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This article presents information on the growth and development of the fur workers union in the U.S. The International Fur Workers Union of New York was organized in 1904 by Jewish fur workers. In 1911, a new fur union was founded in New York City due to the necessity for the improvement of employment conditions of workers. In 1928, the Needle Trades Workers Industrial Union was organized by communist furriers' union in collaboration with the Communist in the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. The union of leather workers with fur workers became the International Fur and Leather Workers Union of the U.S. and Canada in May 1939.

The desire for more effective indicators of well-being is best reflected in the "social indicators movement" which began in the United States in the mid-sixties and has since spread to embrace Great Britain, Canada and Japan. The rapid expansion of interest in the development of social indicators has, not surprisingly, produced numerous problems of definition, measurement and integration which have not yet been resolved. Furthermore, the term "social indicator" has become devalued with increasingly more generous interpretations, so that even the most modest of statistical series have become so named. It has been suggested that the term should be restricted to those measures which can be related to a sociological model of some kind. Much of the past neglect of the importance and potential of the concept must be attributed to confusion over terminology and definitions. Researchers tended to work to their own definitions of standard of living, level of living, plane of living, satisfaction of consumption and norm of living, whilst in the course of time the problem has been compounded by the popular usage of "standard of living" and, more recently, of "quality of life" as terms synonymous with most of these concepts.

This study compares the self-reported overt professional behavior of over 500 American and 300 Canadian chiropractors with similar legal circumstances of practice. We found that, by and large, Canadian practitioners were more likely to behave "professionally" than their American counterparts. Methodological, structural, and cultural interpretations of these differences are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popular literature has frequently discussed a purported trend toward increased interfaith marriages in the United States. The present research was conducted under the premise that a study of Canadian statistics would not only be of interest in its own right but might also prove useful in analyzing the trend in the United States. In this study an interfaith marriage is defined as one in which the religion reported by one spouse at the time of marriage differs from that reported by the other. It should be emphasized that alternative definitions of interfaith marriage might yield trends unlike that discussed here. A steady rise from 5.8 per cent in 1927 to 11.5 per cent in 1957 in the proportion of inter-faith marriages in Canada as a whole has been observed. For Protestants the direction of the trend is positive, and its consistency is extremely high. for each province except Newfoundland, where only two observations are available. Although the direction for Catholics is always positive, the consistency of the trend in each province is substantially less than for Protestants. Although the provinces vary considerably in their proportions of inter-faith marriage, in each, the direction of the movement is positive. The increase in propor- tion of interfaith marriages shows great regularity in all provinces except Quebec.

During the short time that human ecology has been a part of the research repertoire of some American sociologists, enough urban and rural communities have been described and a sufficiently compelling theoretical background has been provided to establish the importance of the distributive aspects of society for any adequate theory of social life. Too few studies have, however, attempted to describe the general ecological patterning of a community, and to use these general patterns to test some of the broad insights of ecological theory. The expansion and internal patterning of the city are seen to show considerable regularity around the original point of settlement. The chief irregularities in growth are the pronounced indentation in the southern boundary of the city and the northern bottle-neck extension to Lake Ontario. The former is a true ecological distortion, but the latter is a recently incorporated area that should be considered more a part of Rochester's metropolitan district than part of the city proper.

This article cites a study assessing the effects of classroom social climate on individual learning. The subjects used in the study represent about 800 pupils selected at random from 113 classes, which used the Harvard Project Physics Course during the 1967-68 school year. These classes were distributed throughout 27 U.S. states and Canada. Eight separate samples were utilized, since it was considered essential to separate subjects according to sex and each of four learning criterion: Test on Understanding Science; Welch Science Process Inventory; Physics Achievement Test; and Pupil Activity Inventory. These criterion instruments were selected in an attempt to examine different types of learning: achievement, understanding, and behavioral change. Step-wise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the contribution of successive terms in the prediction equation. By considering the effects of class properties on individual learners, the study explored only overall relationships between collective student perceptions of their class and the learning of specific pupils within the class environment.

The article presents a study which aims to extend the description of college environments to include institutions for professional education in the U.S. and Canada. In a population of 100 medical schools, 28 characteristics were intercorrelated, and a principal component analysis was carried out. Four components were rotated to a final solution by the Varimax procedure and given titles such as Affluence, Canadian versus U.S. Admissions Policies, Size, and Emphasis on Hospital Training. For the 52 U.S. medical schools that are in the same location as their parent university, correlations were computed between medical school scores on the factors and university characteristics. It is noted that the size and affluence of medical schools seem to reflect characteristics of the parent university. Size is most related to quality of graduate education. The four rotated factors appear to provide a brief but fairly representative profile of medical school characteristics.

This article focuses on the history of education in the U.S. and Canada during the Colonial period. The literature of historical research in Colonial education is substantial in amount and mostly excellent in quality. The listings of this article have been included not only monographs devoted to specific phases of Colonial education but also more comprehensive works which have good sections and chapters on education during the Colonial period. The titles of topics found in this article have been grouped into the following categories: "Studies of Education Along Statewide or Sectional Lines"; "Studies in the Ecclesiastical Control of Education"; "Studies in the Developing Civil Basis of Education"; "Studies in Elementary, Secondary, and Intermediate Education"; "Studies in Higher Education." The authors' intention of writing the article in this manner is solely for convenience purposes for the readers.

The article discusses the contents of the nineteenth bulletin of the Carnegie Foundation which explores dental education in the U.S. and Canada. The bulletin contains a report by professor William J. Gies on the dental schools in both countries. Essays are also included on the scope of modern dentistry and a preface written by dental researcher Henry S. Pritchett is also provided.

The article provides updates on progress and developments in the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). As of May 31, 1968, the CEC has now 37,365 members enrolled in its chapters, federations, and branches. There were over 8,335 student members who are currently enrolled in CEC. The council now has also 38 federations, 555 local chapters and 9 divisions in both the U.S. and Canada. The author of this article also outlines the publications and services offered by the council, as well as the highlights of the "CEC Leadership Conference."

The article comments on the future of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). The author asserts that the CEC of the year 2000 is similar to the CEC of 1968. He predicts that the council's expansion and organizational progress in both the U.S. and Canada will increase by 2000. The membership of the council in 1968 is over 36,000 and by 2000 it will go over 100,000 members. However, the author suggests that institutional organizations like CEC are evolved and not revolutionized despite of its organizational progress. He also outlines several factors that could change the organization within the next 30 years.