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Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a crucial strategy in improving postpartum experiences of mothers. This study aimed to explain women's perception of determining aspects and determinants of disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth. This study was carried out from October 2019 to February 2020 in Tabriz-Iran. A total of 12 postpartum women were enrolled in this qualitative study by purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi structured interviews and simultaneously analyzed with a conventional content analysis approach. Thirty eight sub-themes and 11 main themes extracted from data analysis. The main themes included: "physical abuse," "psychological violence," "discrimination," "violation of privacy," "unmet needs and preferences," "nonparticipation in decision-making," "abandonment of women," "Lack of sympathy," "shortage of human and non-human resources," "unpleasant psychological atmosphere of the ward" and "facilitators of D&A." The results of our study indicated the importance of sympathy with mothers and professional ethics. Moreover, healthcare providers, administrators, and policy-makers should design patient-centered interventions in order to secure the material, psychological, and legal needs of women to receive respectful maternity care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disrespect and abuse during childbirth is regarded as harassment of women and a violation of their rights. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the disrespect and abuse questionnaire in Iranian parturient women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 postpartum women in both private and public hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The scale was translated from English into Farsi. In the quantitative face validity, the impact score was determined for each item. Moreover, in the quantitative content validity, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were assessed based on the comments of experts on the relevance, clarity, and simplicity of items (CVI) and the necessity of items (CVR). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: In the face validity assessment, all items received a minimum impact score of 1.5. In assessing the content validity, all the items attained the minimum acceptable value of CVR (>0.69) and CVI (>0.79). According to the exploratory factor analysis, the Disrespect and Abuse Questionnaire has 23 items and five factors, including abandoning the mother, improper care, mother's immobility, not talking to the mother, and mother's deprivation. The construct validity of the scale was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis, in which X2/df <5 and root mean square error of approximation <0.08. Conclusions: The Farsi version of the disrespect and abuse questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for assessing instances of lack of respectful maternity care in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postpartum anxiety may be associated with depression, postpartum blues, and maternal mood disorders. This systematic review investigated the effects of music therapy on postpartum anxiety and pain levels. Methods: English databases including Cochrane, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed and Persian databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) were searched. The data were analyzed in RevMan 5.3 and reported as forest plots. The present study was conducted on postpartum women (i.e., the participants). All randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of music (i.e., the intervention) and placebo or routine care (i.e., the control) on postpartum anxiety and pain (i.e., the outcome) were included in the study. Results: Out of a total of 60 retrieved articles, four eligible articles were selected and entered the meta-analysis process. According to the results, anxiety (MD=-0.68, 95% CI=-1.90 to -0.54, P < 0.001) and pain (MD=-1.85, 95% CI=-3.96 to 0.26, P < 0.001) levels of patients in the music therapy group were reduced more significantly than those in the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that music therapy can significantly reduce both postpartum anxiety and pain scores. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the studies, more randomized trials using a standard tool such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication error reporting (MER) is an effective way to prevent their repetition in the future. The present study aimed to determine the frequency and factors associated with the causes of MEs and to identify barriers to and facilitators of MER. This descriptive-analytical cross- sectional study was conducted with proportional random sampling on 220 midwives or nurses working in public and private hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. In this study, data were collected using Haddon's matrix. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The prevalence of MEs in this study was 36.2%. The most common causes of MEs related to weakness of nurses, wards, management and physicians were nursing staff shortage (30.5%), ward work density (51.8%), low ratio of nurses and midwives per patient (70.7%), and illegible prescriptions (76.4%), respectively. Major barriers to MER reported by nurses and midwives were blaming the individual rather than the system (67.7%). Facilitators of MER were anonymous MRE system and feeling safe about working environment. Staff also reported that if reporting is beneficial (preventing future errors, correcting practice, increasing accountability), the odds of reporting MER will increase (54.5%). Given the underlying cause of MEs from the participants' point of view (staff shortage, fear of reprisal and reprimand), it is suggested that the system and health managers adopt appropriate strategies to reduce these important factors (reducing work density and creating a friendly environment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D and calcium deficiency have been reported as one of the causes of preeclampsia. In this study, levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus were evaluated in 51 normotensive pregnant women and 52 women with preeclampsia at the gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks in Tabriz. Logistic regression and general linear models were used for comparing levels and means of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus between the two groups adjusting for education and Body Mass Index (BMI). The results showed that mean serum vitamin D (p = .73), calcium (p = .12) and phosphorus (p = .60) levels were not significantly different between the groups after adjusting for education and BMI. Based on this study, no relationship was observed between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia; however, it was seen that the hypocalcaemia could increase the risk of preeclampsia up to 8.5 times. Based on our results and the literature, it seems that further studies need to be done to provide more insights into this area.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Preeclampsia is one of the three leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the importance of preeclampsia, the causes and methods of prevention of this disease are still unknown. Deficiency of vitamin D affects the calcium balance of mothers and fetuses and has also been reported as one of the causes of preeclampsia disease. Reducing serum calcium can lead to increased blood pressure in preeclamptic women. Changes in calcium metabolism during pregnancy could be one of the potential causes of preeclampsia. Although the association of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus with preeclampsia have been discussed previously, the results are not consistent.What do the results of this study add? The results showed that mean serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus levels were not significantly different between the groups.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? Based on this study, no relationship was observed between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia; however, it was seen that the hypocalcaemia could increase the risk of preeclampsia by up to 8.5 times. Based on our results and the literature, it seems that further studies need to be done to provide more insights into this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) can result in fetal complications such as oligohydramnios. This study aimed to determine the effects of intravenous (IV) fluid bolus on amniotic fluid index (AFI) in pregnant women with PPROM., Methods: 24 women with PPROM during singleton live pregnancy of 28 to 34 weeks whose baseline AFI was ≤ 5cm were randomized into two groups. The study group received one liter intravenous fluid bolus of isotonic Ringer serum during 30-minute period. Reevaluations of amniotic fluid index in both groups were made 90 minutes and 48 hours after baseline measurement. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used to compare the two groups and mean amniotic fluid index before and after treatment, respectively., Results: The results of this study demonstrate that AFI decreased statistically significant in both the control and study groups. AFI decreased in both groups at 48 hours later. This decrease was not statistically significant in any group. The mean change in AFI (90 minutes and baseline) and (48 hours and baseline) between the two groups were not significant. The time between mean baseline measurements and delivery were 196.41 and 140.58 hours in the study and control groups, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant., Conclusion: This study did not find significant impact of hydration On AFI as a prophylactic method on oligohydramnios in pregnant women with PPROM.