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Summary: The future generation of wireless communications systems uses the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) due to its viable candidate waveform to perform multiple user scheduling. It is a non‐orthogonal waveform susceptible to intercarrier and intersymbol interference (ISI); still, it offers flexible pulse shaping that enhances the efficiency of user scheduling. Here, to accomplish spatial diversity, the multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) is incorporated with GFDM to enhance the performance; there is also an extra inter‐antenna interference problem that limits the model's performance. The issue concerning inter‐antenna interference can be resolved by adopting pilot‐based information transfer. The detection of a signal at the receiver based on the minimum mean square error has the issue of computational complexity while enhancing the estimation quality of a detector. Hence, a low‐complexity channel estimation technique is proposed in this research using the V‐degree polynomial‐based channel estimation technique, wherein the cubic order computation is reduced to square order. Also, the proposed adaptive pulse shaping technique, wherein the filter coefficient is optimized using the gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) to provide optimal pulse shaping filter parameters by employing bit error rate (BER) as the objective function. The performance of a proposed V‐degree polynomial‐based channel estimation is analyzed based on various assessment measures like BER and MSE and acquired the minimal values of 5.75E‐05 and 2.07E‐05, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The first-trimester ultrasound assessment of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness has lately been recommended as the most helpful sign in early screening for prenatal chromosomal disorders. Increased foetal NT thickness between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation is a frequent phenotypic manifestation of chromosomal abnormalities as well as a variety of foetal deformities and genetic disorders. Purpose: At the moment, clinicians conduct the measurement manually. The measurement may take a long time to complete, requires highly competent operators, and is susceptible to mistakes. So, an automatic method is required for NT measurement. Materials and Methods: This study proposes a Markov random Field-based approach for contextually segmenting the NT area from foetal pictures and offering a quick and inexpensive diagnostic even during the early stages of pregnancy. Results: Proposed method gives maximum NT thickness error 0.03 and minimum NT thickness error 0.04. Conclusion: The proposed research work developed a prototype for an automated NT thickness measuring system. This study proposes an MRF-based model for segmentation and detection of NT area from foetal pictures which gives error is less than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of decoding by Viterbi is used in areas like convolutional codes in digital TV, wireless local area networks, satellite communication, mobile relay. Also, the method is used in the development of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and storage systems that work automatically. For Viterbi decoder-based architectures with low latency and complexity, which proposes error detection techniques that are effective. This paper explores the Viterbi algorithm which has two types of approaches for two types of subparts. Important aspects of any communication system are area/power consumption and throughput /efficiency. Minimization of these aspects is the need for an efficient system. This paper explores unwanted logical block reduction by modifying the present logical block. This paper explores signature-based approaches which result in acceptable efficiency. Also, another approach is used to achieve error detection in permanent and transient faults. This error detection is achieved by recomputing with encoded operands. Encoding means the use of shifting operation or the use of rotation operation. This approach makes the system slightly reliable and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]