin B12-activity in each piece by microbiological assays with Escherichia coli mutant, Lactobacillus leichmannii or Ochromonas malhamensis as test organism. Rumen contents of sheep grazing on normal pasture were contrasted with those of sheep pen-fed on wheaten-hay chaff and gluten with supplementary cobalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In spite of significant increases in yield of potatoes from the use of mulch paper, its use on a commercial scale is not likely because of the cost of the paper. The paper used in this experiment cost at retail $7 a roll of 300 linear yards or at the rate of over $100 an acre. Even though it could be bought in large quantity at half this cost, the difference between this and the value of the increased crop at 40 cents a bushel would still be in favor of cultivation. The average cost per acre of cultivating potatoes on 100 western New York farms in 1931 was $6.75. Under present methods of applying mulch paper, the saving in cost of cultivation would be far more than outweighed by the cost of applying the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Potato Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Toxikologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A study with filter paper strips partially impregnated with the precipitating agent with or without colloid as the fixing agent reveals that in the case of spotted strips run in aqueous alcoholic mixture as the solvent, uniform bands of the precipitate are formed. In these cases, chromatographic observations such as measurement of 'S' and 'R' values is possible. Rhythmic structures can also be obtained with these strips when the reactant solution is used as the solvent. In the absence of colloids rhythmic structures are obtained at a high concentration and the bands obtained have to be washed and repeatedly dipped in hot water in order to clear the structure of rings present underneath. In the presence of colloid, rhythmic vertical bands are obtained at a much lower concentration and the clear interspaces are visible even without washing. Thus an independent method for obtaining rhythmic structures on filter paper with a technique very similar to chromatography has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure for routine analysis of serum proteins is described, which is virtually free from factors requiring critical control in the staining process, and gives a stable linear dye-protein relationship over a wide range of protein densities. Optimal staining is achieved only if the concentration of the dye solution and the staining time both exceed inter-related lower limits which in combination depend on the maximum density of protein on paper for which optimal staining conditions are required. Staining for 10 minutes in a 1 p.c. solution of bromphenol blue produces optimal staining for protein densities up to 0–15 mg./cm2. Freedom from factors requiring critical control is a consequence of optimal staining conditions. A number of staining methods described in the literature are sub-optimal and in consequence require rigid standardization to obtain reproducible results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of American Potato Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zeitschrift für Polymere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The electric capacitance and conductance of a model membrane composed of a hydrophobic filter paper and a synthetic lipid analogue, i.e., dioleylphosphate, immersed in an electrolyte solution were observed with various frequencies ranging from 20 to 3×10(6) Hz. With successive increase of salt concentration in the external solution, the capacitance and conductance of the membrane increased discontinuously at a certain critical value of the external salt concentration. This variation of the capacitance and conductance of the membrane with the salt concentration was found to be reversible, and the critical value of salt concentration was independent of the adsorbed quantity of the lipid, and of the pore size of the filter paper as far as the adsorbed quantity of the dioleylphosphate was large.A theoretical analysis based on the membrane model for the filter paper-phospholipid system proposed in Part I of this series revealed that the dioleylphosphate impregnated in the filter paper changed its conformation from oil droplets or globular micelles to a number of bilayer membranes when the salt concentration reached the critical value for a given pair of electrolyte species and the membrane. The conformational change of the lipid analogue in the filter paper is discussed in connection with the ability of formation and stability of a black bilayer membrane of the dioleylphosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A method is described for studying the mobility of different amino acids in buffer solutions of different p using the paper disk electrophoretic apparatus. From the mobility of amino acids the isoelectric point of individual amino acids has been calculated. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Microbiologica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Microchimica Acta is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kolloid Zeitschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of tissue section chromatography are given in comparison with histochemical section tests. Qualitative research concerns essential components of organism - amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and some steroids. Suggestions referring to quantitative prospects of the section chromatography method are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Kolloid Zeitschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)